KNOWLEDGE ORGANISERS

Y10 Spring Term 2

Contents:

English German

Mathematics Spanish

Biology BTEC Sport

Chemistry Art

Physics Photography

History Art and Design: Textiles

Geography IMedia

RE and Philosophy Hospitality and Catering

French

PLOT SUMMARY ACT 1

Macbeth is introduced as a hero but we are reminded that ‘fair is foul’. He and Banquo are prophesised great things. He is honoured by Duncan and shares all his news with his wife in a letter.

PLOT SUMMARY ACT 2 The Macbeths plan and murder Duncan. Malcolm and Donalbain flee.

PLOT SUMMARY ACT 3 Macbeth hires murderers to kill Banquo and Fleance despite his guilt over Duncan. He sees Banquo’s ghost. Hecate is angry that Macbeth met the witches without her and plots to destroy him. Lennox suspects Macbeth and learns that Malcolm and Macduff are in England raising an army. Macbeth acts independently of his wife. Scotland is in chaos.

PLOT SUMMARY ACT 4

Macbeth visits the Witches and they summon 3 apparitions. Each makes a different prophecy about Macbeth’s future. Macbeth decides to kill Macduff. Lady Macduff and her children are murdered. Macduff is in England to persuade Malcolm to come back to Scotland. Malcolm tests Macduff’s loyalty and then Macduff learns of the murders of his family. He expresses his grief and is then set on revenge. Lady Macbeth is absent from this act as Macbeth distances himself.

PLOT SUMMARY ACT 5

A doctor and gentlewoman watch Lady Macbeth as she sleepwalks. The Scottish Thanes discuss the arrival of the English army. Macbeth hears about the army but is unafraid due to the 3 apparitions. The doctor tells Macbeth that he cannot cure LM of her disease. The English organise themselves for battle. Malcolm, Macduff and Siward discuss rumours of Macbeth’s soldiers abandoning him. Macbeth learns that Lady Macbeth has died and that Birnam Wood is coming to Dunsinane. Malcolm orders his soldiers to discard their branches and reveal themselves. They attack. Macbeth fights and kills Young Siward, Macduff seeks out Macbeth. Siward discovers that Macbeth has killed his son but he is happy that his son died bravely. From off stage, Macduff enters with Macbeth’s head. Malcolm is made king and he rewards all those who fought with him.

Y10 English Macbeth - Thane of Glamis and our tragic hero, his fatal flaw is his ambition Lady Macbeth - his wife and a master manipulator. She is unusually powerful for het time but consumed by guilt Banquo - Macbeth’s best friend who is also prophesised greatness but does not act Fleance - Banquo’s son who will become king after the events of the play Duncan - the good King of Scotland who is murdered by Macbeth, his cousin Malcolm - Duncan’s eldest son and heir. He raises an army in England Donalbain - youngest son of Duncan who flees to Ireland Macduff – Thane of Fife who is loyal to Scotland and kills Macbeth at the end of the play Lady Macduff - his wife who is slaughtered by Macbeth’s murderers along with her children Ross & Lennox Scottish noblemen The Witches - supernatural beings who trick Macbeth with their prophecies Hecate ruler of the witches

Key Themes

• Appearance & Reality (A&R)

• Ambition (A)

• Gender (G)

• Kingship & the Elizabethan World Order (KENO)

• The Supernatural (S)

• Fate (F)

• Guilt (G)

• Violence (V)

Shakespeare’s Language, Technique and Symbols Audience Stage directions

• Soliloquy – character alone on stage speaks thoughts to audience

• Aside - a remark in a play that is intended to be heard by audience but no other characters

• Rhyming Couplets - 2 lines written in iambic pentameter that end in same sound

• Dramatic Irony - when the audience has more knowledge than a character

• Symbolism - the use of symbols to signify ideas (recurring motifs)

‘Macbeth’ by William

Shakespeare

Julie has seven coins in her pocket,

three £1 coins and four €1 coins. She

picks a coin at random from her

pocket, keeps it out and then picks

another coin at random.

