Knowledge  and  Ins-tu-onal  Systems  in  the  Management  and  Coordina-on  of  Hydropower  

Social  Safeguards:    Hydropower  Development  in  A@apeu  Province,  Lao  

PDR.    

Ms. Damdouane Khouangvichit Associate Professor Department of History and Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences National University of Laos

Ms. Vanida Khouangvichit Graduate Student Project Assistant

Key  message  

“Inter-ational  safeg2ards  systems  do  not  always  capt2re  the  interests  of  women  and  marginalised  g8oups,  such  as  ethnic  minorities”    

Cases  of  Transmission  line  to  Pleiku  Vietnam,  Xekaman  1  Dam,  Xekong  3  Upper  Dam  (more  than  15  ethnic  minori?es)

 Low  level  of  Knowledge  of  affected  people  about  the  project  (TL)  

Villages  No   Yes  

Total  

N   %   N   %  

Hatxanh  89  

78.1   25   21.9   114  

Namxuan   15   68.2   7   31.8   22  

Phouyang   5   41.7   7   58.3   12  

Phoukeua   9   50.0   9   50.0   18  

Somboune   65   77.4   19   22.6   84  

Total  183  

73.2   67   26.8   250  

-  Unsuitable communication and consultation approaches

-  Weak and inadequate socio –economic surveys & SIA ( SIA as AHIA)

Ethnic groups and women out of information flow ….. )

“My wife does nothing” I: What does your wife do in her daily routine? R: My wife? Nothing, she just (1)looks after my parents,(2) looks

after children, (3) prepares food, (4)fetches water, (5)collects vegetables, (6) collects fire woods (7) and fishes small fish from river, and just does something here and there, like (8) cleaning the house, (9) feeding the chickens and ducks. That’s all. Nothing important.

I: How about you, what do you do ? R: Many things, cutting wood, repairing and constructing house when

needed, fishing, hunting …”

Name  of  Villages  Level  

Total  Higher   Same   Lower  Hardxanh  

7.89%   42.11%   50.00%   100.00%  Namxuan  

9.09%   31.82%   59.09%   100.00%  Phouyang  

25.00%   25.00%   50.00%   100.00%  Phoukeua  

16.67%   44.44%   38.89%   100.00%  Somboun  

20.24%   28.57%   51.19%   100.00%  Hindam    (  R)  

9.38%   25.00%   65.63%   100.00%  Donekhen  (  R)  

0.00%   22.22%   77.78%   100.00%  Navasaene  North  

0.00%   70.59%   29.41%   100.00%  Navasaene  Jatsane  (  R)  

13.79%   55.17%   31.03%   100.00%  Navakang  (R)  

8.70%   56.52%   34.78%   100.00%  Navasaene  South  

5.00%   55.00%   40.00%   100.00%  

 The  percep?on  toward    status  of    women  in  the  community  aKer  reseLlement  (  lowered  of  status  of  women  )  

Existing  Livelihood  System  

 Labor  and  income  source

Type of labor used  Transmission

line  Xekaman 1   Xekong 3  

Number  of  labor     Rank  Number  of  

labor    Rank  

Number  of  labor    

Rank  

Swidden cultivation   541 1   125 1 245 1  NTFP   432 2   47 3 132 3  Lowland cultivation   349 3   0 141 2  Gold panning   281 4   1 8 61 5  Tree plantation   105 5   13 5 14 9  Fishing   82 6   40 4 102 4  Hunting   81 7   13 5 1 11  Gardening   57 8   13 5 47 6  Wage labor   53 9   49 2 22 8  Commerce/trade   44 10   0 3 10  Livestock   27 11   1 8 23 7  

Total   2052 302 791

•  Tightly attached to the culture and beliefs •  Transition from natural resources and agriculturally-

based livelihoods to wage labor Adaptation ???

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How to get impacted ethnic minorities and

women involved in the procedure of

social safeguards sequences ? What type of

approaches can be used?

Issues to be answered ???