KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA BHADRAK

Accelerating Income through Resource Utilization under Integrated Farming Models for

Small holders

8th National Conference on KVK 2013Bengaluru

23-25 October 2013

Dr Aurovinda DasProgramme Coordinator

BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF BHADRAK DISTRICT

12th most populous district of the state

Supports 3.6 % human and 3.5 % animal population of the state with only 1.6 % of the geographical area

Rural population : 90.06 % of total population of the district

72.90 % Rural population depend on agriculture and allied sector for their livelihood

VULNERABILITY MAP OF BHADRAK

BONTH

BHADRAK BASUDEVPUR

BHANDARIPOKHARI

TIHIDI

DHAMNAGAR

CHANDBALI

AGRI

CULT

URE

SCE

NAR

IO O

F BH

ADRA

K D

ISTR

ICT

Agro Climatic Zone North Eastern Coastal Plain Zone

Agro Eco SituationsAlluvial Canal IrrigatedLow lying flood proneSaline Soil Group

8%

36%57%

UplandMedium landLow land

Total geographical area 2,70,164 ha

Total cultivable area 1,76,000 ha Irrigated area 65 % (Kharif)

20.6 % ( Rabi)Cropping intensity 132.6%

La

nd

ty

pe

s

LAND HOLDING PATTERN OF THE DISTRICT

Distribution of land holding

Size of holding No. of holding

Per cent of total land holding

Area (ha)

< 1 ha (Marginal) 85,779 58.5 38,889

1-2 ha (Small) 34,178 23.3 47,751

2-4 ha (Medium) 20,909 14.3 55,615

>4 ha (Large) 5,751 3.7 33,602

Per cent of Total Land holding Share of Area

59%23%

14%

4%

MarginalSmallMediumLarge

22%

27%32%

19%

Cropping System Area (ha)

Rice Equivalent

Yield (q/ha)

Rice-Black gram 7550 48.49Rice- Green gram 6525 44.02Rice- Toria 1178 40.63Rice-Sunflower 1116 74.27Rice-Ground nut 1505 84.98Rice-Vegetables 9587 113.57Rice- Rice 15620 63.99

MAJOR CROPPING SYSTEMS

Inland Fisheries Resources

Fresh water source

No. Water spread

Area (ha)

Production (MT)

Productivity

(MT/ha)

Tanks & Ponds– G.P.

2315 704.8 1311.0 1.86

Revenue 436 151.0 268.8 1.78

Private 15496 2939.1 7142.0 2.43

Total 18247 3794.9 8721.8 2.28

Animal Resources Animal Resources Numbers

Cattle - Cross bred 169788Indigenous 394789

Buffaloes 13810Goat 201333Sheep 10273Others (Pig) 9169Poultry 735246

FISHERIES & ANIMAL RESOURCES

District Agriculture -Threats and Concerns

Deteriorating resource base

Fragmented Land holding

Climatic aberrations and occurrence of extreme events

Low irrigation facilities during rabi

Biotic stresses such as disease & insect pest outbreak

Declining farm profitability and large scale urban

migration

High cost of external inputs and labour scarcity

Distress sale of farm produce particularly rice

Menace of stray cattle & monkey

WHY SMALL HOLDERS ARE VULNERABLE ??

Limited resource base (Natural and Physical)

Low profitability and marketable surplus

Less scope for diversification

Limited access to technology, credit and market

Less capital for asset building

Low adaptability to external shocks

Low risk bearing ability

Subsistence orientation

Lack of awareness about the Govt. schemes & programs

Low social recognition in community decision making

processes

LIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS FOR SMALL HOLDERS

Intensification of existing production system Integration of suitable components in a farming system approachEncouragement of off-farm & non-farm activities to supplement the family income Market re-orientation through diversification of production system and processing of farm produces

These options under the umbrella of Integrated Farming System approach can sustain the livelihoods of small holder

Enhancement in Income

Employment Generation

Ensuring Food and Nutritional security

OBJECTIVES OF IFS

Reso

urc

e U

tilisa

tion R

esid

ue R

ecyclin

g

STRATEGY FOLLOWED BY KVK TO PROMOTE INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM S FOR SMALL HOLDERS

Identification of existing pond based farming systems

Analyzing the economics, social and component compatibility, resource use, residue recycling and constraints

Technology intervention for maximizing the out put of individual components and optimizing system productivity

Assessing the sustainability of the farming systems and documentation of threats and constraints

Validating the suitability of the situation specific pond based farming system models at different locations

Creating gainful employment opportunity through processing and value addition

Convergence and institutional linkage for strengthening and horizontal spread of the technology

