kmu 314 -‐ kmu 413 – kmu 446 biotechnology i, ii, iii package p
TRANSCRIPT
KMU 314 -‐ KMU 413 – KMU 446 Biotechnology I, II, III
Package Program Presenta>on
Prof. Yesim Sag Acikel
Hace4epe University Department of Chemical Engineering
January 11th, 2011
Biotechnology
The United NaHons ConvenHon on Biological Diversity defines biotechnology as...
«Any technological applicaHon that uses biological systems, living organisms, or
derivaHves thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use»
Biotechnology
Biotechnology draws on the pure biological sciences geneHcs, microbiology, animal cell culture, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology)
and
methods from outside the sphere of biology
(chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, informaHon technology, bioroboHcs)
Biotechnology bioinformaH
cs
blue
biotechn
ology
green
biotechn
ology
red
biotechn
ology
White
biotechn
ology
BioinformaHcs is an interdisciplinary field which addresses biological problems using computaHonal techniques, and makes the rapid
organizaHon and analysis of biological data possible.
The field may also be referred to as computaHonal biology, and can be defined as, "conceptualizing biology in terms of molecules and then applying informaHcs techniques to understand and organize the informaHon associated with these molecules, on a large scale.
BioinformaHcs plays a key role in various areas, such as funcHonal genomics, structural genomics, and proteomics, and forms a key component in the biotechnology and pharmaceuHcal sector.
Blue Biotechnology
Blue biotechnology is a term that has been used to describe the marine and aquaHc applicaHons of biotechnology, but its use is relaHvely rare.
Green Biotechnology Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. An example would be the selecHon and domesHcaHon of plants via micropropagaHon. Another example is the designing of transgenic plants to grow under specific environments in the presence (or absence) of chemicals.
Red Biotechnology
Red biotechnology is applied to medical processes.
Some examples are the designing of organisms to produce anHbioHcs, and the engineering of geneHc cures through geneHc manipulaHon.
White Biotechnology White biotechnology, also known as industrial biotechnology, is biotechnology applied to industrial processes. An example is the designing of an organism to produce a useful chemical. Another example is the using of enzymes as industrial catalysts to either produce valuable chemicals or destroy hazardous/polluHng chemicals.
Many words have been used to describe engineers working with biotechnology
Biological engineering, biotechnological engineering or
bioengineering (including biological systems engineering) is the
applicaHon of concepts and methods of physics and mathemaHcs to solve problems in life sciences, using engineering's own analyHcal and syntheHcal
methodologies.
Bioengineering
Bioengineering is a broad Htle and would include work on medical and agricultural systems; its pracHHoners include agricultural, electrical, mechanical, industrial,
environmental and chemical engineers.
Biological engineering emphasizes applicaHons to plants and animals.
Biomedical Engineering Biomedical engineering is the applicaHon of engineering principles and techniques to the
medical field.
Prominent biomedical engineering applicaHons include the development of biocompaHble
prostheses, various diagnosHc and therapeuHc medical devices ranging from clinical equipment to micro-‐implants, common imaging equipment such
as MRIs and EEGs, biotechnologies such as regeneraHve Hssue growth, and pharmaceuHcal
drugs and biopharmaceuHcals.
Formal Defini>on
ABET, the U.S. based accreditaHon board for engineering B.S. programs, makes a disHncHon between Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; however, the differences are quite small. Biomedical engineers must have life science courses that include human physiology and have experience in performing measurements on living systems while biological engineers must have life science courses (which may or may not include physiology) and experience in making measurements not specifically on living systems.
Biochemical Engineering
Biochemical engineering is the extension of chemical engineering principles to systems using a biological catalyst to bring about desired chemical transformaHons
It is subdivided into bioreacHon engineering and bioseparaHons
Biomolecular Engineering
Biomolecular engineering is the research at the
interface of biology and chemical engineering and is focused at the
molecular level
Bioprocess Engineering
Bioprocess engineering would include the work of mechanical,
electrical, and industrial engineers to apply the principles of their
disciplines to processes based on using living cells or subcomponents
of such cells.
Principles from these disciplines can be uHlized in the soluHon of the problems of detailed equipment
design, sensor development, control algorithms, and manufacturing
strategies.
What’s on Our Biotechnology Package?
In this biotechnology package, we will focus on the applicaHon
of chemical engineering principles to systems containing
biological catalysts, microorganisms and enzymes.
Courses
KMU 314 -‐ Biotechnology I
• Introduc>on to biotechnology • Biochemicals and their func>ons in living systems
lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins, nucleo3de, RNA and DNA, and hybrid biochemicals
• Enzymes introducHon to biocatalysts, enzyme kineHcs, influences of enzyme acHvity, enzyme deacHvaHon.
• Immobilized enzymes methods of immobilizaHon, mass transfer, and electrostaHc effects in immobilized enzyme systems. Some industrial applicaHons of free and immobilized enzymes
KMU 314 -‐ Biotechnology I
Objec>ves The course emphasizes fundamental principles of biotechnology, specializing on enzymes. The conclusive aim is to prepare a project for use in a real applicaHon site in the country.
