king shaka airport
DESCRIPTION
Located at La Mercy, approximately 35 kilometers north of Durban’s city centre, King Shaka International Airport is a ground breaking co-operative project agreement that was reached between the National Department of Transport, the Provincial Government of KwaZulu-Natal and Airports Company South Africa (ACSA). It is also the first greenfields airport to be built in the past 50 years in South Africa and possibly the only one currently being built in the world.TRANSCRIPT
SPECIAL REPORT: KING SHAKA INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT, LA MERCY
Photo by Russell Cleaver
RUDOLPH & VAN VUURENTiling Contractors
Tel: (011) 618 1340 Fax: (011) 618 1345 E-mail: [email protected]| |
Rudolph & van Vuuren's track record, as tiling specialists, goes back 30 years. From inception, our energies have been dedicated to projects, delivering quality workmanship and providing expert professional and technical service. Our vast knowledge of tile products, as well as tiling applications and installations is indispensable in our endeavour to offer professional advice and service to our valued clients. Our large portfolio of prestigious projects is positive proof of our integrity and expertise in the tiling field, and we are justifiably proud of our association with the King Shaka Airport contract in KwaZulu Natal
RUDOLPH & VAN VUURENTiling Contractors
Tel: (011) 618 1340 Fax: (011) 618 1345 E-mail: [email protected]| |
Rudolph & van Vuuren's track record, as tiling specialists, goes back 30 years. From inception, our energies have been dedicated to projects, delivering quality workmanship and providing expert professional and technical service. Our vast knowledge of tile products, as well as tiling applications and installations is indispensable in our endeavour to offer professional advice and service to our valued clients. Our large portfolio of prestigious projects is positive proof of our integrity and expertise in the tiling field, and we are justifiably proud of our association with the King Shaka Airport contract in KwaZulu Natal
AT THE CORE OF THIS FINE PROJECT
YOU WILL FIND RENNIKS
AT THE CORE OF THIS FINE PROJECT
YOU WILL FIND RENNIKS
We Stand TallWe Stand Tall
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King ShakaInternational Airport
>> Control Tower
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Fax:+27 (0)11 708-7850Email: [email protected]
KZN’S ECONOMY SET TO TAKE OFF
By Bev Hermanson
Located at La Mercy, approximately 35 kilometers north of Durban’s city centre, King Shaka
International Airport is a ground breaking co-operative project agreement that was reached
between the National Department of Transport, the Provincial Government of KwaZulu-Natal
and Airports Company South Africa (ACSA). It is also the first greenfields airport to be built in
the past 50 years in South Africa and possibly the only one currently being built in the world.
SPECIAL REPORT >
Photo by Russell Cleaver
Replacing the existing Durban International Airport,
which will eventually be decommissioned, King Shaka
International Airport is expected to open on 1 May 2010,
just over a month before the start of the 2010 FIFA World
Cup. The airport, which was designed by a consortium of
architects called the Ilembe Architectural Joint Venture,
consisting of Osmond Lange Architects and Planners,
Ruben Reddy Architects, Shabangu Architects, Mthulisi
Msimang Architects and NSM Designs, will cost over
R7-billion by the time it is completed. With a terminal
floor area of 103,000 m², runway and taxiways covering
400,000 m² and facilities to support the airport includ-
ing administration offices and transit accommodation
for tourists, an integrated agricultural export zone and
an IT platform, the airport is making a significantly
positive impact on the economy of the region.
BACKGROUND
The prospect of building a brand new airport for Durban
was mooted during the 70s and in fact some initial infra-
structural work was completed between 1975 and 1982.
Due to the economic recession of the 80s, the entire
project was halted and it wasn’t until the 90s that the
notion of relocating the Durban International Airport was
revived. Extensive research, analysis and agonizing over
whether to relocate or upgrade the existing airport en-
sued, however in July 2006 it was finally concluded that
the existing airport, even when fully developed, would
not provide enough capacity for the region. It was de-
cided that ACSA would develop, manage and own the
airport while the Dube TradePort Company would de-
velop a cargo facility, trade and agri zone nearby.
