Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

General Characteristics General Characteristics

andand

InvertebratesInvertebrates

What is an animalWhat is an animal

Multi-cellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophic Multi-cellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophic organisms whose cells do not have cell organisms whose cells do not have cell wallswalls

Animals can have no symmetry, radial Animals can have no symmetry, radial symmetry or bilateral symmetrysymmetry or bilateral symmetry

Animals must be able to take care of the Animals must be able to take care of the following to survivefollowing to survive Feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, Feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion,

response, movement, reproductionresponse, movement, reproduction

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

Example: sponge, all species have no Example: sponge, all species have no symmetrysymmetry

Feeding: Sponges are ocean organisms and Feeding: Sponges are ocean organisms and are attached to the ocean floor. They are are attached to the ocean floor. They are filter feeders, meaning they filter food out filter feeders, meaning they filter food out of the water that flows through their bodiesof the water that flows through their bodies

Respiration, Circulation, Excretion: All done Respiration, Circulation, Excretion: All done by the flow of water through the bodyby the flow of water through the body

Response: Have no nervous system but can Response: Have no nervous system but can protect selves with poisonsprotect selves with poisons

Phylum Porifera, Cont.Phylum Porifera, Cont.

ReproductionReproduction Asexual– budding or gemmulesAsexual– budding or gemmules Sexual– are hermaphrodites and internal Sexual– are hermaphrodites and internal

fertilization occurs, sperm from one fertilization occurs, sperm from one sponge swims through the water to sponge swims through the water to fertilize the eggs of anotherfertilize the eggs of another

Movement– sponges are sessile Movement– sponges are sessile organisms organisms

Phylum CnidariaPhylum Cnidaria

Jellyfish, coral, hydraJellyfish, coral, hydra Feeding: carnivores, hunters that paralyze Feeding: carnivores, hunters that paralyze

prey with poison in nematocysts also called prey with poison in nematocysts also called cnidocytes (stinging cells) located on cnidocytes (stinging cells) located on tentacles. Once paralyzed, prey is pulled tentacles. Once paralyzed, prey is pulled into the stomach (gastrovascular cavity)into the stomach (gastrovascular cavity)

Respiration, Circulation and Excretion: done Respiration, Circulation and Excretion: done by the flow of water through the bodyby the flow of water through the body

Movement: Hydrostatic skeleton (muscles) Movement: Hydrostatic skeleton (muscles) or jet propulsionor jet propulsion

Phylum Cnidaria, ContPhylum Cnidaria, Cont

Response: Complicated nerve net Response: Complicated nerve net along body, concentrated around along body, concentrated around mouthmouth

Reproduction: Sexual only, two Reproduction: Sexual only, two forms of life (polyp and medusa), forms of life (polyp and medusa), external fertilizationexternal fertilization

Groups (Classes)– sea anemones and Groups (Classes)– sea anemones and corals, jellyfish, hydras corals, jellyfish, hydras

Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Platyhelminthes

Flatworms: Planarian, TapewormFlatworms: Planarian, Tapeworm Feeding: Can be parasites, free- living Feeding: Can be parasites, free- living

carnivores or scavengerscarnivores or scavengers Two way, one opening digestive tract Two way, one opening digestive tract

(pharynx, mouth and anus all the same (pharynx, mouth and anus all the same place)place)

Respiration, Circulation and excretion: Respiration, Circulation and excretion: Diffusion since the body is flat, flame Diffusion since the body is flat, flame cells help to remove liquid waste from cells help to remove liquid waste from the bodythe body

Phylum Platyhelminthes, Phylum Platyhelminthes, contcont

Response: Simple brain called ganglia Response: Simple brain called ganglia (collection of nerve cells in anterior end), (collection of nerve cells in anterior end), nerve cords along body, eyespot to detect nerve cords along body, eyespot to detect lightlight

Reproduction:Reproduction: Sexual- hermaphroditesSexual- hermaphrodites Asexual- fission or regenerationAsexual- fission or regeneration

Movement- Free living move with muscles Movement- Free living move with muscles or cilia, parasitic worms do not usually moveor cilia, parasitic worms do not usually move

Phylum: NematodaPhylum: Nematoda

Roundworms: hookworm, ascarisRoundworms: hookworm, ascaris Movement: Most roundworms are Movement: Most roundworms are

parasitic, so they don’t move on their own. parasitic, so they don’t move on their own. Some have muscle systems to push Some have muscle systems to push themselves alongthemselves along

Feeding: Parasitic (mostly) so they spend Feeding: Parasitic (mostly) so they spend their lives feeding off of other organisms their lives feeding off of other organisms through diffusionthrough diffusion

Respiration, Circulation, Excretion: Respiration, Circulation, Excretion: Diffusion across body membranesDiffusion across body membranes

Phylum: Nematoda Cont.Phylum: Nematoda Cont.

