kpi optimization

KPI OPTIMISATION NOTES

11.2.3.3.

21.2.3.

123456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132

1. Introduction

OPTIMIZATIO NWhat is Optimization?Why do we use it?Requirements for OptimisationTypes of Optimization

KPIWhat is KPI?Why do we use it?Types of KPI

2. Paramiters

Immediate Assignment Success RateSDCCH Congestion Rate(Overflow)SDCCH Drop RateTCH Assignment Success RateTCH Attempt Failure Rate Due to No TCH AssignmentTCH Congestion Rate(Overflow)TCH Seizure Success RateCall Establishment Success RateBSS Call Setup Success RateTCH Call Drop Rate(including Handovers)TCH Call Drop Rate (Excluding Handover)Traffice Volume to Call DropsTCH RF Lost RateTCH Handover Lost RateHandover Success RateHandover RF Success RateIntra-BSC Handover Success RateInter-BSC Incoming Cell Handover Success RateInter-BSC Outgoing Cell Handover Success RateIntra-BSC Handover RF Success RateInter-BSC Incoming Cell Radio Handover Success RateInter-BSC Outgoing Cell Radio Handover Success RateDual-Band Handover Success Rate(900/850-1800/1900)Dual-Band Handover Success Rate(1800/1900-900/850)Call Success RateTCH Traffic VolumeSDCCH Traffic VolumeTCHH Traffic VolumeTCH AvailablityTRX AvailabilitySDCCH AvailabilityRadio Utalization

* Links are provided for every messages. To view the

detailed of KPI click the messages.

Note: This is just a tutorial material for KPI Optimization and call flow. These contents which

we encounter in normal RF scenarios.

11.2.

2 Created by Amit Gupta1.2.

31.2.

41.2.

51.2.

12

900 Band1800 Band

345

3. Problems with Solutions

Problem-1ReasonSolutions

Problem-2Reason [email protected] www.toshniwalcontrols.com




4. Some Basic Definations

TAARFCN

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.toshniwalcontrols.com/

* Links are provided for every messages. To view the

detailed of KPI click the messages.

Note: This is just a tutorial material for KPI Optimization and call flow. These contents which

we encounter in normal RF scenarios.

Created by Amit [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.toshniwalcontrols.com/

Introduction

Optimization

What is Optimization?

‘The identification and rectification ofperformance affecting problems withinthe constraints of an existing networkinfrastructure.’

Why do we use it?

The goal of optimisation is to ensure the network is operating at optimumefficiency and within the defined quality of service constraints.This is achieved by implementing corrective action and procedures to rectifynetwork problems identified though analysis of performance managementmonitoring parameters.

• Goal:• Ensure optimum network performance within QoS constraints

• Process:• Identify network problems through analysis of KPIs• Implement corrective actions and/or procedures to rectify problems• Monitor results of modifications

• Purpose:• Maintain/improve QoS• Reduce churn rate• Attract new customers• Maximise revenue-generating service• Maximize efficiency of network functional elements

The reason this optimisation process is carried out is to:• Maintain or improve quality of service• Reduce churn rate by retaining existing customers• Attract new customers• Maximise revenue generating services by maximising efficiency offunctional network elements.

Requirements for Optimisation

Network issues that may generate a requirement for optimisation include:• Perceived reduction in network quality

Click to return to main page



• Indications from network performance monitoring• Subscriber’s experience of using the network

• Maximising the use of existing infrastructure• operator wants to ensure best return on investment

• Introduction of new services• maximise existing resources to accommodate new services such as GPRS

• Change in original design parameters• Flawed original design information• Original design information has changed

• Regardless of the initiating event, the optimisation procedures remaingenerally the same

Types of Optimization

1 Physical Optimization2 Soft Optimization

KPI (Key Performance Indicator)

What is KPI?

• KPIs are established by the operator as a benchmark against which to judge the performance of a network

• Which KPIs the operator decides to use will depend on:• the nature of the network• operator assessment of priorities for their business• Counters implemented by vendors

• KPIs are generally based on two sets of data:• Network statistics from the OMC• Drive test statistics using test mobile equipment

Why do we use it?

For Optimization, Utalizatiion of Site and Utalization of resources.

Types of KPI

KPIs that are commonly used in routine monitoring can be classified according to the indicated





performance.

