Animalia Kingdom

January 6, 2021Pre-AP Biology

Goal: I will understand the intro to the animalia kingdom and the unique characteristics of animals.

have are carry out

with such as

Animals

Feeding Respiration Circulation Excretion Response Movement Reproduction

Eukaryoticcells Heterotrophs

Essentialfunctions

No cell walls

Characteristics of Animals

7 Essential Functions of Animals1. Feeding – most can’t absorb food, instead they eat it

2. Respiration – all respire, whether in water, land, or both

3. Circulation – have a system to move material around within their bodies (ex. circulatory system and diffusion)

4. Excretion – most have an excretory system that eliminates ammonia (primary waste of cells) and maintains homeostasis

7 Essential Functions of Animals5. Response – respond to events in their environment

using nerve cells (nervous system) or receptors (cells) that respond to external stimuli

6. Movement – most are motile, some use muscle contractions to move around by working in combination with a skeleton

7. Reproduction – reproduce sexually, invertebrates can reproduce asexually

Embryogenesis• All animals, except sponges, have a zygote that

undergoes cell divisions that form a hollow ball (called the blastula)• The blastula develops into three distinct layers of

cells: 1. Ectoderm2. Endoderm3. Mesoderm

• These layers will create all body organs

Ectoderm• Creates the outer layer of skin, nervous system, sense

organs, etc.

Endoderm• Creates the lining of the digestive tract, respiratory

systems, urinary bladder, digestive organs, liver, and glands, etc.

Mesoderm• Creates the skeletal system, muscles, circulatory

system, reproductive organs, excretory organs, etc.

Embryogenesis

Body Symmetry Plans• Asymmetrical - Irregular body shape

• Ex. Sponge

• Radial - Parts are arranged around a central axis • Ex. Sea anemone

• Bilateral - Body design where there are distinct right and left halves • Ex. Human

Radial SymmetryBilateral Symmetry

Planes ofsymmetry

Plane ofsymmetry

Ventral side

Dorsal sidePosterior end

Anterior end

Animal Development(copy entire slide)

Example - Human

• Sperm + egg = zygote

• Embryo (0 to 8 weeks)

• Fetus (8 to 40 weeks)

Embryogenesis

Ectodermal Dysplasia• A group of genetic disorders

(150 syndromes identified)

• These genetic disorders affect the development or function of pores, hair, teeth, and nails (created from the ectoderm layer)

• The mutations that cause these disorders can be random or genetic

Additional Information• There are about 35 animal phyla

• Scientists classify animals using several types of data including anatomy, patterns of embryological development, and DNA

• The animal kingdom is divided into two main groups: The vertebrates and invertebrates

• We will focus on 11 subgroups