Response: Simple nervous system, Response: Simple nervous system, ganglia in anterior endganglia in anterior end

Reproduction: Sexual reproduction, Reproduction: Sexual reproduction, internal fertilization. Often, parasitic internal fertilization. Often, parasitic worms have complicated life cycles worms have complicated life cycles involving more than one host involving more than one host

Phylum AnnelidaPhylum Annelida

Segmented worms such as leeches and Segmented worms such as leeches and earthwormsearthworms

Feeding and Digestion: Complicated Feeding and Digestion: Complicated system including crop, gizzard and system including crop, gizzard and pharynx. Used in food storage, crushing pharynx. Used in food storage, crushing and digestionand digestion

Circulation: Closed circulatory system Circulation: Closed circulatory system with vessels and five hearts (earthworm)with vessels and five hearts (earthworm)

Respiration: Diffusion, some respire using Respiration: Diffusion, some respire using gills (aquatic)gills (aquatic)

Phylum Annelida Cont.Phylum Annelida Cont.

Excretion: Solid waste through anus, Excretion: Solid waste through anus, liquid waste through nephridia (little liquid waste through nephridia (little kidneys)kidneys)

Response: Well developed nervous Response: Well developed nervous system with a brain and nerve cordsystem with a brain and nerve cord

Movement: Complicated muscular Movement: Complicated muscular system, marine worms use paddles system, marine worms use paddles to swimto swim

Phylum Annelida, Cont.Phylum Annelida, Cont.

Reproduction: Sexual, most have Reproduction: Sexual, most have separate sexes, some separate sexes, some hermaphroditeshermaphrodites

Groups: Earthworms, leeches, Groups: Earthworms, leeches, marine wormsmarine worms

Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca

Soft bodied animals with four basic body Soft bodied animals with four basic body parts, foot, mantle, shell and visceral parts, foot, mantle, shell and visceral massmass

Feeding: Variety of feeding methods, Feeding: Variety of feeding methods, carnivore, herbivore, scavenger, parasitescarnivore, herbivore, scavenger, parasites

Respiration: gills or diffusionRespiration: gills or diffusion Circulatory: Open system, blood pools in Circulatory: Open system, blood pools in

cavities called sinusescavities called sinuses

Phylum Mollusca Cont.Phylum Mollusca Cont.

Excretion: Nephridia release liquid Excretion: Nephridia release liquid wastewaste

Response: Nervous systems vary Response: Nervous systems vary depending on type of molluskdepending on type of mollusk

Movement: Varies depending on Movement: Varies depending on type, but foot is used for locomotion. type, but foot is used for locomotion. Some mollusks have a foot divided Some mollusks have a foot divided into tentaclesinto tentacles

Phylum Mollusca Cont.Phylum Mollusca Cont.

Reproduction: Variety of reproductive Reproduction: Variety of reproductive processes. Mostly external fertilization, processes. Mostly external fertilization, some have internalsome have internal

Groups of MollusksGroups of Mollusks Class: Gastropoda (stomach foot) snails and Class: Gastropoda (stomach foot) snails and

slugsslugs Class: Cephlapoda (head foot) octopuses and Class: Cephlapoda (head foot) octopuses and

squidsquid Class: Bivalves (two shells) clams and oysters, Class: Bivalves (two shells) clams and oysters,

scallopsscallops

Phylum ArthropodaPhylum Arthropoda

Means: Jointed foot or leg, examples, Means: Jointed foot or leg, examples, lobster, crab, insect, spider. Have lobster, crab, insect, spider. Have exoskeleton made of chitinexoskeleton made of chitin

Growth: Must molt to growGrowth: Must molt to grow Feeding: Variety of methods, Feeding: Variety of methods,

carnivore, omnivore, parasite, carnivore, omnivore, parasite, herbivoreherbivore

Respiration: Tracheal tubes, spiracles, Respiration: Tracheal tubes, spiracles, book lungs, book gillsbook lungs, book gills

Phylum Arthropoda, Cont.Phylum Arthropoda, Cont.