A. The CS(Call Switching) KPIs can be categorized into the following:1 Accessibility KPIs

1 Immediate Assignment Success Rate2 SDCCH Congestion Rate(Overflow)3 SDCCH Drop Rate4 TCH Assignment Success Rate5 TCH Attempt Failure Rate Due to No TCH Assignment6 TCH Congestion Rate(Overflow)7 TCH Seizure Success Rate8 Call Establishment Success Rate9 BSS Call Setup Success Rate

2 Retainability KPIs1 TCH Call Drop Rate(including Handovers)2 TCH Call Drop Rate (Excluding Handover)3 Traffice Volume to Call Drops4 TCH RF Lost Rate5 TCH Handover Lost Rate6 Handover Success Rate7 Handover RF Success Rate8 Intra-BSC Handover Success Rate9 Inter-BSC Incoming Cell Handover Success Rate

10 Inter-BSC Outgoing Cell Handover Success Rate11 Intra-BSC Handover RF Success Rate12 Inter-BSC Incoming Cell Radio Handover Success Rate13 Inter-BSC Outgoing Cell Radio Handover Success Rate14 Dual-Band Handover Success Rate(900/850-1800/1900)15 Dual-Band Handover Success Rate(1800/1900-900/850)16 Call Success Rate

3 Resource Utilization KPIs1 TCH Traffic Volume2 SDCCH Traffic Volume3 TCHH Traffic Volume4 TCH Availablity5 TRX Availability6 SDCCH Availability

B. The PS(Packet Switching) KPIs can be categorized into the following:1 Throughput KPIs

1 Uplink RLC Payload2 Downlink RLC Payload3 Uplink EGPRS RLC Payload4 Downlink EGPRS RLC Payload5 Mean payload (kbytes) of the uplink data at the LLC layer6 Mean payload (kbytes) of the downlink data at the LLC layer7 Mean Downlink NS_PDUs throughput8 Packet data rate on air interface

2 Transmission KPIs1 Uplink RLC Data Retransmission Rate2 Downlink RLC Data Retransmission Rate

3 Uplink EGPRS RLC Data Retransmission Rate4 Downlink EGPRS RLC Data Retransmission Rate

3 Accessibility KPIs1 Uplink Assignment Success Rate2 Downlink Assignment Success Rate3 Uplink EGPRS Assignment Success Rate4 Downlink EGPRS Assignment Success Rate5 Mean inter-arrival time of packet access requests on CCCH6 Uplink GPRS TBF Congestion Rate7 Downlink GPRS TBF Congestion Rate8 Uplink EGPRS TBF Congestion Rate9 Downlink EGPRS TBF Congestion Rate

4 Resource utilization KPIs1 Uplink PDTCH/PACCH utilization rate2 Downlink PDTCH/PACCH utilization rate3 PDCH occupation rate4 Pre-empted Dynamic PDCH Carrying Packet Traffic Reclaimed SuccessRate5 PDCH Allocation Success Rate6 Downlink RLC Data Throughput Per PDCH7 Uplink RLC Data Throughput Per PDCH

5 Retainability KPIs1 Uplink GPRS TBF Drop Rate2 Downlink GPRS TBF DropRate3 Uplink EGPRS TBF Drop Rate4 Downlink EGPRS TBF Drop Rate

6 End-to-End Delay KPIs1 PING Delay2 Mean Delay of PDP Activation3 Mean Delay of Attachment4 Cell Reselection Time for G Packet Services5 Cell Reselection Time for G->G Packet Services

7 End-to-End Quality KPIs1 GRPS Data Transmission Rate2 EDGE Data Transmission Rate

• KPIs are established by the operator as a benchmark against which to judge the performance of a network


This describes the CS accessibility KPIs that mainly indicate the call success rate when a MSaccesses the network. Low accessibility KPIs directly lead to low user satisfaction.

This describes the CS Retainability KPIs that indicate the ratio of moving MSs to all MSs, themoving frequency, and the success rate of handovers on the move. In addition, these KPIsindicate the capability of providing continuous services. A low handover success rate may leadto a high call drop rate. A low success rate leads to low user satisfaction.

This describes the CS Resource Utilization KPIs that are used to monitor the load of hot cellsand the network. These KPIs can serve as references for capacity expansion. The traffic volumeKPIs help to obtain the ratio of busy-hour traffic to idle-hour traffic, to evaluate the utilizationof system resources, and to adjust charges. The equipment availability KPIs help to know therunning status of equipment, such as the running status of channels. If these KPIs are low,equipment and transmission may be faulty.

This describes the PS Throughput KPIs that are used to monitor the load of hot cells and thenetwork and to obtain service models. These KPIs can serve as references for capacity expansion.The PS Throughput KPIs help to obtain the busy-hour PS traffic and the idle-hour PS traffic, toevaluate the utilization of system resources, and to facilitate service assessment of carriers.

This describes the PS Transmission KPIs that indicate the quality of radio transmission links ina cell. If the RLC data block retransmission rate in a cell is high, the quality of the radio

transmission links in the cell is poor. Therefore, take corresponding measures, such as RFoptimization.

This describes the PS Accessibility KPIs that indicate whether MSs can easily access cells. PoorPS Accessibility KPIs directly affect user satisfaction.

This describes the PS Resource Utilization KPIs that indicate the utilization of the networkresource and the busy states of services. Thus, these KPIs can be used to guide networkexpansion.

Pre-empted Dynamic PDCH Carrying Packet Traffic Reclaimed SuccessRate

This describes the PS Retainability KPIs that mainly involve the uplink and downlink TBF calldrop rates. These KPIs indicate the capability of providing continuous services by the networkand are directly related to user satisfaction. Thus, an increase in call drop rate directly leads toa decrease in user satisfaction.