The probability of two £1 coins will be 3

7×

2

6=

6

42

The probability of one of each coin

will be 3

7×

4

6+

4

7×

3

6=

12

42+

12

42=

24

42

Y10 Mathematics Foundation

Two events

A sample space diagram shows all possible outcomes. You can use it to

find a theoretical probability.

Tree diagrams

Two events are independent when the results of one do

not affect the results of the other.

When the outcome of one event changes the possible outcomes

of the next event, the two events are not independent. Write your answers as fractions or decimals.

Probability = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

If the probability of an event happening is P, then the

probability of it not happening is 1 – P.

Events are mutually exclusive when they cannot happen at

the same time.

Events are exhaustive if they include all possible outcomes.

The probabilities of an exhaustive set of mutually exclusive

events sum to 1.

Estimating a number of outcomes = probability x number of

trials.

Calculating probability

These brackets { } show a

set of values.

means ‘is an element of’.

A {even numbers} means

‘A is in the set of even

numbers’.

An element is a ‘member of

a set’.

means the universal set –

all the elements being

considered.

Venn diagrams

Estimated probability can be called relative frequency

or experimental probability.

Estimated probability = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

Relative frequency = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠

Experimental probability Trigonometry

Y10 Foundation Maths For additional revision see Corbettmaths

Y10 Mathematics Higher

Y10 Biology

Antigens

Y10 Chemistry

Y10 Physics

Revolution in

surgery • James Simpson developed effective anaesthetics in 1847 solving the problem of pain. Simpson was Professor of Midwifery at Edinburgh

University. He used ETHER as an anaesthetic (pain relief) but wanted to discover a more effective method.

• In 1847, Simpson discovered CHLOROFORM was an effective anaesthetic after experimenting with friends.

• Simpson quickly used chloroform during childbirth and other operations. Simpson wrote articles encouraging other surgeons to use it. He

argued that chloroform allowed surgeons to do longer or more complex operations.

• Chloroform was not accepted by everyone until Queen Victoria used it during childbirth in 1853. She later ‘blessed’ the drug.

• Some students stopped using chloroform by 1870 because it did not reduce mortality (death) rates. Longer operations led to increased blood

loss and deeper infections. It was also hard for an accurate dose to be given.

Antiseptic

surgery • In 1867 Joseph Lister developed antiseptic surgery. After reading about the Germ Theory, Lister experimented with carbolic acid spray to

reduce infection during surgery. Mortality rates (deaths) fell from 46% (in 1847) to 15% (by 1870).

• In 1870 Lister started to sterilise his operating room and patients’ wounds with carbolic acid. In 1871 Lister invented a machine to

automatically spray his operating room with carbolic acid. In 1877 Lister started to train British surgeons in London and in 1880 Lister started

to use sterilised catgut for internal stitches.

• Lister’s methods were not accepted by everyone because carbolic spray slowed operations, it made operating conditions unpleasant and

some surgeons were not careful so did not have the same success as Lister.

Louis Pasteur

and Germ

Theory

• In 1861 Louis Pasteur’s Germ Theory showed the link between dirt and disease. Pasteur’ work was a major breakthrough in microbiology

(the branch of science that deals with microorganisms). Using Jenner’s work on vaccination, Pasteur experimented and developed new

vaccinations (including vaccines for chicken cholera and rabies). Inspired by Pasteur, Joseph Lister successfully used antiseptics to reduce

infection during and after surgery.

Robert Koch

• Koch helped identify specific bacteria which caused disease. Koch found a way to stain bacteria, making them easier to identify under a

microscope. It allowed him to link specific germs to specific disease. Koch identified the causes of Britain’s major killers, including diphtheria

and typhoid. Fewer people died. His technique allowed other scientists to do their own microbe hunting.

Paul Ehrlich • Ehrlich created the first chemical treatment, changing the way disease was treated. Ehrlich used scientific experiments to recognise and treat

disease. In 1910, he created Salvarsan 606. This chemical killed germs causing syphilis (a common sexually transmitted disease in Britain at the

time). Salvarsan 606 only targeted the specific germ that caused syphilis. This was a major breakthrough in treatments.

