kingdomfungi 1. fungi are important decomposers in the environment 3
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Characteristics
heterotrophic
absorption
Singled celled
multicellular
Most reproduce SexuallyAsexually
SporesSpores
eukaryotic
Cell wall…chitin
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Reproductive
structures
spores
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Divisions
Kingdom Fungi
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Zygomycota
Deuteromycota
Classification
based on
Sexual
Reproduction
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Yeasts•single cells, produce daughter cells either by budding or by binary fission•the common baker's yeast- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Divison Deutromycota
“fungi imperfecti”•Fungi that only reproduce asexually.• Some species of Deuteromycetes are predatory fungi that live in the soil and ensnare animals such as nematodes (roundworms) in a loop of hyphae.
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Three fungal lifestyles •A fungus that feeds on dead organic
matter is a saprotroph.
•Fungi that get their nutrients from living
organisms do so in a variety of ways but
can be put into two broad categories.
Where there is no benefit to the other
organism, the fungus in question is a
parasite. •If there is some benefit to both the
fungus and the other organism, the fungi
are mutualistic. 1
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Usefulness of FungiUsefulness of Fungi•Fungi are valuable economically as a
•Antibiotics, vitamins•various industrially important chemicals, such as
•Acetone, Enzymes•fermentation processes, as in the production of
•alcoholic beverages, vinegar, cheese
•bread dough •Extremely important in soil renewal, through the decomposition of organic matter17
•Trichophyton interdigidale - Athletes foot•Epidermophyton and Microsporum These fungi cause a variety of tineas and ringworms, affecting humans and animals.
•Candida albicans - Candidiasis. This fungus is dimorphic, assuming a yeast-like or a hyphal form. Candidiasis typically is an irritating, itching condition which is more annoying than dangerous. Forms include vaginitis, and thrush.
•Blastomyces - Blastomycosis. This can cause a mild skin infection or a potentially lethal
pulmonary infection. •Histoplasma - Histoplasmosis. This widespread fungus occurs most frequently in guano, especially in bat caves, where there is little air flow, and a high concentration of spores. When inhaled, they can cause lung infections which vary from mild bronchial symptoms to lethality. It often results in capsules being formed in the lungs, which on x-rays appear like tuberculosis. 19
•Arthrobotrys and Dactylella - Lassoing fungi. These and other interesting forms have either nooses of cells or adhesive cells which capture soil nematodes as they crawl in their vicinity.
•Drechslera - Southern Corn Blight.
This is a serious pest of agriculture. •Alternaria - Late Blight. This affects a variety of plants including wheat,
mustards, and solanaceous plants. •Verticillium and Fusarium - wilts. Especially important in tomatoes and bananas.
•Rhizoctonia - damping off, root rot, canker.•Tolypocladium - This fungus is the source of cyclosporine, a vital drug for suppressing the immune
response in transplant patients.
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