This describes the PS End-to-End Delay KPIs that indicate the service response speed of thenetwork. Long delay affects user satisfaction.

This describes the PS end-to-end quality KPIs. They involve the performance factors associatedwith the terminals, the radio access network, and the core network. Now, the main performanceproblem is concerned with the radio access network. Therefore, these KPIs indicate the end-toendservice data link bearing capability of the GPRS network, which are directly related to usersatisfaction.

Paramiters

A. The CS(Call Switching) KPIs can be categorized into the following:

Accessibility KPIs

1 Immediate Assignment Success Rate

Immediate Assignment Success Rate = Call Setup Indications (CircuitService) / Channel Requests (Circuit Service) x 100%

2 SDCCH Congestion Rate(Overflow)

SDCCH Congestion Rate(Overflow) = Failed SDCCH Seizures due toBusy SDCCH / SDCCH Seizure Requests x 100%

3 SDCCH Drop Rate

SDCCH Drop Rate = Call Drops on SDCCH / Successful SDCCHSeizures x 100%

4 TCH Assignment Success Rate

TCH Assignment Success Rate = Successful Assignments / AssignmentRequests x 100%

5 TCH Attempt Failure Rate Due to No TCH Assignment

TCH Attempt Failure Rate Due to No TCH Assignment = (TCH SeizureRequests (Signaling Channel) + TCH Seizure Requests (TrafficChannel) + TCH Seizure Requests in TCH Handovers (TrafficChannel) - Σ(All TRXs of Cells)Successful Channel Assignments (TCH)) /(TCH Seizure Requests (Signaling Channel) + TCH Seizure Requests(Traffic Channel) + TCH Seizure Requests in TCH Handovers (TrafficChannel)) x 100%

6 TCH Congestion Rate(Overflow)

TCH Congestion Rate(Overflow) = (Failed TCH Seizures due to BusyTCH (Signaling Channel) + Failed TCH Seizures due to Busy TCH(Traffic Channel) + Failed TCH Seizures in TCH Handovers due toBusy TCH (Traffic Channel)) / (TCH Seizure Requests (SignalingChannel) + TCH Seizure Requests (Traffic Channel) + TCH SeizureRequests in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel)) x 100%







7 TCH Seizure Success Rate

TCH Seizure Success Rate = (Successful TCH Seizures (SignalingChannel) + Successful TCH Seizures (Traffic Channel) + Successful TCHSeizures in TCH handovers (Traffic Channel)) / (TCH Seizure Requests(Signaling Channel) + TCH Seizure Requests (Traffic Channel) + TCHSeizure Requests in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel)) x 100%

8 Call Establishment Success Rate

Call Establishment Success Rate = Successful Assignments/(SDCCHSeizures for Speech Service + Call Setup Indications (MOC Non SMS)(TCHF) + Call Setup Indications (MTC) (TCHF) + Call SetupIndications (Emergency Call) (TCHF) + Call Setup Indications (CallRe-establishment) (TCHF) + Call Setup Indications (MOC Non SMS)(TCHH) + Call Setup Indications (MTC) (TCHH) + Call SetupIndications (Call Re-establishment) (TCHH)) x 100%

9 BSS Call Setup Success Rate

BSS Call Setup Success Rate= ((Immediate Assignment SuccessRate x TCH Assignment Success Rate) x (1 - SDCCH Drop Rate)) x100%

Retainability KPIs

1 TCH Call Drop Rate(including Handovers)

TCH Call Drop Rate(including Handovers) = Call Drops on TCH /(Successful TCH Seizures (Signaling Channel) + Successful TCHSeizures (Traffic Channel) + Successful TCH Seizures in TCH handovers(Traffic Channel)) x 100%

2 TCH Call Drop Rate (Excluding Handover)

TCH Call Drop Rate (Excluding Handover) = Call Drops on TCH /(Successful TCH Seizures (Traffic Channel) + Successful IncomingInternal Inter-Cell Handovers + Successful External Incoming CellHandovers - Successful Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers -Successful Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers) x 100%






3 Traffice Volume to Call Drops

Traffice Volume to Call Drops = 60 x Traffic Volume of TCHs / Call Dropson TCH

4 TCH RF Lost Rate

TCH RF Lost Rate = (Call Drops on Radio Interface in Stable State (TrafficChannel) + Call Drops on Radio Interface in Stable State (TCH QuaSignaling Channel)) / (Successful TCH Seizures (Signaling Channel) +Successful TCH Seizures (Traffic Channel) + Successful TCH Seizures inTCH Handovers (Traffic Channel)) x 100%

5 TCH Handover Lost Rate

TCH Handover Lost Rate = (Handover Drop Rate of TCH + CallDrops in TCH Handovers (Traffic Channel)) / (Successful TCHSeizures (Signaling Channel) + Successful TCH Seizures (TrafficChannel) + Successful TCH Seizures in TCH Handovers (TrafficChannel)) x 100%