New

techniques in

surgery

• In 1881 Charles Chamberland invented the steam steriliser for medical instruments. This removed the need for carbolic acid and increased

surgery survival rates. Few surgeons used it due to the time it took and the cost.

• In 1886, Gustav Neuber started using aseptic surgery, this is when all possible germs are removed from the operating theatre. He built on

Lister’s ideas and aided by Koch’s discovery of the bacterium which caused septicaemia.

• In the 1890s Berkeley Moyniham became the first surgeon in Britain to wear surgical gloves and to change into sterile white garments for

surgery.

New

technology

for diagnosis

• The stethoscope was invented in Paris in 1816 and became common from 1850. It enabled doctors to hear the internal workings of the body

and assess a patient’s health more precisely. The X-ray machine was invented in 1895. This allowed surgeons to see bones and assess

patients’ illnesses more accurately. Another important breakthrough was thermometers. These gave doctors accurate records of patients’

temperatures.

Y10 History

Y10 Geography

What are the features of retail in the UK Cities?

Key Terms:

• Convenience Goods – Items bought regularly (e.g. bread and milk).

• Comparison Goods – Items bought less often (e.g. washing machines)

• Catchment Area – The area a shop attracts its customers.

Features of retail outlets:

CBD:

• Large Department Stores – comparison goods • Good Access – transport routes • Limited space for parking – expensive • Large catchment area / large range

Out of Town Retail Parks:

• Large Department Stores – comparison goods • Good Access – transport routes • Space for Parking – cheap • Large catchment area / large range

Local corner Shop:

• Newsagents – convenience goods • Convenient for locals • Small catchment area / small range

What are the impacts of Out of Town Shopping?

Positive:

• Cheaper prices compared to smaller shops allowing people to save money

• Free parking as land is less expensive so no city center parking difficulties.

• Creates jobs meaning more money in economy to improve local services

Negative:

• More traffic meaning more air pollution caused by cars

• City center shops close as they can't compete meaning loss of jobs.

• Views from homes spoilt by huge building house price lowered

Strategies to improve town centers

Negative

Multiplier

Effect

Key Ideas

Worship + Prayer

Liturgical Worship - This form of worship takes place in a church and is led by a priest - Formal, set prayers are read out - A more traditional, and formal form of worship

Prayer - Prayer means communicating with God, either silently or out loud, sometimes through song - It is one of the most important parts of the spiritual life of a Christian and enables them to have a personal relationship with God - Intercessions are prayers made on behalf of others - Thanksgiving is when people pray to say thank you to God - Set prayers are written down and used in liturgical worship - Informal prayer is off-the-cuff and often used in non-liturgical worship

Non-liturgical Worship - Also takes place in a church but less formal - No set prayers, instead people take turns to preach and read from the Bible - Can be modern and appealing to young people

Eucharist + Baptism

Eucharist - Eucharist and baptism are both sacraments meaning special occasions in a Christian’s life - In Eucharist a priest consecrates (blesses) bread and wine and the congregation then receives these - Catholics believe the Holy Spirit transforms the bread and wine into Jesus’ body and blood - Anglicans believe the bread and wine are symbolic - Christians take part in this ritual in order to remember the sacrifice Jesus Christ made for them by being crucified on the cross “For whenever you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes” – 1 Corinthians 11:26

Infant Baptism - This is a formal service welcoming a new child into the Christian church - Holy water is sprinkled over the baby’s head - All Catholics baptise their children close to birth in order to ensure they go to heaven

Believer’s Baptism - A believer’s baptism welcomes someone into the church who is old enough to decide themselves - They are submerged in a pool of holy water - They make promises to stay away from evil - Baptists only practice this type of baptism

Pilgrimage + Festivals

Pilgrimage - A pilgrimage is a journey made by a Christian to a holy site - Catholics go on pilgrimage to Lourdes where a vision of Mary was once seen, they believe the water there has healing effects

Christmas - Christmas celebrates the incarnation (birth) of Jesus Christ - Christians give gifts to commemorate the gift of God sending his own son to the world

Easter - Easter celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ - Christians celebrate by saying “he is risen” and by eating chocolate eggs that represent new life

Evangelism + Church in the Community

Christians have a duty to evangelise (tell others of the word of God). An example is the Alpha Course which is an educational course that tells people more about the life of Jesus.

