kingdom protista, part 1. general characteristics eukaryotic unicellular (to colonial) autotrophic...
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Kingdom Protista,Part 1
General Characteristics• Eukaryotic• Unicellular (to colonial)• Autotrophic or
Heterotrophic• Appeared about 1.5 BYA
Classified into 3 main groups
1. Animal-like… heterotrophs capable of locomotion
2. Plant-like… photosynthetic autotrophs3. Fungus-like… decomposers that
reproduce by sporesSome protists may exhibit more than one characteristic, such as...….it is possible to be both animal-like and
plant-like.
Animal-like Protists(26-2)
classified by method of movement
Phylum Rhizopoda (formerly Sarcodina) : ex. Amoeba
The Amoeba usespseudopodia for locomotion.
The Amoeba in 3D – notice the pseudopods
Amoeba surround and engulf their food… the process is called phagocytosis.
An Amoeba eating a Paramecium.
Ciliophora
• all use cilia for movement
• have many specialized structures, including mouths, anal pores, contractile vacuoles, and two nuclei (a large macronucleus and small micronuclei)
• Ex. – Paramecium and Stentor
Phylum Ciliophora: ex. Paramecium
3D view – taken by a scanningelectron microscope
A closer look at the Cilia…. its means of locomotion
another Ciliate: Stentor
Phylum Zoomastigophora
• have flagella
• some species of zooflagellates have mutualistic relationships
• ex.- Trichonympha digests cellulose in the guts of termites
Others are parasites, like Trypanosoma, which causes
African Sleeping Sickness (coma).
Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma
Tsetse Fly: carries Trypanosoma to humans; in other words, it’s a Vector
White Blood Cell
Red Blood Cells
Trypanosoma
Phylum Sporozoa
• are parasites• have no means of locomotion• form spores that are dispersed by
one or more hosts • ex. Plasmodium, which causes
malaria
Portions of the Life Cycle of Plasmodium vivax
It’s Vector: Anopheles Mosquito
Plasmodium vivax
Red Blood Cells
Phylum Foraminifera
• have a protective shell or TEST, usually made of calcium carbonate
• layers of tests can deposit on the ocean floor– these can form limestone and chalk, like the
White Cliffs of Dover– Some species of forams are good indicators of
oil deposits below
Cliffs of Dover