6 Handover Success Rate

Handover Success Rate = (Successful Outgoing Internal Inter-CellHandovers + Successful External Outgoing Cell Handovers) /(Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests + OutgoingExternal Inter-Cell Handover Requests ) x 100%

7 Handover RF Success Rate

Handover RF Success Rate = (Successful Outgoing Internal Inter-CellHandover + Successful Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers) /(Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands + Outgoing ExternalInter-Cell Handover Commands) x 100%

8 Intra-BSC Handover Success Rate

Intra-BSC Handover Success Rate = (Successful Internal Intra-CellHandovers + Successful Incoming Internal Inter-CellHandovers) / (Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests + Incoming

9 Inter-BSC Incoming Cell Handover Succes

Inter-BSC Incoming Cell Handover Success Rate = SuccessfulIncoming External Inter-Cell Handovers / Incoming External







Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests） x 100%


Inter-Cell Handover Requests x 100%

10 Inter-BSC Outgoing Cell Handover Succes

Inter-BSC Outgoing Cell Handover Success Rate = SuccessfulOutgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers / Outgoing ExternalInter-Cell Handover Requests x 100%

11 Intra-BSC Handover RF Success Rate

Intra-BSC Handover RF Success Rate = (Successful Internal Intra-CellHandovers + Successful Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers) /(Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands + Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Responses) x 100%

12 Inter-BSC Incoming Cell Radio Handover

Inter-BSC Incoming Cell Radio Handover Success Rate = SuccessfulIncoming External Inter-Cell Handovers / Incoming External Inter-CellHandover Responses x 100%

13 Inter-BSC Outgoing Cell Radio Handover

Inter-BSC Outgoing Cell Radio Handover Success Rate = SuccessfulOutgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers / Outgoing External Inter-CellHandover Commands x 100%

14 Dual-Band Handover Success Rate(900/850

15 Dual-Band Handover Success Rate(1800/19







16 Call Success Rate

Call Success Rate = SDCCH Congestion Rate(Overflow) x (1-SDCCH Drop Rate) x (1 - TCH Attempt Failure Rate Due to No

Resource Utilization KPIs

1 TCH Traffic Volume

Call Success Rate = SDCCH Congestion Rate(Overflow) x (1-SDCCH Drop Rate) x (1 - TCH Attempt Failure Rate Due to No

2 SDCCH Traffic Volume

SDCCH Traffic Volume = (Mean Number of Busy Signaling Channels(SDCCH) (900/850 Cell) + Mean Number of Busy Signaling Channels(SDCCH) (1800/1900 Cell)) / Number of Samples to Scan SDCCH States

3 TCHH Traffic Volume

TCHH Traffic Volume = Mean Number of Busy TCHs (TCHH)(900/850 Cell) + Mean Number of Busy TCHs (TCHH) (1800/1900Cell)

4 TCH Availablity

TCH Availablity = Mean Number of Available Channels (TCH) /Mean Number of Dynamically Configured Channels (TCH) x 100%

5 TRX Availability

TRX Availability = Available TRXs / Activated TRXs x 100%

6 SDCCH Availability

SDCCH Availability = Mean Number of Available Channels (SDCCH) /Mean Number of Dynamically Configured Channels (SDCCH) x 100%


TCH Assignment) x (1-TCH Call Drop Rate（includingHandovers）) x 100%


TCH Assignment) x (1-TCH Call Drop Rate（includingHandovers）) x 100%






7 Radio Utalization

Radio Utalization = TCH Traffic Available / Radio Capacity * 100%

7 TRX Usability

TRX Usability = Available TRX / Activated TRX * 100%



Problems with Solutions

Question:-How to find the site is down or not?Ans:- When TRX Usability = 0%, that mean the Available TRXs = 0

Hardware faultyPower Issue

Question:-TRX related problems.Ans:- When TRX Usability < 100%, that mean the Available TRXs < Activated TRXs

Hardware faultyPower Issue

Question:-TCH related problems.Ans:- When TCH Availability < 100%, that mean the Available TCHs < Configured TCHs

Hardware faultyQuestion:-SDCCH related problems.Ans:- When SDCCH Availability < 100%, that mean the Available SDCCHs < Configured SDCCHs

Hardware faultyMismatch Configuration

For 1 TRX = 1 Time slot = 7 SDCCHFor 2 TRX = 1 Time slot = 7 SDCCHFor 3 TRX = 2 Time slot = 14 SDCCHFor 4 TRX = 2 Time slot = 14 SDCCHFor 5 TRX = 3 Time slot = 21 SDCCHFor 6 TRX = 3 Time slot = 21 SDCCH

Question:-TCH Traffic related problems.Ans:- Check the TCH traffic should be less then 80% of Radio Capacity

Radio capacityTRXs configurationSDCCH configuration

If don’t match so take optimum configurationQuestion:-CSSR down / CDR up problems.Ans:- Reasons