PROCESS ADOPTED BY KVK

SURVEY & DOCUMENTATION

SYSTEM ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION POINTS

TECHNOLOGY TESTING

MONITORING

CLUSTERING , NETWORKING, & DATABASE

UPSCALING THROUGH CONVERGENCE

Sl. No

Farming Systems Componets/Enterprises Per cent Net Income (Rs)/ha

Marginal Farmers

1 Rice based FS Fruits/ Vegetable + Pisciculture 32 83,940

2 Rice based FS Dairy + Poultry 18 47,730

3 Pond based FS Rice + Dairy 21 62,610

4 Rice based FS Fruits/Vegetable + Mushroom 16 70,400

5 Rice based FS Mushroom 7 58,600

Small Farmers

1 Rice based FS Fruits/Vegetable + Dairy + Pisciculture 34 72,500

2 Rice based FS Oilseed/Pulses + Fruits/Vegetables + Poultry

19 58,600

3 Pond based FS Rice + Oil seed /Pulses+ Fruits/Vegetable+ Dairy

25 76,860

4 Vegetable based FS

Rice + Fruits/Vegetable + Mushroom 12 68,340

5 Pond based FS Rice + Fruits/Vegetable +Dairy + Pisciculture+ Mushroom

7 72,900

MAJOR INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS OF THE DISTRICT

RICE

PULSES & OILSEEDS

VEGETABLES

FRUITS

PISCICULTURE

MUSHROOM

DAIRY

POULTRY

GOATERY

DUCKERY

APIARY

EXISTINGSCOPE FOR INTEGRATION

SCOPE FOR EXPANSION

POSSIBILITIES OF ENTERPRISE COMBINATION FOR SMALL HOLDERS

PROMISING ENTERPRISES

PISCICULTURE

MUSHROOM

OPPORTUNITY FOR PISCICULTURE IN THE DISTRICT

EXISTENCE OF PONDS NEAR HOUSE UNUTILISED POND

OPPORTUNITIES FOR POND BASED FARMING SYSTEM

Additional 11475 small ponds developed through MGNREGS and Multi-purpose Farm pond schemes

Out of total of 18247 cultivable ponds , 15277 ponds situated in backyard are small with an average area of 0.18 ha are mostly under utilized

Requirement of 1986 MT of fish in the district considering the internal fish demand there is an additional

MUSHROOM PRODUCTIONAn emerging off-farm enterprise of the district

Low investment, minimum infrastructure requirement and simple cultivation technique

Higher return within a small period of time

Huge availability of paddy straw Established value chain Good network of service providers for

input, technology and market

Strength of the enterprise Opportunities for the enterprise

Huge market demand both inside and outside the district

Efficient use of farm resources (paddy straw) and family labour

Scope for processing and value addition Attractive to unemployed youths and farm

women Technology validated for off-season

production

1 2 3 4 50

20

40

60

80

100

120

140No. of poly houses

Years after adoption of technology

2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

2010

-11

2011

-12

2012

-13

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500No. of Growers

Employment generation

Year

2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

2010

-11

2011

-12

2012

-13

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Production(q)

Income ('0000 Rupees))

Year

Growth of Mushroom enterprise

1380 growers producing 40.8 q mushroom per day providing employment to 3640 rural youth and farm women

More than 86 commercial mushroom growers and 52 SHGs engaged in mushroom production and value addition under the technical guidance of KVK

A mushroom growers’ association formed and strengthened by KVK to promote mushroom as an enterprise in a big way

This enterprise is mostly adopted by the resource poor small holders

COMPONENTS OF POND BASED FARMING SYSTEM

Vegetable cultivation on the dyke

Banana cultivation

Vermicompost production

Apiculture Poultry Duckery

Tuber crops on pond bund

Fruits on pond bund

Dairy

Resource recycling in pond based farming system

APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATON OF IFS

INTENSIFICATION OF EXISTING FARMING SYSTEM

INTEGRATION OF SUITABLE COMPONENTS

KEY INTERVENTIONS UNDERTAKEN BY KVK

PISCICULTURE

Problem Intervention

Low income from single cropping pattern in pisciculture

Validation of KVK Innovation of Multiple stocking and multiple harvesting and subsequent wide spread dissemination

Occurrence of nutritional deficiency disorders in fishes (Scoliosis , Lordosis, bigger head- narrow trunk etc.)

Assessment of Vitamin-mineral premix with traditional feed

Cost involvement towards artificial fish feed is very high (Approx. 70% of production cost)

Rearing of Khaki Campbell with composite pisciculture

Phytoplanktonic bloom frequently crashes during winter

Assessment and demonstration of liquid micronutrients in sustaining phytoplankton bloom during winter

Key Interventions undertaken by KVK

B. Crop production

Problem Intervention

Low yield and high incidence of diseases in the existing varieties of paddy

Varietal evaluation and demonstration of high yielding varieties like Pratikshya, Ranidhan etc.

