kingston bridge 2005 rev1

Kingston Bridge ComplexKINGSTON BRIDGE COMPLEXKINGSTON BRIDGE COMPLEX

11stst JUNE 2005 JUNE 2005

Glasgow City CouncilGlasgow City Council

Land Services

Kingston Bridge Complex

Complex consists of Main Bridge & Approaches

Opened 26 June 1970

Two adjacent structures 20.8 m wide

5 No. lanes of Motorway on each bridge

Main Span - 143m long

Two End Spans - 62.5m long

4,500m of Elevated Approach Structures

Designer - W A Fairhurst & Partners

Contractors - Logan, Marples Ridgeway


Heart of M8 Motorway System, spans over River Clyde & carries 180,000 vehicles per day

M8 carries East West traffic between Greenock and Glasgow Airport to Edinburgh

It connects to the M80 & M77, the M74 to South and England & Clydeside Expressway & North West


North Approaches - early 1967


Construction of Cantilever End Span over the Broomielaw


Two Bridges - 3 voids in each bridge


Construction nearing Mid Span


Cladding Panels on Bridge - Client Requirement


Kingston Bridge Complex in 1970 - 30,000 vehicles a day


Exp a nsio n J o int Exp a nsio n J o int

62.484 m 143 .256 m 62.484 m

268 .224 m

Rive r C lyd ePinne dPinne dPinne d

General Arrangement

North Pier connected to Deck By 6 Rocker Bearings

South Pier cast into Deck

Both Piers connected to Foundations by 12 Pin Bearings

Piles connect Foundations to Bedrock 30 metres below


Pin Bearings at Bottom of Piers


200mm bulge of North Quay Wall

In late 1980’s a number of Defects were found :-


The North Pier tilted by 165mm


Spalling of Concrete at base of North Pier


North Comb Movement Joint remained closed


South Comb Movement Joint remained open


Cracks in Concrete at Midspan - Midspan dropped 300mm


Combination of these factor prompted Strathclyde Regional Council to carry out:-

Quay Wall Stabilisation Works

A Design Check of the Bridge

Inspection & Assessment of the Bridge

Monitoring System on Bridge


26 Prisms, 32 LVDT’s, 89 Temperature Sensors, 2 Wind Anometers & 1 Tide Gauge


QUAY WALL STABILISATION CONTRACT

Concerns :-

1 If Quay Wall collapsed, rapid washout of the sands & gravels below the footing could occur

2 Also, with the horizontal load on the Pier Footing from the Tilt of the North Pier, the Pier could be unstable

Contract Awarded to Keller Concrete in May 1991

Completed July 1992 - Cost £4 million


1st Major Contract Awarded

Phased strengthening of Quay Wall


4,000 tonnes of Jet Grouting carried out


16,000 tonnes of Rock placed infront of Quay Wall to add stability


Engineers Inspecting soffit of bridge from Inspection vehicle


1 Under extreme loading condition of Maximum Load on

the main span and with the end spans unloaded, there is insufficient holding down capacity of the end bearings

2 The bending capacity of the centre section of main span is inadequate

1994 ASSESSMENT


INTERIM MEASURES

As a result of these findings the following Interim Measures were undertaken:-

A Traffic Management Scheme was Implemented consisting of;-

3 unrestricted lanes on each bridge 1 lane closed on each bridge

1 lane on each bridge restricted to 7.5 tonnes

Also 100 tonne of concrete blocks placed at each end of bridge


DEFECTS TO BE ADDRESSED IN DESIGN

Understrength Deck - Bending Capacity midspan inadequate

Understrength Pier Shafts & Pile Caps- insufficient reinforcement in pier and pile caps


165 mm Tilt of the North Pier

Lean on the North Approaches- due to sway on bridge

Riverward Load on North Pier foundations

Slipped Rocker Bearing at top of North Pier

Excess travel of South End Bearings


Successful Contractor

Main Contractor Balfour Beatty

Prestressing Balvac

Jacking VSL (France)


Four Phases of the Contract

1 Deck Strengthening External Prestress

2 Bridge JackingVertical and Horizontal

3 Demolition and Reconstruction of SubstructureKeeping bridge open

4 Installation of the New Bridge Bearings



1 Deck Strengthening External Prestress


DECK CROSS SECTION AT PIERS

ExistingOpenings

8.5Mapp.