Swapping Remove the swapingHardware faulty Call to OMCR and Installation team and Operator. So repair or change the hardwareTRXs UsabilityTCH half rate / full rate configuration Half rate / Full rate configured through OMCRHO failure / HOSRInterference change Down tilt, Orientation of the far site. Or change the frequencyRxQualRxLevbad Handove MarginRadio UtalizationTCH drop rateTCH blocking rateSDCCH drop rateSDCCH blocking rateOvershooting of sitesOverlapping







Path ImbalanceRACH success rateImmediate Authontication Success rate

Question:-HOSR down / HFR up problems.Ans:- Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

Successful Incoming Internal Inter-Cell HandoversIncoming External Inter-Cell Handover RequestsSuccessful Incoming External Inter-Cell HandoversOutgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover RequestsSuccessful Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell HandoverOutgoing External Inter-Cell Handover RequestsSuccessful External Inter-Cell HandoverRxLevRxQualInterferenceBad HO Margin

RxLev difference HORxQual difference HOTA emergency HOPGBT HOOM forced HOBQ emergency HORSD emergency HOInterference emergency HOLoad Sharing HOEdge HOFast Moving MS HOOverlaid / Underlaid HO

Neighbors are not defineFake NeighborPower BudgetTA

Question:-TCH Drop Call Rate problems.Ans:- Reasons

SwappingHardware faultyTRXs UsabilityTCH half rate / full rate configurationHO failure reasons / HOSRInterferenceRxQualRxLevbad Handove MarginRadio UtalizationTCH drop rateTCH blocking rateOvershooting of sitesOverlappingPath ImbalanceRACH success rate



Immediate Authontication Success rateQuestion:-Radio Capacity problems.Ans:- If Radio Capacity < TCH Traffic then try to increase Radio Capacity by

TRXs Configuration

Question:-How to Check the Swapping?Ans:- Lock the every sector one by one and drive all the routes covered by the complete site. Due to this we can find the complete coverage area of every BCCH of the site. And solve it by using Tilt( E, M ), Orientation, and cable tracing.Question:-If call cant be orignating in a Site/Sector.Ans:- 1 If CGI defination are mismatch in BSC and MSC so call cant be orignated. For solving this match them in both the BSC and MSC.

2 MS is at the location of Inter MSC Handover so define the neighbors of MSC1-BSC1-CGI1 to MSC1-BSC1-CGI1 and vice versa at MSC level.Question:-Ans:- Check the following parameters

SwappingVSWR alarm

Conectors may be lossJumper may be lossBanding of Antenna cableMultipath signal

S-1BTS Building

S-2 S-1MS

Question:-Is Handover CGI dependent of BCCH dependent?Ans:- The Handover is BCCH dependent but only in case of Inter MSC handover the handover is CGI dependent.




If RxLev is very fluctuating. Like- ( -45, -93, -48, -90, -55, -89, -52, -94, -47, -90, -45, -88)


Problems with Solutions

When TCH Availability < 100%, that mean the Available TCHs < Configured TCHs

When SDCCH Availability < 100%, that mean the Available SDCCHs < Configured SDCCHs

Call to OMCR and Installation team and Operator. So repair or change the hardware

Half rate / Full rate configured through OMCR

change Down tilt, Orientation of the far site. Or change the frequency


Lock the every sector one by one and drive all the routes covered by the complete site. Due to this we can find the complete coverage area of every BCCH of the site. And solve it by using Tilt( E, M ), Orientation, and cable tracing.

If CGI defination are mismatch in BSC and MSC so call cant be orignated. For solving this match them in both the BSC and MSC.MS is at the location of Inter MSC Handover so define the neighbors of MSC1-BSC1-CGI1 to MSC1-BSC1-CGI1 and vice versa at MSC level.

The Handover is BCCH dependent but only in case of Inter MSC handover the handover is CGI dependent.


Lock the every sector one by one and drive all the routes covered by the complete site. Due to this we can find the complete coverage area of every BCCH of the site. And solve it by using Tilt( E, M ), Orientation, and cable tracing.

Some Basic Definations

TA (Timing Advance)

Timing Advance is needed to compensate for different time delays in thetransmission of radio signals from different mobiles. The maximum value ofTiming Advance sets a limit on the size of the cell. The TA value to use isfound initially from the position of the received RACH burst in the guardperiod and is adjusted during the call in response to subsequent normal burstpositions.

Timing Advance is calculated from delay of data bits in the access burstreceived by the base station - long guard period allows space for this delay

TA signal is transmitted on SACCH as a number between 0 and 63 inunits of bit periods• TA value allows for ‘round trip’ from MS to BTS and back to MS• Each step in TA value corresponds to a MS to BTS distance of 550metres• Maximum MS to BTS distance allowed by TA is 35 km

ARFCN (Absolute radio frequence channel number )

900 Band 4.2 890 915UPLINK

ARFCN FREQUENCE0 890.21 890.42 890.6

3 890.84 8915 891.26 891.47 891.68 891.89 892

10 892.211 892.412 892.613 892.814 89315 893.216 893.417 893.618 893.819 89420 894.221 894.422 894.623 894.824 89525 895.226 895.427 895.628 895.829 89630 896.231 896.432 896.633 896.834 89735 897.236 897.437 897.638 897.839 89840 898.241 898.442 898.643 898.844 89945 899.246 899.447 899.648 899.849 90050 900.251 900.452 900.653 900.854 90155 901.256 901.4