Christians also have a duty to help others in the local community. Two examples of this are Street Pastors who help drunk people at night and Food Banks that provide food to people in poverty.

Reconciliation - Christians across the world play an important role in reconciliation (seeking to restore friendly relations after a conflict or falling out) - An example is Coventry Cathedral which was bombed during World War II but now seeks to create peace and reconciliation elsewhere in the world. The World Council of Churches also works to help after conflict. - In some places Christians face persecution where they are treated badly for their faith. Churches around the world work together to try and overcome this.

Y10 RE and Philosophy

Y10 French

Y10 German

Y10 Spanish

What are the Components of PHYSICAL fitness?

• Body Composition

• Flexibility

• Muscular Endurance

• Muscular Strength

• Aerobic Endurance

• Speed

What are the Components of SKILLS RELATED fitness?

• Power

• Co-ordination

• Balance

• Reaction Time

• Agility

Name all of the methods we can use to measure heart rate

• Borg’s RPE Scale

• Heart Rate Monitor

• Radial Pulse

What is the % target zone for aerobic development (cardiovascular health improvement)

• 60-85%

Which fitness test measures Flexibility?

• Sit and Reach Test

Which fitness test measures Muscular Strength?

• Grip Dynamometer Test

What is your maximum heart rate?

• 220-??

What are the 4 BASIC principles of training?

• Frequency

• Intensity

• Time

• Type

What are the 4 methods of training are classed as Aerobic Endurance training?

• Continuous Training

• Fartlek Training

• Interval Training

• Circuit Training

Which fitness test measures Speed?

• 35m Sprint Test

Which fitness tests measure Aerobic Endurance (Cardiovascular Endurance)

• Multi Stage Fitness Test

• Forestry Step Test

What 3 methods of training are classed as Flexibility training?

• Static Stretching

• Ballistic Stretching

• PNF Stretching

What are the 3 methods of training classed as Speed Training?

• Hollow Sprints

• Acceleration Sprints

• Interval Training

What are the 3 methods of training are classed as Strength, Muscular Endurance and Power training?

• Circuit Training

• Free Weights

• Plyometric

What are the 4 advantages of circuit training? • Can be tailored to sports/athletes

• No specialist equipment needed

• Can develop strength, power and endurance

• Can include a variety of exercises

Which fitness test measures Power?

• Vertical Jump Test

State one characteristic of plyometric training

• Bounding/Jumping/Leaping

What does the term VALIDTY mean when fitness testing?

• The accuracy of the fitness test results.

What does the term RELIABILITY mean when fitness testing?

• The test results obtained must be consistent. If you were to carry out the same test using the same conditions and environment you would get the same results

What does the term PRACTICALITY mean when fitness testing?

• How easy it is to carry out the test in terms of the costs involved, time available and equipment requirements

Y10 BTEC Sport What are 3 advantages of PNF Stretching? • Little/no cost of equipment

• Develops mobility and flexibility

• Stops the stretch reflex

allowing a greater stretch

Which fitness test measures Agility?

• Illinois Agility Test

Which fitness tests measure Muscular Endurance?

• One min press up test

• One min sit up test

Y10 Art

Asking Artistic question?

Practice the use of these words by asking

the following questions about your Art

work or the work of others?

Composition: How is the space used? Does

the image fill the canvas/paper?

Light: highlighted areas? Shadows? Time of

day? Natural light or artificial? Harsh or

soft? Reflected or direct? Abstract?

Line: are there any lines that are

prominent? Are they straight, curvy, thin or

thick? Do the lines create direction? Do they

outline? Do the lines show movement or

energy?

