Korean NAP Experiences and Lessons Learned

UNDP-UNEP NAP-Global Support Programme

24 September 2019, Busan

Korea Environment Institute Dr. Sang In KANG sikang@kei.re.kr

2

3

Current Global Reference of Korean Climate Actions _ PA

§2. Goals: 2℃, further 1.5 ℃, adaptation, finance

§3. NDC (M&A, Means of Implementation, Support)

§4. GHG emission

reduction

§5. GHG

sink & capture

§7. Adaptation

NWP NAP

AC

§8. Loss & Damage

WIM

ExCom

§6. Cooperative approach

with ITMO

§9. Finance

§10. Technology

§11. Capacity Building

§12. Public

Participation

§13. Transparency

§14. Global Stocktake

§15. Compliance &

Implementation

Actions

Type

Goals

MOI

MRV

4

Korean Pledge 2020(2009, Copenhagen) & NDC 2030(2015, Paris)

Pledge 2020 -30% off from BAU 2020 COP15 Copenhagen, 2009

NDC 2030 -37% off from BAU 2030 _COP21 Paris, 2015

Target Management System(2011)

Emission Trading System(2015)

5

Operation of National GHG Management System: TMS & ETS

2014 Roadmap

2016 Initial NDC Roadmap

2018 Revised NDC Roadmap

Top National Level _ Low Carbon Green Growth Strategy (2008)

6

Governance of Low Carbon Green Growth(LCGG) under FALCGG*

*Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth(2010)

Central Government (Ministries) - Development and Implementation of

5 year Plan of LCGG

reporting

Council of Local Government - Approval of 5 year Local LCGG - Ordnance for Local LCGG MRV

submission

Metropolitan Cities, Provinces - Development and Implementation

of 5 year Local Plan of LCGG - Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting

reporting Under the article 4.3 of FALCGG, national government supports local governments

during the development and implementation of local actions in the LCGG plans (Article 5,

Article 11)

National Committee on LCGG (Office of Prime Minister)

- Approval of National Strategy of LCGG - Monitoring and Evaluation of LCGG Implementation

Governance of Climate Actions in LCGG Framework

7

Governance of Climate Change Actions under FALCGG*

*Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth(2010)

Office of Prime Minister - Establishment of 5 year Climate Change Action Plan

Central Government (Ministries) - 5 year Mitigation Planning - National GHG Inventory - GHG Emission Roadmaps

- (national, sectoral) - Emission Trading System

- Target Management System - Support to local mitigation actions

MITIGATION

Metropolitan Cities, Provinces (voluntary)

- Low Carbon Strategy and Roadmap - Local GHG Inventory

- Local programmes and projects

Central Government (MOE Korea) - 5 year Adaptation Planning

- Sectoral Adaptation Programmes - Support to local adaptation actions

- monitoring

Metropolitan Cities, Provinces (mandatory)

- 5 year local adaptation plan of actions - implementation of local actions

- self-evaluation and performance report

ADAPATION

reporting support

8

Local Climate Actions are supported by public think-tank specialized in

climate change policy development and planning

Mitigation: GIR, KECO with Local CC Research Centers

Adaptation: KEI/KACCC with Local CC Research Centers

Local Climate Actions in 3 tiers Administrative Structure

_ 243 basic governance units in 17 Metropolitans and Provinces

Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth (April, 2010)

Article 48 (Assessment of Impacts of Climate Change and

Implementation of Measures for Adaptation)

(4) The Government shall exert itself preferentially for preventive management to reduce damage that may be caused by climate change and shall establish and implement countermeasures for mitigating impacts of climate change or for coping with health and natural disasters, as prescribed by Presidential Decree.

(5) The Government may provide citizens and business entities, who conduct activities in response to measures for adaptation, with technical and financial support as may be necessary.

(3) The Government shall research and assess impacts of climate change on ecosystem, biodiversity, atmosphere, water resources, water quality, public health, agricultural produce, fishery products, foodstuffs, forest, oceans, industries, and prevention of disasters and weakness therein and shall announce results therefrom to the public.

9

10

* In December 2012, the 1st National Climate Change Adaptation Plan was revised based on impact analysis with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP)scenario, which is used in the 5thIPCC Assessment Report.