57 901.658 901.859 90260 902.261 902.462 902.663 902.864 90365 903.266 903.467 903.668 903.869 90470 904.271 904.472 904.673 904.874 90575 905.276 905.477 905.678 905.879 90680 906.281 906.482 906.683 906.884 90785 907.286 907.487 907.688 907.889 90890 908.291 908.492 908.693 908.894 90995 909.296 909.497 909.698 909.899 910

100 910.2101 910.4102 910.6103 910.8104 911105 911.2106 911.4107 911.6108 911.8109 912110 912.2

111 912.4112 912.6113 912.8114 913115 913.2116 913.4117 913.6118 913.8119 914120 914.2121 914.4122 914.6123 914.8124 915

1800 Band 4.2 1710 1785UPLINK

ARFCN FREQUENCE512 1710.4513 1710.6514 1710.8515 1711516 1711.2517 1711.4518 1711.6519 1711.8520 1712521 1712.2522 1712.4523 1712.6524 1712.8525 1713526 1713.2527 1713.4528 1713.6529 1713.8530 1714531 1714.2532 1714.4533 1714.6534 1714.8535 1715536 1715.2537 1715.4538 1715.6539 1715.8540 1716541 1716.2542 1716.4543 1716.6544 1716.8545 1717546 1717.2

547 1717.4548 1717.6549 1717.8550 1718551 1718.2552 1718.4553 1718.6554 1718.8555 1719556 1719.2557 1719.4558 1719.6559 1719.8560 1720561 1720.2562 1720.4563 1720.6564 1720.8565 1721566 1721.2567 1721.4568 1721.6569 1721.8570 1722571 1722.2572 1722.4573 1722.6574 1722.8575 1723576 1723.2577 1723.4578 1723.6579 1723.8580 1724581 1724.2582 1724.4583 1724.6584 1724.8585 1725586 1725.2587 1725.4588 1725.6589 1725.8590 1726591 1726.2592 1726.4593 1726.6594 1726.8595 1727596 1727.2597 1727.4598 1727.6599 1727.8600 1728

601 1728.2602 1728.4603 1728.6604 1728.8605 1729606 1729.2607 1729.4608 1729.6609 1729.8610 1730611 1730.2612 1730.4613 1730.6614 1730.8615 1731616 1731.2617 1731.4618 1731.6619 1731.8620 1732621 1732.2622 1732.4623 1732.6624 1732.8625 1733626 1733.2627 1733.4628 1733.6629 1733.8630 1734631 1734.2632 1734.4633 1734.6634 1734.8635 1735636 1735.2637 1735.4638 1735.6639 1735.8640 1736641 1736.2642 1736.4643 1736.6644 1736.8645 1737646 1737.2647 1737.4648 1737.6649 1737.8650 1738651 1738.2652 1738.4653 1738.6654 1738.8

655 1739656 1739.2657 1739.4658 1739.6659 1739.8660 1740661 1740.2662 1740.4663 1740.6664 1740.8665 1741666 1741.2667 1741.4668 1741.6669 1741.8670 1742671 1742.2672 1742.4673 1742.6674 1742.8675 1743676 1743.2677 1743.4678 1743.6679 1743.8680 1744681 1744.2682 1744.4683 1744.6684 1744.8685 1745686 1745.2687 1745.4688 1745.6689 1745.8690 1746691 1746.2692 1746.4693 1746.6694 1746.8695 1747696 1747.2697 1747.4698 1747.6699 1747.8700 1748701 1748.2702 1748.4703 1748.6704 1748.8705 1749706 1749.2707 1749.4708 1749.6

709 1749.8710 1750711 1750.2712 1750.4713 1750.6714 1750.8715 1751716 1751.2717 1751.4718 1751.6719 1751.8720 1752721 1752.2722 1752.4723 1752.6724 1752.8725 1753726 1753.2727 1753.4728 1753.6729 1753.8730 1754731 1754.2732 1754.4733 1754.6734 1754.8735 1755736 1755.2737 1755.4738 1755.6739 1755.8740 1756741 1756.2742 1756.4743 1756.6744 1756.8745 1757746 1757.2747 1757.4748 1757.6749 1757.8750 1758751 1758.2752 1758.4753 1758.6754 1758.8755 1759756 1759.2757 1759.4758 1759.6759 1759.8760 1760761 1760.2762 1760.4