Course Format
The course will consist of classroom instrucHon including lectures and problem solving sessions. The project and a short seminar (10 min) will be on the detailed invesHgaHon of an enzyme applicaHon in Turkey.
KMU 314 -‐ Biotechnology I • Hours and Credits à 3 0 3 • ECTS Credits à 5 • Course Status à ElecHve • Course Period à 1 semester
• Pre-‐requisites à None • Language à English
1 Midterm Exam à 25 % Semester Project à 25 % Final Exam à 50 %
KMU 314 -‐ Biotechnology I Text Book J. E. Bailey -‐D.F. Ollis, "Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals", 2nd EdiHon, McGraw – Hill Book Co.. New York, (1986)
Supplementary Books M. L. Shuler – F. Kargi, "Bioprocess Engineering", PrenHce Hall, New Jersey, 2nd EdiHon, (2001) A. Wiseman, "Handbook of Enzyme Biotechnology" , Ellis Honwood Ltd., Chister, (1975)
KMU 314 -‐ Biotechnology I
Lecture Topics 1 -‐ 3 IntroducHon: Introductory remarks, Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineer, Development of Biotechnology 4 -‐ 6 The Basics of Biology: Microbial Diversity, Viruses, ProHst Kingdom, Procaryotes, Archaebacteria, Eucaryotes 7 -‐ 8 Cell ConstrucHon, Amino Acids and Proteins, Carbohydrates: Mono and Polysaccharides 10 -‐ 12 Lipids, Fats, Steroids, Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA 13 -‐ 15 Cell Nutrients, Macronutrients, Micronutrients, Growth Media 16 -‐ 18 The enzymes, IntroducHon, How enzymes work
19 -‐ 21 Enzymes kineHcs, IntroducHon, MechanisHc models for simple enzyme kineHcs, The rapid equilibrium assumpHon, The quasi -‐ steady -‐ state asssumpHon
22 -‐ 24 MIDTERM
25 -‐ 27 The enzymes: IntroducHon, enzyme working mechanism, enzyme kineHcs, immobilized enzyme systems, Large scale producHon of enzymes, enzyme uHlizaHon in medicine and industry
28 -‐ 30 The enzymes: IntroducHon, enzyme working mechanism, enzyme kineHcs, immobilized enzyme systems, Large scale producHon of enzymes, enzyme uHlizaHon in medicine and industry
31 -‐ 33 Boundary -‐ layer flow and turbulence, Flow past immersed objects and packed and fluidized beds, Project Discussions
34 -‐ 36 Industrial enzymes and applicaHons 37 -‐ 39 Project final deliveries 40 -‐ 42 Project presentaHons
KMU 413 -‐ Biotechnology II Introduc>on to microbiology
the structure of cells, taxonomy, important cell types, and cell nutrients.
Kine>cs of microorganism growth and product forma>on batch, conHnuous and fed-‐batch culture kineHcs.
Stoichiometry of microbial growth and product forma>on elementary balances, degree of reducHon.
Some industrial applica>ons ProducHon of enzymes, organic acids, nucleoHdes, amino acids, anHbioHcs, and biopolymers.
Downstream processes for separa>on and purifica>on separaHon of insoluble products, cell disrupHon, separaHon of soluble products. Bioprocess economics: fine chemicals, fermentaHon process economics, an industrial producHon process.
KMU 413 -‐ Biotechnology II
Course Objec>ves
To understand the theoreHcal principles of biochemical engineering, and develop the quanHtaHve and analyHcal tools necessary perform bioprocess engineering projects with emphasis on engineering design of bioreactor systems as well as product separaHon and purificaHon processes.
KMU 413 -‐ Biotechnology II • Hours and Credits à 3 0 3 • ECTS Credits à 4 • Course Status à ElecHve • Course Period à 1 semester • Pre-‐requisites à None • Language à English
• 2 midterm examinaHons, weekly assignments and problem solving sessions à 40%
• 1 term paper and 1 Final examinaHon à 60 %
KMU 413 -‐ Biotechnology II
Text Book Michael L. Shuler and Fikret Kargi Bioprocess Engineering, Basic Concepts," 2nd EdiHon, PrenHce Hall, 2001
Supplementary Books
Atkinson, B., and F. Mavituna, (1991) ,2nd Ed Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Handbood, Macmillan Publishers, London Bailey and Ollis Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, 2nd Ed,McGraw-‐Hill, New York, 1986 H. Blanch and D. Clark Biochemical Engineering (1996), , Marcel Dekker, New York Jens Nielsen and John Villadsen (2003) 2nd Ed BioreacHon Engineering Principles,.Plenum Press, New York, NY
KMU 413 -‐ Biotechnology II Week Topics
1 IntroducHon to microbiology: the structure of cells, taxonomy, important cell types, and cell nutrients. The basics of biology: An engineer’s perspecHve. An overview of biological basics.