Vision

Periods

To build safe society and support green growth through climate change adaptation

2009-2030 (22years) 2011-2015 (5years) 2016-2020 (5years)

Implementing Ministries

13 ministries 20 ministries

Features

• The first nation-wide official master plan for responding to climate change

• Suggest a national vision and directions toward adaptation policy

• Key action plan for low-carbon green growth, which is the national long-term vision

• Develop key indicators for climate change adaptation

• Suggest an adaptation plan to achieve a long-term vision

• Limited to the effects for climate change adaptation

• Prepare a plan based on existing adaptation issues

• Regular monitoring of the implementation status

• Differentiate mid and long-term goals for climate change adaptation at the national level

• Aim at creating co-benefits of mitigation and adaptation

• Harness science-based approach with impact and risk assessment of climate change

• Enhance monitoring on climate change impact and integrated performance assessment

<Key Changes>

National Climate Change Adaptation Master Plan

(2008.12)

1st National Climate Change Adaptation Plan* (2010.10)

2nd National Climate Change Adaptation Plan

(2015.12)

11

12

Vision

Goal

Pathways towards Safe and Happy Society for the Public through Climate Change Adaptation

Implement-ing Basis

Active Public Participation

Policy Sector

Principles

Climate Change Risk Reduction and Opportunity Realization

Integrated Approach

Science-based Measures

Climate Resilience for the Vulnerable

Sustainable Development

Science-Based Risk

Assessment

• Establishing monitoring & prediction system on

climate change

• Developing Korean climate scenario

• Monitoring on climate impact

• Conducting vulnerability assessment &

risk assessment

• Providing integrated information system

Building a Safe Society

• Reporting the vulnerable to the climate

change

• Preventing and controlling public health

threat

• Managing the vulnerable areas and

facilities

• Responding to climate disaster

Strengthening

Competitiveness of the

Industrial Sector

• Enhancing adaptive capacity in industrial

sectors

• Building a foundation of adaptation

infrastructure

• Developing climate change adaptation

technologies

• Supporting Foreign Market Entry

Sustainable Natural

Resources Management

• Securing biodiversity

• Managing climate change risk for ecosystem

• Restoring ecosystem and managing

habitats

Building an

Internal/External

Implementing Basis

• Strengthening effectiveness of adaptation

policies

• Promoting local-level adaptation activities

• Enhancing international cooperation

• Promoting public relations and education

on adaptation

13

14

15

1st National Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2nd National Climate Change Adaptation Plan

Composed in 9 areas and 67 detailed projects Integrated adaptation system by sectors; Economic, social , environment

Broad and long term visions and plans limited to adaptation measures

Mid-longterm & short-term goals for CC adaptation at the national level

Identified and implemented adaptation measures only

Considered the co-benefits of mitigation and adaptation of CC

Prioritized the adaptation measures mainstreamed in evolved ministries

CC impacts & risks evaluated for policies to be science proof and reflect the public demands

Suggested sectoral adaptation measures without priority

Set the priority of sectoral adaptation measures and key strategies

Secured the correlation with the govt keynote and higher-level plans

Secured the consistent direction with the value of policies by setting the adaptation principles

Regularly checked the implementation of adaptation measures

Strengthened the Monitoring and Evaluation system

16

• Target: 341 projects of the 2nd NAP (based on the 87 prioritized climate change risks)

• Evaluation Points: Timeliness and effectiveness of the projects, Perspectives of the public

• Methodology: Quantitative and qualitative methods including perception surveys

Result Close connectivity needed between the identified risks and projects

Possibility of reducing the 87 risks: 70%

Need to strengthen the adaptation platform and its governance

Mainstreaming of policy awareness needed (from government to the

general public)

17

18

• (Title) Local Adaptation Action Plan

• (Legal Basis) Article 38 Clause 2 of the ‘Enforcement Decree of Framework Act on

Low Carbon, Green Growth’

• (Establishing Entities) Regional(Metropolitan Cities/Do) and municipal(Si/Gun/Gu)

governments

• (Period / Spatial scale) 5-year / Administrative district

• (Description) Comprehensive measures including directions and strategies for the

changes by climate change and adaption sector-specific action plans.

1st Adaptation Plans at local governments

2nd Adaptation Plans at local governments

19

Current Status

• (Title) Support for the key public corporations and organizations managing

infrastructure

• (Establishing Entities) Public corporations and organizations

• (Description)

- Support the initiation of the legislation of public sector climate change adaptation

reporting

- Enhancement of adaptation reporting system and improvement of its effectiveness

- Strengthen the effectiveness of public institution's policy enforcement

- Enhance awareness of adaptation capacity of public institutions and adaptation to

climate change

20

• (Title) Support program for the private company’s adaptation to climate change.