Circulation: Well developed heart, arteries Circulation: Well developed heart, arteries and other vessels, open system (includes and other vessels, open system (includes sinuses and other cavities)sinuses and other cavities)

Excretion: Malpighian Tubules, diffusionExcretion: Malpighian Tubules, diffusion Response: Brain, nerves, well—developed Response: Brain, nerves, well—developed

sense organs (eyes, taste receptors)sense organs (eyes, taste receptors) Movement: Muscles, wings, legs, Movement: Muscles, wings, legs,

swimmerets, variety of locomotionswimmerets, variety of locomotion

Phylum Arthropoda, ContPhylum Arthropoda, Cont

Reproduction: Mostly internal Reproduction: Mostly internal fertilization, males have a sex organ or fertilization, males have a sex organ or deposit a sperm packet into femalesdeposit a sperm packet into females

Groups: Groups: Crustaceans (lobster, crab, shrimp)Crustaceans (lobster, crab, shrimp) Chelicerates (spiders, mites, scorpions)Chelicerates (spiders, mites, scorpions) Insects (most number of animal species, Insects (most number of animal species,

butterflies, bees, ants) butterflies, bees, ants)

Class InsectaClass Insecta

Insects are the largest group of animalsInsects are the largest group of animals Three part body (head, thorax, abdomen)Three part body (head, thorax, abdomen) Three pairs of legs and other appendagesThree pairs of legs and other appendages Complicated sense organs, movement and Complicated sense organs, movement and

social structuressocial structures Some insects go through metamorphosisSome insects go through metamorphosis

Incomplete- grasshopperIncomplete- grasshopper Complete- ButterflyComplete- Butterfly

Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermata

Means: Spiny Skin, examples sea Means: Spiny Skin, examples sea star, sea cucumber, sea urchinsstar, sea cucumber, sea urchins

Water vascular system: complicated Water vascular system: complicated system using water to take care of system using water to take care of many body processesmany body processes Contains hundreds of tube feet which Contains hundreds of tube feet which

use suction methods powered by water use suction methods powered by water flowflow

Phylum Echinodermata, Phylum Echinodermata, Cont.Cont.

Feeding: herbivores. carnivores, Feeding: herbivores. carnivores, scavengers, filter feedersscavengers, filter feeders

Respiration and Circulation: water vascular Respiration and Circulation: water vascular systemsystem

Excretion: Solid waste released out of the Excretion: Solid waste released out of the anus, liquid waste through walls of tube anus, liquid waste through walls of tube feet by diffusionfeet by diffusion

Response: Radial nerve ring, scattered Response: Radial nerve ring, scattered sensory cellssensory cells

Phylum Echinodermata, Phylum Echinodermata, Cont.Cont.

Movement: tube feet, thin muscles, soft Movement: tube feet, thin muscles, soft jointsjoints

Reproduction: External fertilization, bi-Reproduction: External fertilization, bi-lateral larvae, radial adultlateral larvae, radial adult

GroupsGroups Sea Urchins and Sand dollarsSea Urchins and Sand dollars Brittle StarsBrittle Stars Sea CucumbersSea Cucumbers Sea StarsSea Stars Sea lilies and feather starsSea lilies and feather stars

SpongesSponges

CnidariansCnidarians

Box Jellyfish

Most poisonous creature in the sea

Brain Coral

Portuguese Man o War

FlatwormsFlatworms

Blood Fluke

TapewormPlanarian

RoundwormsRoundworms

Roundworm

Hookworm

Segmented WormsSegmented Worms

Cute Earthworm

Leech

Bunch of Earthworms

MollusksMollusks

English Garden Snail

Electric Flame Scallop

Octopus

ArthropodsArthropods

Butterfly

Black Widow Spider

Lobster… Anybody Hungry???

EchinodermsEchinoderms

Red-Lined Sea Cucumber

Sun Star

Sea Lily