2 How cells grow: KineHcs of microorganism growth and product formaHon: Batch growth and quanHfying growth kineHcs.
3 How cells grow in conHnuous culture: IntroducHon and some specific devices for conHnuous culture.
4 Stoichiometry of microbial growth and product formaHon: elementary balances, degree of reducHon. 5 Midterm 1 6 OperaHng consideraHons for bioreactors for suspension and immobilized cultures. 7 Modifying batch and conHnuous reactors. 8 Immobilized cell systems. 9 Recovery and purificaHon of products: Strategies to recovery and purify products. 10 SeparaHon of insoluble products: FiltraHon, centrifugaHon, coagulaHon and flocculaHon. 11 Midterm 2
12 SeparaHon of soluble products: ExtracHon, precipitaHon, adsorpHon, dialysis, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltraHon, chromatography, electrophoresis, electro dialysis.
13 CrystallizaHon and drying.
14 Seminars Student Oral PresentaHon Topics (Seminars): Oral PresentaHons will be limited to 20 minutes for presentaHon and 10 minutes for quesHons (30 minutes in total).
KMU 446 -‐ Biotechnology III Metabolic pathway engineering
how cells work, major metabolic pathways, how cellular informaHon is altered.
Tissue engineering plant and mammalian cell cultures
Recombinant DNA technology restricHon endonucleases, plasmid cloning vectors, creaHng and screening a gene library, geneHc transformaHon of prokaryotes.
Protein engineering directed mutagenesis producers, increasing enzymaHc acHvity and modifying enzyme specificity.
Applica>on of gene>c engineering microbial synthesis of commercial products, molecular diagnosHcs, vaccines and therapeuHc agents, microbial insecHcides, proteins from recombinant microorganisms, waste treatment with geneHcally engineered microorganisms. Transgenic plants and animals and related applicaHons
KMU 446 -‐ Biotechnology III
Course Objec>ves
Building on the bioprocesses fundamentals gained in KMU 413, this module provides students with skills to apply chemical engineering principles to bioreactor design, downstream processing and overall bioprocess opHmizaHon.
The aim will be to impart an understanding of current developments in biotechnology and their industrial applicaHons which the students can build on later, with special reference to geneHc engineering, plant and animal cells, medical applicaHons and environmental biotechnology.
Business and legal aspects as well as public percepHons of biotechnology will be dealt with.
KMU 446 -‐ Biotechnology III • Hours and Credits à 3 0 3 • ECTS Credits à 4 • Course Status à ElecHve • Course Period à 1 semester • Pre-‐requisites à None • Language à English
2 midterm examinaHons, weekly assignments and problem solving sessions à 40 %
1 term paper and 1 Final examinaHon à 60 %
KMU 446 -‐ Biotechnology III
Text Book Michael L. Shuler and Fikret Kargi Bioprocess Engineering, Basic Concepts," 2nd EdiHon, PrenHce Hall, 2001
Supplementary Books Atkinson, B., and F. Mavituna, (1991) 2nd Ed Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Handbood, Macmillan Publishers, London Bailey and Ollis Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, 2nd Ed,McGraw-‐Hill, New York, 1986 H. Blanch and D. Clark Biochemical Engineering (1996), , Marcel Dekker, New York Jens Nielsen and John Villadsen (2003) 2nd Ed BioreacHon Engineering Principles,.Plenum Press, New York, NY
Research studies in our department
Biotechnology
Biochemical and Bioreactor Engineering
FermentaHon Technology
Bioprocess and Enzyme Engineering
Nano/Bio-‐technology
Biotechnology for Life Sciences
Biomedical Technologies
Biotechnology
Under Major Topic Environmental Biotechnology
Biological Wastewater Treatment
Soil BioremediaHon
BiosorpHon
BioaccumulaHon
BiodegredaHon
Microbial Leaching
Under Major Topic Environmental Biotechnology
Biofilm Engineering
BioseparaHon Process Engineering
Under Major Topic Environmental Biotechnology
Other Novel Biotechnological Techniques
Tissue Engineering
Animal and Plant Cell Biotechnology
Biopolymers ProducHon
Biomaterials ProducHon
Biosensors and ProducHon of Enzyme Electrodes
Biofuel Cells
Coal BiodesulfurizaHon
Other Novel Biotechnological Techniques
Briefly
“We can now manipulate life at its most basic level-‐ the geneHc, the molecular-‐level manipulaHon of DNA. We now have a tool to probe the mysteries of life in a way unimaginable 25 years ago
With this scienHfic improvement emerge new visions and new hopes: new medicines, semisyntheHc organs grown in large vats, abundant and nutriHous foods, computers based on biological molecules rather than silicon chips, superorganisms to degrade pollutants, and a wide array of consumer products and industrial
processes
Finally...
THESE DREAMS WILL REMAIN DREAMS
WITHOUT HARD WORK!
Bioprocess Engineering Basic Concepts, Michael L. Shuler/Fikret Kargi
Second EdiHon, PrenHce Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002