Low yield of rice, pulses and oilseed crops due to imbalanced nutrient application

Recommendation of balanced fertilizer dose and INM to farmers and extension functionariesAssessment of LCC for N management in rice

Low yield due to high incidence of sheath blight, blast, BPH & WBPH, stem borer and leaf folder in rice

Assessment and demonstration on IPDM technology in rice

Key Interventions undertaken by KVKC. Horticulture

Problem Intervention

Sub-optimal utilisation of pond dykes

Demonstration on elephant foot yam and yam, tissue culture banana, papaya and bowering system of cucurbits planting on the dyke

Imbalanced nutrient application in vegetables

Demonstration on INM in major vegetable crops, brinjal, tomato and chilli

High incidence of diseases and insect pests in vegetable and fruit crops

Assessment and demonstration on various IPDM modules against major disease and insect pests of brinjal, tomato, chilli, taro, cabbage, pointed gourd, pumpkin, coconut and banana

Low yield potential of existing varieties

Demonstration on the improved varieties/ hybrids of onion, garlic, brinjal. Tomato, chilli and cole crops

Key Interventions undertaken by KVKD. Mushroom

Problem Intervention

Difficulties in Paddy straw mushroom production during winter season and low market demand for Oyster mushroom

Demonstration on off-season paddy straw mushroom production in low cost poly house

Low availability of unthreshed paddy straw due to mechanized threshing

Assessment and demonstration of threshed paddy straw as substrate

Less consumer preference and low profitability of Oyster mushroom

Processing and value addition of Oyster mushroom viz. pickle, nuggets, dehydrated mushroom, soup powder, mushroom flour

Animal Health Camp Exposure visit

KISHAN MOBILE ADVISORY TO THE IFS FARMERS

Module Activity Gross return (Rs)

Activity Specific Intervention Additional cost involved, Rs

Gross return, Rs

Addl. Employment (days)

Paddy 0.4 ha 19800 0.4 ha Fertilizer management, IPM 620 24720 2

Fish production

0.4 ha (Single cropping pattern)

48400 0.4 haMultiple cropping pattern of pisciculture by use of SFL/SYL

37200 144100 120

Vegetable (Pointed gourd)

0.05 ha (Local var.)

128500.05 ha (Improved var.)

Varietal replacement with Swarna Aloukik with bowering system planting

5500 29450 23

Dairy 2 cows-cross bred

28400 2 cows- cross bred

Fodder cultivationFeed management 900 35600 20

Total 0.85 ha 119450 0.85 ha 44220 233870 165

ON FARM EVALUATION OF KVK INTERVENTIONS ON FARMING SYSTEMS

Before intervention(2009) After intervention

Sri Santosh Nayak, Vill-Bhagia, BhadrakSize of holding: 0.85 ha, Family size: 6

Varietal replacement of local var. with improved var. Swarna Aloukik

Trailing system of planting of pointed gourd

ON FARM EVALUATION OF KVK INTERVENTIONS ON FARMING SYSTEMS

Paddy 0.5 ha

Fish production 0.4 ha

Dairy 2 cows(Indigenous)

ON FARM EVALUATION OF KVK INTERVENTIONS ON FARMING SYSTEMS Rabi Narayan Barik

Specific Intervention on 1st year

Fertilizer management, IPM

Use of SFL/SYL, supplementary feeding, INM, IDM

Fodder cultivation and Feed management

Maitapur, Bhadrak)Size of holding: 0.9 ha

Family size: 6

Enterprises before intervention

Additional cost involved (Rs) 119500

Net return before intervention (Rs) 32400

Net return 3 years after intervention (Rs) 104220

Additional employment generated (days) 370

Paddy Fish production Dairy 0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000Before Intervention

After Intervention

Gro

ss R

etur

n (R

s.)

Effect of KVK Intervention

Paddy 0.2 ha

Fish production 0.4 ha

Fish seed production 0.2 ha

Dairy Cows-2 (Indigenous)1- Cross bred

Vegetables 0.1 ha

Fodder (Hybrid napier) 0.01 ha

Farming system 3 yrs after KVK Intervention

Module Activity Gross return (Rs)

Activity Specific Intervention Additional cost involved, Rs

Gross return, Rs

Addl. Employment (days)

Paddy 0.4ha 21500 Area converted to pond

-60

Dairy Cow-1-Indigenous

2300Cross bred - 2Indigenous-1 Feed management 35600 53200 45

Fish production

0.32 ha newly developed

Multiple cropping pattern in pisciculture using SFL/SYL

26500 78400 50

Vegetables 0.08 ha Production technology for round the year cultivation

12750 25500 70

Total 0.4 ha 23800 0.4 74850 157100 105

ON FARM EVALUATION OF KVK INTERVENTIONS ON FARMING SYSTEMS

Before intervention(2006) After intervention

Sri Debadatta Panda, Vill-Jamujodi, TihidiSize of holding: 0.4 ha, Family size: 6