Repetition: are there any objects, shapes

or lines which repeat and create a pattern?

Shape: do you see geometric or organic

shapes? What are they?

Space: positive or negative? Is there a

depth to the work?

Texture: smooth or rough? Does the work

give the impression of texture?

Tone: is there a range of tones from dark

to light? Where is the darkest? Where is

the lightest?

Watch and learn.

https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/subjects/z6hs34j

Key Vocabulary.

Bleeding:-Describes the action of one colour running into another. Most applicable to watercolour where a second or third colour can be dropped onto an already applied wash while wet. Brief:-A designer's brief, or creative brief, is what a client will give to a designer to help them come up with a creative solution or set of concepts.

Brushwork:-Refers to the way paint is applied in a painting, describing texture of the paint surface applied with a brush. Collage:-Describes both the technique and the resulting work of art in which pieces of paper, photographs, fabric and other materials are arranged and

stuck down onto a supporting surface. Colour wash:-A term used to describe the transparent layers of colour in a watercolour. Complementary colours:-Red and green, yellow and purple, blue and orange.

These colours lie opposite each other on the colour wheel. Composition:-The arrangement of elements within a work of art. Contrast:-The difference in colour found between the light and dark parts of an image. Cross hatching:-Mark making technique using crisscrossed lines which are

used to build up shadow and tone. They can be created using crisscrossed hand or machine stitches as well as 2D media. Drawing:-A technique in which images are created on a surface using lines and other marks. Drawings may also consist of areas of tone, washes and

other non-linear marks. Drawing activity should fulfil a purpose or a need, rather than demonstrate technical mastery. Drawing might, therefore, take many different forms as it features in the creative journey undertaken. Form:-In relation to art the term form has two meanings: it can refer to the overall form taken by the work – its physical nature; or within a work of art

it can refer to the element of shape among the various elements that make up a work. Exaggerated:-Enlarged or altered beyond normal proportions. Exaggeration could be seen in overstating the features of a subject or in overemphasising

the colour or surface of an image or artefact. Media (in art):-Refers to the materials you use to create your art. Mixed media is artwork in the making of which more than one medium has been employed. Primary colours:-Any hue that, in theory, cannot be created by a mixture of

any other hues. Varying combinations of the primary hues can be used to create all the other hues of the spectrum. In pigment the primaries are red, yellow, and blue. Secondary colours:-A hue created by combining two primary colours, as

yellow and blue mixed together yield green. In pigment the secondary colours are orange, green, and violet. Style:-Style may refer to the visual appearance of a work of art that relates it to other works by artists from a particular genre, or "school", art

movement or culture (for example, an impressionist style). Style can also mean the way you have made your work (for example, an expressive style). Tone:-The lightness or darkness of something – this could be a shade, or how dark or light a colour appears.

Pinterest is a great way to collect the

work of individual Artists, themes or

cultures. These images can motivate you

and help formulate the kinds of imagery

& art that you enjoy and are inspired by.

Task: Create your own Pinterest boards

on your own favourite artists, cultures

and inspirations.

Y10 Photography

Key Vocabulary. Abstract: an image that emphasises the formal elements (line, shape, tone, pattern, texture, colour) rather than specific, recognisable objects. Content: the subject, topic or information captured in a photograph. Direct approach: confronting a scene in a straight- forward manner, without using unusual angles or distortion.

Expressive: concerned with communicating emotion. Geometric shape: shapes found in geometry, such as circles, squares, triangles, etc. Intention: reason(s) why the photographer made a particular image. Organic shape: shapes based on natural objects such as plants, pods, leaves, etc. Representational: an image which shows recognisable objects, not abstract. Subject: the main object or person(s) in a photograph. Theme: dominant idea in a work of art or a collection of works. Composition: the arrangement or structure of the elements that make up an image. Central focus: the objects(s) which appears most prominently and/or most clearly focused in a photograph. Vantage Point: the place from which a photographer takes a photograph. Angle: the vantage point from which the photograph was taken; generally used when discussing a photograph taken from an unusual or exaggerated vantage point. Background: the part of a scene or picture that is or seems to be toward the back. Balance: the distribution of visual elements in a photograph. Symmetrical