763 1760.6764 1760.8765 1761766 1761.2767 1761.4768 1761.6769 1761.8770 1762771 1762.2772 1762.4773 1762.6774 1762.8775 1763776 1763.2777 1763.4778 1763.6779 1763.8780 1764781 1764.2782 1764.4783 1764.6784 1764.8785 1765786 1765.2787 1765.4788 1765.6789 1765.8790 1766791 1766.2792 1766.4793 1766.6794 1766.8795 1767796 1767.2797 1767.4798 1767.6799 1767.8800 1768801 1768.2802 1768.4803 1768.6804 1768.8805 1769806 1769.2807 1769.4808 1769.6809 1769.8810 1770811 1770.2812 1770.4813 1770.6814 1770.8815 1771816 1771.2

817 1771.4818 1771.6819 1771.8820 1772821 1772.2822 1772.4823 1772.6824 1772.8825 1773826 1773.2827 1773.4828 1773.6829 1773.8830 1774831 1774.2832 1774.4833 1774.6834 1774.8835 1775836 1775.2837 1775.4838 1775.6839 1775.8840 1776841 1776.2842 1776.4843 1776.6844 1776.8845 1777846 1777.2847 1777.4848 1777.6849 1777.8850 1778851 1778.2852 1778.4853 1778.6854 1778.8855 1779856 1779.2857 1779.4858 1779.6859 1779.8860 1780861 1780.2862 1780.4863 1780.6864 1780.8865 1781866 1781.2867 1781.4868 1781.6869 1781.8870 1782

871 1782.2872 1782.4873 1782.6874 1782.8875 1783876 1783.2877 1783.4878 1783.6879 1783.8880 1784881 1784.2882 1784.4883 1784.6884 1784.8885 1785

Some Basic Definations

TA (Timing Advance)

Timing Advance is needed to compensate for different time delays in thetransmission of radio signals from different mobiles. The maximum value ofTiming Advance sets a limit on the size of the cell. The TA value to use isfound initially from the position of the received RACH burst in the guardperiod and is adjusted during the call in response to subsequent normal burst

Timing Advance is calculated from delay of data bits in the access burstreceived by the base station - long guard period allows space for this delay


TA signal is transmitted on SACCH as a number between 0 and 63 in

• Each step in TA value corresponds to a MS to BTS distance of 550

890.2ARFCN (Absolute radio frequence channel number ) 894.6

935 960DOWNLINK

ARFCN FRENQUENCE0 935.21 935.42 935.6

3 935.84 9365 936.26 936.47 936.68 936.89 937

10 937.211 937.412 937.613 937.814 93815 938.216 938.417 938.618 938.819 93920 939.221 939.422 939.623 939.824 94025 940.226 940.427 940.628 940.829 94130 941.231 941.432 941.633 941.834 94235 942.236 942.437 942.638 942.839 94340 943.241 943.442 943.643 943.844 94445 944.246 944.447 944.648 944.849 94550 945.251 945.452 945.653 945.854 94655 946.256 946.4

57 946.658 946.859 94760 947.261 947.462 947.663 947.864 94865 948.266 948.467 948.668 948.869 94970 949.271 949.472 949.673 949.874 95075 950.276 950.477 950.678 950.879 95180 951.281 951.482 951.683 951.884 95285 952.286 952.487 952.688 952.889 95390 953.291 953.492 953.693 953.894 95495 954.296 954.497 954.698 954.899 955

100 955.2101 955.4102 955.6103 955.8104 956105 956.2106 956.4107 956.6108 956.8109 957110 957.2

111 957.4112 957.6113 957.8114 958115 958.2116 958.4117 958.6118 958.8119 959120 959.2121 959.4122 959.6123 959.8124 960

1805 1880DOWNLINK

ARFCN FREQUENCE512 1805.4513 1805.6514 1805.8515 1806516 1806.2517 1806.4518 1806.6519 1806.8520 1807521 1807.2522 1807.4523 1807.6524 1807.8525 1808526 1808.2527 1808.4528 1808.6529 1808.8530 1809531 1809.2532 1809.4533 1809.6534 1809.8535 1810536 1810.2537 1810.4538 1810.6539 1810.8540 1811541 1811.2542 1811.4543 1811.6544 1811.8545 1812546 1812.2

547 1812.4548 1812.6549 1812.8550 1813551 1813.2552 1813.4553 1813.6554 1813.8555 1814556 1814.2557 1814.4558 1814.6559 1814.8560 1815561 1815.2562 1815.4563 1815.6564 1815.8565 1816566 1816.2567 1816.4568 1816.6569 1816.8570 1817571 1817.2572 1817.4573 1817.6574 1817.8575 1818576 1818.2577 1818.4578 1818.6579 1818.8580 1819581 1819.2582 1819.4583 1819.6584 1819.8585 1820586 1820.2587 1820.4588 1820.6589 1820.8590 1821591 1821.2592 1821.4593 1821.6594 1821.8595 1822596 1822.2597 1822.4598 1822.6599 1822.8600 1823