Problems diagnosed

KVK Intervention

Sri Bharat Chandra Samal Village – Patuli , Block- Bhandaripokhari, Bhadrak (Odisha)

Land holding: 1.6 haFamily size: 10

• Low profitability of paddy & vegetables• Low income to support family needs• High cost incurred in external inputs

BACKGROUND

Off season mushroom production in low cost polyhouse and strengthening through ATMA (OFT – 2007-08)

Inclusion of pulses and oilseeds in crop production

Linkage with FFDA for development of farm pond & with Horticulture dept. for vermicompost unit

EXSTING FARMING SYSTEM Rice+ vegetable+Mushroom

NET RETURNRs.1,42,00

FARMING SYSTEM IN 2012-13 Rice - SunflowerVegetableFruits & plantation cropsPiscicultureMushroomDairyVermicompostForestry

Family employment generation

1130 days/yr

NET RETURNRs.584400/yr

OPPORTUNITY COSTRs.225980

VALUE OF RESIDUE RECYCLED

Rs. 83600

AWARDED AT DISTRICT & STATE LEVEL

RECYCLING OF RESOURCES AND ORGANIC RESIDUES WITHIN

Problems diagnosedKVK Intervention since 2006

Sri Prabodh Behera Village – Jamajodi- Tihidi, Bhadrak (Odisha)

Land holding: 1.0 haFamily size: 8

Earlier agricultural activities Rice-Pulse + vegetable +Dairy

• Low profitability of paddy , pulse & vegetables• Low income to support family needs• High cost incurred in external inputs

Improved production technology of rice, pulse & vegetablesDevelopment fof farm pond through convergence with DRDAMultiple cropping pattern in pisciculture and introduction of poultry and duckeryPlantation of banana and guava on the pond dyke Linkage with Horticulture dept. for apiary & vermicompost unit

Farming system in 3rd year of Intervention

Pisciculture + Rice-pulse + Vegetables + Fruit crops+ Dairy + Poultry + Duckery + Apiary + VermicompostNet monetary Return Rs.296496 / year

Background

Micronutrient application in pond Vermicomposting

Elephant food yam on pond dyke Vegetable seedling raising

Elephant foot yam

Farming system in 5th year of Intervention

Pisciculture + Rice-pulse + Vegetables + Fruit crops+ Dairy + Poultry + Apiary + VermicompostNet monetary Return Rs.416300 / year

VALUE OF RESIDUE RECYCLED

Rs. 48100

FAMILY EMPLOYMENT

704 MD/year

INSTITUTIONAL LINKAGE FOR UP SCALING POND BASED FARMING SYSTEM

KVK

Awareness generation , Facilitation

Vaccination of Poultry Birds, Ducks & Dairy Animals, Animal Health Camp,

Supply of Fodder Seed materials

Development of multi-purpose farm ponds, Supply of quality fish

seeds etc.

Demonstration, Farm School, Exposure visit & Publication

ATMA

Fishery Department

Animal Resource

DepartmentNGOs & Farmers

Club

NABARD

Capacity building & Exposure visit

Dept. of Agriculture & Horticulture

Technology dissemination, Supply of quality seed & planting materials, development of farm ponds & irrigation facility etc.

OUTCOMES & IMPACT

Ensured livelihood and nutritional security of more than 320 smallholders of the district

Created gainful employment for more than 1000 persons round the year and further widen the opportunity for unemployed youth and agriculture labourers

Intensification of farming systems of marginal and small farmers with minimum alteration of existing resource base

Enabled multi-commodity production for easy marketing and risk reduction

Created favourable attitudinal changes among the rural youths towardsfarming as a vocation Effective convergence with line departments and strengtheningco-ordination among the partners

Improvement of the productivity of existing enterprise Enterprise combination is gradual process Better utilisation of resources and recycling of farm residues Social factor is the key for enterprise selection and combination Constant monitoring and regular technical backstopping Market led production ensures profitability Fish seed production is more remunerative than table size fish production Poultry (Improved colour bird) and duckery facing natural threat of wild cat Up scaling through convergence with line departments

LESSON LEARNT

Development of viable farming system models for marginal farmers with very small holding

Standardization of different pond based farming system models for different categories of farmers through on-farm validation

Inclusion of this approach in the SREP and CDAP of the district as an important strategic component

Facilitate accelerated dissemination of technology though handholding approach

Exploring more areas of convergence with different stakeholders and programmes

FUTURE STRATEGY

Thank You