• (Sector/ Establishing Entities) Private companies

• (Projects)

- Establishment of guidelines on adaptation measures

- Promotion of education and to strengthen adaptation capacity for climate change

- Customized consultation on adaptation and climate risks strategies

CRAS (Climate Change Risk Assessment System)

Based on each corps.’ financial statements, the

diagnostic system identifies, analyzes and

evaluates the potential risks and derives the

required stage of management and its priorities.

The outcome risks are converted into the

amount of costs(money) expected.

21

22

• Comprehensive Policy Framework

- Korea is one of the few countries of which climate change adaptation plans are

initiated at all levels, including the national &local governments and public,

private sectors.

- The National Climate Change Adaptation Plan also covers a wide range of related

sectors including water, agriculture, etc

23

• Designated Organization for Adaptation

- Support nationwide climate change adaptation policies development and

implementation

- Establish and manage global and regional climate change adaptation

networks

- Develop climate change vulnerability and risk assessment frameworks and

tools

- Raise public awareness of climate change adaptation

Main roles of KACCC

Korea Adaptation Center for Climate Change

- KACCC was established on July 1, 2009, based on MOE Instruction No. 850

- The items on the operation of KACCC was legalized by “the Clean Air

Conservation Act” (revised on May, 2012)

- The center collaborates closely with the Ministry of Environment

24

• Rolling Plan

- Period oriented planning which helps to control and solve challenges with uncertainties

- In consideration of the characteristics of Climate Change and Korea’s structural system,

regularly checking and modifying the system has chosen to be the most suitable

method.

25

• Mainstreaming Adaptation Policies for the Transition to -Climate-Safe Society

• (Strengthening the evaluation system)

- (Pre-Evaluation) Pre-evaluation system of adaptation factor, Internalization of

adaptation policy

- (Implementation Evaluation) Input focused→ Impact focused

• (Open Information/Facilitate Implementation) Reviewing the announcements of the

outcome per steps on the vulnerability assessments to promote voluntary climate

change adaptation efforts in all socio-economic sectors *

* expert liability review-> pre announcement and feedback for local govts-> announcement per

issues (heatwaves, coldwave)

• (Accelerate Performance) Dig and push on participatory CC adaptation flagship

projects for the visualization of the policy achievement

* Climate Safety City Project(since 2019: The Packaging of individual projects to cope with

climate change, total support project to the selected city)

26

• Enhancing participation of CC adaption agencies

• (MoE) Focused on promoting interest and facilitating implementation through

strengthening evaluation, feedback and provision of the participation of the civil

society & improvement of research conditions of research institutions

• (Research Institutes) Build a governance platform between the national govt &

regional research institutes- enhance policy development and monitoring and

evaluation roles

• (Ministries and local govts) Highlight the roles of policy initiating agencies on each

CC adaption sectors

* extend the implementation monitoring, announcement of vulnerability indicators, etc

• (Civil Society) Take part as a major participant in the policy finding/ initiation

(including education and PR) evaluation/ feedback process

27

• The 3rd National Climate Change Adaptation Plan

- The climate change risk assessment is being conducted, and the national climate

change risk list will be completed this year.

- The 3rd National Climate Change Adaptation Plan will be developed in 2020.

28

Regional variation of climate risk _ Physical, Biological, Human risks (IPCC AR5 2014 SPM)

29

Urgent Call for Regionally Coordinated Local Climate Resilience approach _ Present, Near term(-2040), Long term(-2100, 2℃ and 4℃ )

30

HEAT WAVES DISTRIBUTION

_ TOP 3 IMPACTS IN 2℃ SCENARIO(GCOM)

Impact Adapted Regional and Local solutions for Public Health, Energy, Biodiversity and Others…

Food production(AR5)

_Change in catch potential (2051-2060 compared to 2001-2010)

31

-21to -50%

-6 to -50%

Global and Regional Solutions to the coastal fish stock deplete and migration due to marine ecosystem change.

Early Warning System in Agriculture Sector

32

Farm Land overlaid in Temperature Map

33

Farm and orchard boundaries overlaid on the fine resolution temperature map

after scaling down of weather data using geospatial climatology technique

Risk Assessment and Development of Counter Measures

34

Frost damage by blocking cold air

Frost safety by passing cold air

While climate extremes take place on many scales, impacts are experienced

locally and mitigation tools are a function of local conditions.

It’s the matter of the right information to the right people at the right time in

the right place with personalize information.

Urban Carbon & Climate Management System

35

Solar Integrated Farming System _ Pioneering Farmers

36

Solar Integrated Farming System _ Namdong Power Co.

37

Village/Household DC or Combined Smart Grids with ESS

38

Solar Integrated Farming System

39

Village/Household DC or Combined Smart Grids with ESS

40

41