balance distributes visual elements evenly in an image. Asymmetrical/balance is found when visual elements are not evenly distributed in an image. Contour: the outline of an object or shape. Contrast: strong visual differences between light and dark, varying textures, sizes, etc. Framing: what the photographer has placed within the boundaries of the photograph. Setting: actual physical surrounding or scenery whether real or artificial. Aperture: the opening through which light passes to reach the photographic film in a camera. Depth of field: the distance between the nearest and furthest parts of a photograph that are in clear focus. Emphasise: to give special attention to something or suggest that it has extra importance. Leading lines: lines within a composition which lead the viewer’s eye to the focal point and creates distance. Saturation: how strong or intense a hue or colour is.

Watch and learn.

https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/

guides/zgwpnbk/revision/1

Asking photographic

question?

Practice the use of these words by

asking the following questions about

your photography or the work of others?

Focus: what areas appear clearest or

sharpest in the photograph? What do not?

Light: highlighted areas? Shadows? Time

of day? Natural light or artificial? Harsh

or soft? Reflected or direct? Abstract?

Line: are there any lines that are

prominent? Are they straight, curvy, thin or

thick? Do the lines create direction in the

photograph? Do they outline? Do the lines

show movement or energy?

Repetition: are there any objects, shapes

or lines which repeat and create a

pattern?

Shape: do you see geometric or organic

shapes? What are they?

Space: positive or negative? Is there a

depth to the photograph?

Texture: smooth or rough? Does the

photograph give the impression of

texture?

Tone: is there a range of tones from dark

to light? Where is the darkest? Where is

the lightest?

Pinterest is a great way to

collect the work of individual

photographers, themes or

cultures. These images can

motivate you and help

formulate the kinds of

photography that you enjoy

and are inspired by.

Task: Create your own Pinterest

boards on your own favourite

photographers, cultures and

inspirations.

Y10 Art and Design: Textiles

Y10 IMedia The Creative IMedia course consists of 2 compulsory Units, 1 of these being a written exam and 2 optional units.

We continue covering the knowledge required for R081 Pre Production Skills, one of the compulsory units.

Some of the Pre-Production Skills

(R081) covered Work Plans

Purpose of a work plan:

• Provide a timescale for the overall project to be completed

• To see the order of the tasks and to help to meet the deadlines

to keep it on schedule.

Content of a work plan:

• Tasks – Planning/pre-production then generating

the final production

• Activities – e.g. gathering assets, preparing

assets, constructing the main graphic, saving,

exporting in the required format.

• Time scale – amount of time a task is expected to

take

• Milestones – key dates when a section is

completed

• Deadlines – completion date.

• Resources – what is needed

• Contingencies – back up plan, extra time if

needed

Categories:

Age – need to be clear about the

age group. (E.G. 6-12, 12-18, 18-40,

40+)

Gender – male/female, trans-

gender, gender neutral

Location – local, national,

international (e.g. music event)

Ethnicity – background, culture,

race, religion, language

Income – Affects the type of product

but also where it is available from.

Accessibility – Hearing and sight

difficulties.

Content of Client Requirements?

• Product – What type of Media product?

• Purpose – inform, entertain, advertise, educate, promote?

• Content – text, images, logos etc. • Theme – Depends on the purpose • Style – May need to be kept in the

same style as the rest of a company’s products.

• Genre – action/adventure, romance, drama, puzzle, racing…….

• Target audience – Age range, genre, without discrimination.

• Timescales – deadline date. • Constraints – may have some

restrictions.

What is a Client Brief?

• Written Brief – a short statement of what’s needed.

• Script – for a short film or animation.

• Specification – More detailed, formal, signatures, dates and version numbers.

• Client Discussion – Where you ask the client questions.

CLIENT BRIEFS

Target Audience

Y10 Hospitality and Catering