kingdoms. bacteria prokaryotes (no true nucleus) unicellular autotrophic (makes own food)...
DESCRIPTION
Bacteria Most bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fissionTRANSCRIPT
KINGDOMS
Bacteria• Prokaryotes (no true
nucleus)• Unicellular• Autotrophic (makes
own food)• Heterotrophic
(consumes others)• Chemoautotroph
(break down inorganic compounds to make food)
Bacteria
• Most bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission
Archaebacteria• Archaebacteria
(ancient bacteria) – no peptidoglycan in cell wall
• Live in some of the most extreme environments such as hot springs, steam vents, intestines of animals. Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park
Eubacteria
• Eubacteria (true bacteria) – most common; has peptidoglycan in cell wall;
Eubacteria
• Knowing the amount of peptidogylcan will determine what kind of Gram stain the bacteria will “take”; knowing this can help to administer the correct antibiotics
Gram Positive Gram Negative
Bacteria are classified by shape
• Round (cocci)• Rod (bacilli)• Spiral (spirilla)
Streptococcus
Bacillus
Cholera spirilla
ANTIBIOTICS = chemicals that interfere with the life processes of bacteria
Protista
• Mostly unicellular, some are multicellular (algae)
• Can be heterotrophic and autotrophic• Most live in water• All are eukaryotic• A protist is any organism that is not a
plant, animal or fungus; this is why it is known as the “junk drawer” kingdom
Animal-like Protists : Protozoans
• Four phyla of Protozoans– Zooflagellates– Sarcodines– Ciliates– Sporozoans
Zooflagellates
• Move using one or two flagella
Sacrodines• Moves using pseudopodia (“false feet”),
which are like extensions of the cytoplasm• Ingests food by surrounding and engulfing
food (endocytosis)• Can cause diarrhea and stomach upset
from drinking contaminated water.• Example – amoebas
Ciliates
• Move using cilia• Has 2 nuclei• Food is gathered in a mouth pore and
wastes are removed from an anal pore• Exhibits avoidance behavior• Example – paramecium
Sporozoans
• Do not move on their own• Parasitic• Malaria is caused by a sporozoan
(Plasmodium), which infects the liver and blood; transmitted by mosquitoes
Plant-like Protists - Algae
• All are photosynthetic• Classified based on pigment
– Green– Red– Brown
Green Algae
• Most diverse group of algae• Has chlorophyll• Example - Volvox
Red Algae
• Has a red pigment that allows them to grow at greater depths
• Used for food in some Asian countries
Brown Algae
• Important source of food in ocean • Common problem for aquariums• Example - Kelp
Fungi
• Eukaryotic• Cell wall with chitin• Unicellular and
multicellular• Heterotrophic• Decomposers
Fungi
• Most are made of thin filaments called hyphae.
• One cell thick and look like threads under the microscope
• What gives mold a fuzzy texture
Fungi
• As the hyphae continue to grow, it becomes tangled and produces mycelium.
• This continues until the food source is gone.
Fungi
• Reproduce asexually and sexually.
• Asexual –budding, fragmentation and spores
• Sexually –hyphae fuse to form a diploid cell
Fungi
• Yeast is the only unicellular fungus.
• Mushrooms and molds are multicelluar.
Plantae
• Eukaryotic• Cell wall with
cellulose• Multicellular• Autotrophic• Has chloroplasts• Reproduce asexually
and sexually
Plantae
• Divided into 2 divisions– Nonvascular and
Vascular• Nonvascular lacks
vascular tissue• Vascular has vascular
tissue
Plantae
• Nonvascular plants are very small and live on land in a moist environment.
• Mosses are the most common along with liverworts and hornworts
Plantae
• Vascular plants have true roots, stems and leaves and xylem and phloem.
• Separated into 2 groups – seedless and seed producing plants
Plantae
• Seedless Vascular Plants – ferns, club mosses, horsetails and whisk ferns.
Plantae
• Two Groups – gymnosperms and angiosperms
Plantae• Gymnosperms – means “naked seed”
because seeds are exposed in a cone. Includes cycads, gingkos and conifers
Plantae
• Angiosperms – are flowering plants and produce seed that are enclosed by a fruit
• Most dominant type of plant on earth
Animalia
• Eukaryotic• No cell wall• Multicellular• Heterotrophic• Reproduce sexually
Animalia
• Divided into 2 major groups based on the presence of internal skeleton– Invertebrate– Vertebrates
Animalia• Invertebrates are animals without a
backbone• Sponges, jellyfish, worms, snails, insects
and starfish
Animalia• Vertebrates are animals that have a
backbone.• Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals
Animalia
• Two types of symmetry – Radial– Bilateral