601 1823.2602 1823.4603 1823.6604 1823.8605 1824606 1824.2607 1824.4608 1824.6609 1824.8610 1825611 1825.2612 1825.4613 1825.6614 1825.8615 1826616 1826.2617 1826.4618 1826.6619 1826.8620 1827621 1827.2622 1827.4623 1827.6624 1827.8625 1828626 1828.2627 1828.4628 1828.6629 1828.8630 1829631 1829.2632 1829.4633 1829.6634 1829.8635 1830636 1830.2637 1830.4638 1830.6639 1830.8640 1831641 1831.2642 1831.4643 1831.6644 1831.8645 1832646 1832.2647 1832.4648 1832.6649 1832.8650 1833651 1833.2652 1833.4653 1833.6654 1833.8

655 1834656 1834.2657 1834.4658 1834.6659 1834.8660 1835661 1835.2662 1835.4663 1835.6664 1835.8665 1836666 1836.2667 1836.4668 1836.6669 1836.8670 1837671 1837.2672 1837.4673 1837.6674 1837.8675 1838676 1838.2677 1838.4678 1838.6679 1838.8680 1839681 1839.2682 1839.4683 1839.6684 1839.8685 1840686 1840.2687 1840.4688 1840.6689 1840.8690 1841691 1841.2692 1841.4693 1841.6694 1841.8695 1842696 1842.2697 1842.4698 1842.6699 1842.8700 1843701 1843.2702 1843.4703 1843.6704 1843.8705 1844706 1844.2707 1844.4708 1844.6

709 1844.8710 1845711 1845.2712 1845.4713 1845.6714 1845.8715 1846716 1846.2717 1846.4718 1846.6719 1846.8720 1847721 1847.2722 1847.4723 1847.6724 1847.8725 1848726 1848.2727 1848.4728 1848.6729 1848.8730 1849731 1849.2732 1849.4733 1849.6734 1849.8735 1850736 1850.2737 1850.4738 1850.6739 1850.8740 1851741 1851.2742 1851.4743 1851.6744 1851.8745 1852746 1852.2747 1852.4748 1852.6749 1852.8750 1853751 1853.2752 1853.4753 1853.6754 1853.8755 1854756 1854.2757 1854.4758 1854.6759 1854.8760 1855761 1855.2762 1855.4

763 1855.6764 1855.8765 1856766 1856.2767 1856.4768 1856.6769 1856.8770 1857771 1857.2772 1857.4773 1857.6774 1857.8775 1858776 1858.2777 1858.4778 1858.6779 1858.8780 1859781 1859.2782 1859.4783 1859.6784 1859.8785 1860786 1860.2787 1860.4788 1860.6789 1860.8790 1861791 1861.2792 1861.4793 1861.6794 1861.8795 1862796 1862.2797 1862.4798 1862.6799 1862.8800 1863801 1863.2802 1863.4803 1863.6804 1863.8805 1864806 1864.2807 1864.4808 1864.6809 1864.8810 1865811 1865.2812 1865.4813 1865.6814 1865.8815 1866816 1866.2

817 1866.4818 1866.6819 1866.8820 1867821 1867.2822 1867.4823 1867.6824 1867.8825 1868826 1868.2827 1868.4828 1868.6829 1868.8830 1869831 1869.2832 1869.4833 1869.6834 1869.8835 1870836 1870.2837 1870.4838 1870.6839 1870.8840 1871841 1871.2842 1871.4843 1871.6844 1871.8845 1872846 1872.2847 1872.4848 1872.6849 1872.8850 1873851 1873.2852 1873.4853 1873.6854 1873.8855 1874856 1874.2857 1874.4858 1874.6859 1874.8860 1875861 1875.2862 1875.4863 1875.6864 1875.8865 1876866 1876.2867 1876.4868 1876.6869 1876.8870 1877

871 1877.2872 1877.4873 1877.6874 1877.8875 1878876 1878.2877 1878.4878 1878.6879 1878.8880 1879881 1879.2882 1879.4883 1879.6884 1879.8885 1880

Call Processing Summary

Note: In this presentation the BTS & BSC is considered together as BSS part.

MOBILE ORIGINATED CALL

MS BSS

Complete Layer 3 Info

Cipher Mode CMD

Cipher Mode Complete

Assignment Request

Assignment Complete

Address Complete Message (ACM)

Answer Signal/Answer Message (ANM)

MOBILE TERMINATED CALL

MSC/VLR

Channel Request

Immediate Assignment

CM Sevice Request

Authentication Request

Authentication Response

Ciphering Mode Command


Setup

Identity Request

Identity Response

Call Proceeding

Assignment Command

Assignment Complete

Initial Address Message

Alerting

Connect

Connect Acknowledge

MS BSS

Provide Roaming Number

Roaming Number

Paging Command

Complete Layer 3 Info

Cipher Mode CMD


Assignment Request

Assignment Complete



MSC/VLR

Initial Address Message

Paging

Channel Request

Immediate Assignment

Paging Response

Ciphering Mode Command

Ciphering Mode Complete

Identity Request

Identity Response

Setup

Call Confirmed

Assignment Command

Assignment Complete

Alerting

Connect

Connect Acknowledge

HLR PSTN




Initial Address Message (IAM)

HLR PSTN

Send Routing Info

Routing Information




Initial Address Message (IAM)

kpi optimization

Documents