CROSS SECTION AT QUARTER SPAN

CROSS SECTION AT MIDSPAN

Existing Opening

Existing OpeningVoid Height 1.5m App

Void Height 2.5m App


C/L PIER

WEB ANCHORAGE

BOTTOM SLAB ANCHORAGE

BOTTOM SLAB STRENGTHENING


Typical Void before Strengthening


Typical Void after Strengthening


In each Void the Tendons consisted of:-

5 web Tendons in pairs with 12 strands per Tendon

2 Bottom Slab Tendons with 43 strands per Tendon


View of Anchor Blocks inside Bridge


View of Bottom Slab Beams on Bridge Soffit



2 Bridge JackingVertical and Horizontal

Total Closure of Bridge during these operations - 17 Hour duration

Weight of Bridge - 52,000 tonnes


Elevation showing Supplementary Piers & Jacking Systems


JACKING SYSTEM B - NORTH PIER


JACKING SYSTEMS A, B & C AT SOUTH PIER


Vertical & Horizontal Jacking Systems


Kingston Bridge Complex - “Closed”


NADICS Control Centre


After lift 20mm gap between bottom bearing pin & upper casting


Removal of Bearing Pins


After longitudinal jacking of bridge top & bottom casting offset



3 Demolition and Reconstruction of SubstructureKeeping bridge open


Pier Slide Out with Traffic on Bridge


Demolition of North Pier after pier slide out


Demolition of South Pier


Rebuilding of North Pier



4 Installation of the New Bridge Bearings


1250mm x 1250mm x 500mm deep Laminated rubber bearing


Bearing in position on North Pier


New Pier - South of River


Works complete - 5 Lanes of Traffic on each Bridge

Cost of Works - £30 Million

Land Services

Land Services



OTHER WORKS ON THE COMPLEX

Routine Maintenance of Complex

Monitoring Works

Special Inspections

Concrete Repairs to soffit of Approach Structures

Half Joint Bearing Replacement

Cope & Parapet Refurbishment - Phases 1 & 2

Cope & Parapet Refurbishment (Central Reserve) - Phase 3

Stobcross Off & On Ramps Replacement & Associated Works


MAINTENANCE OF COMPLEX

Cleaning of Traffic Management Scheme

Cleaning of Gullies

Cleaning of Carriageway Channels

Cope and Parapet Repairs


MONITORING & ASSOCIATED WORKS

Calibration of Monitoring Equipment

Maintenance of Monitoring Equipment


SPECIAL INSPECTIONS

Precast Cope cladding panels

Half Joint Inspections

Inspection of concrete deterioration


CONCRETE REPAIRS TO NORTH AND SOUTH APPROACHES

Concrete repairs to Half Joints

Concrete repairs to SoffitGully refurbishment

Contract Awarded to Makers - 2002

Cost of Works - £700,000


HALF JOINT BEARING REPLACEMENT

Contractor - Morrison Construction Limited -2001 / 2002



Existing Holding Down Bearing in Poor Condition



Existing Sliding Bearing in Poor Condition



Bearing Replacement at North - New Bearings in position



Replacement of Expansion Joint Units


COPE & PARAPET REFURBISHMENT

Phase 1 - Morrison Construction1992

Phase 2 - Nuttall1993


Hydrodemolition of Cope Edge


COPE AND PARAPET REFURBISHMENT

EXISTING

NEW


STOBCROSS OFF RAMP REPLACEMENT & ASSOCIATED WORKS

Morgan Est - Works Started 24 February 2003 for 26 weeks



Demolition & Replacement of Stobcross Off Ramp



Cope & Parapet Refurbishment (Full Cantilever Replacement)

of the West Face of Bridge & Approach Structures


Temporary Demolition and Construction Gantries on West Face of Bridge



Replacement of 2 No. Overhead Sign Gantries


STOBCROSS ON RAMP REFURBISHMENT & ASSOCIATED WORKS

Graham construction - Works Started January 2005 for 52 weeks


Aerial View of Stobcross On Ramp


Temporary Demolition & Construction Gantries


Stobcross On Ramp construction work


Replacement of 2 No. Overhead Sign Gantries


Land Services

KINGSTON BRIDGE COMPLEXKINGSTON BRIDGE COMPLEX1st JUNE 20051st JUNE 2005

Glasgow City CouncilGlasgow City Council

kingston bridge 2005 rev1

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