SPECIAL REPORT >
Photo by Russell Cleaver
DUBE TRADEPORT
The siting of the new airport complements the develop-ment of the Dube TradePort, which is situated on 2060 ha of land that is perfectly accessible by the two major ports of Durban and Richards Bay and the rail and road links with Gauteng. Wholly funded by the Kzn Department of Economic Development, the Dube TradePort is intended to be a world class freight logis-tics facility that will be geared to attract a wide range of activities that will stimulate economic advancement in the region.
The Dube TradePort platform is split into three sections namely: Trade Zone, Agri Zone and Support Zone (joint venture with ACSA). The Trade Zone, which includes the
cargo handling terminal at the airport, will stimulate
the import and export of high value goods by air to and from KwaZulu Natal. The Support Zone has been designed to cater to the corporate sector as well as the suppliers of services and tourist accommodation through the provision of offices, buildings, conference and entertainment facilities, while the Agri Zone will involve the cultivation of high value farming products for export.
Anyone travelling by road between Johannesburg and Durban will testify to the enormous volume of road freight traffic that uses the route daily. When com-pleted, the Dube TradePort and the King Shaka Inter-national Airport will alleviate the pressure on this route by facilitating that the more than 50 000 tons of manufactured goods produced in the region will be air freighted directly from the local airport in the future,
SPECIAL REPORT >
Photos by Russell Cleaver
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rather than having to undergo the arduous transporta-
tion to Gauteng for airfreighting from the Highveld air-
ports. The new cargo terminal at King Shaka, in fact, will
have the capacity to handle over 100 000 tons of cargo
per year, thereby allowing for considerable growth in
the future.
AWARDING THE CONSTRUCTION TENDER
One of the bones of contention that delayed the start
of the airport construction phase was when it came
time to the awarding of the contract for the construc-
tion. Amongst the bidders for the tender were two
consortia – the 55% Black owned Ilembe Consortium
comprising Group Five, Mvelaphanda Holdings and
WBHO Construction, supported by construction and
management construction consultants, Turner Townsend,
and Indiza, led by Grinaker and LTA. When the latter was
disqualified for failing to meet certain tender require-
ments, an appeal was lodged at the Pietermaritzburg
High Court, but was subsequently dismissed, leaving
the path clear for Ilembe to continue.
The construction began in late August 2007, giving
the main construction team and more than 2100 sub-
contractors just over 2 years to complete everything.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Prior to commencement of the construction, there
were a number of environmental aspects that needed to
be considered. For an undertaking of this size, a full
environmental impact study was essential. Clearly
SPECIAL REPORT >
Photo by Russell Cleaver
noise pollution and increased traffic were important
considerations.
However, the assessments also revealed a possible
threat to the bird population in the vicinity, in particular
the 3 million barn swallows that migrate every year
from Europe to roost in an area close to the airport.
Known as the Mount Moreland Reedbed, this site is in
the flight path of aircraft that will be using the airport.
Concerns raised not only included the possible dis-
turbance of the bird colony on the ground, but also
the possible hazard of birds in flight putting aircraft
safety at risk.
Whilst the idea of bird strikes is alarming, this is a hazard
that is regularly encountered by all airports worldwide.
From the intensive research conducted by ACSA and
the Mt. Mooreland community, it was discovered that
the swallows rarely fly as high as the aircraft and
their main activities in the area are 30 minutes before
dusk and just before dawn. Two solutions were found
to allow the birds and the airport to co-exist. Firstly,
the flight schedulers will take these critical times into
account and plan around them, to avoid unnecessary
risk to the air carriers and secondly, a special bird
detection radar system has been instituted by ACSA
to monitor the movements of the birds. The added
bonus is that this system is able to detect the pres-
ence of bats at night, as well. This will be the first
time in the world that a system of this kind, which will
be integrated into the operational procedures of the
airport, will be utilised in South Africa.
The noise pollution and fuel transportation to the
new airport site were also issued with a positive
record of decision.
SPECIAL REPORT >
Photos by Russell Cleaver
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DESIGN OF THE AIRPORT
As with the building of the Gautrain and the 2010 stadia,
the architects and engineers travelled to many coun-
tries looking for lessons that needed to be learnt. For
the King Shaka Airport, the opportunity to plan a
building that was to be built from scratch was most
welcome as the provision for expansion was an auto-
matic part of the initial plan.
“It’s in the expansion that most existing airports have
suffered enormous growing pains,” comments Victor
Utria of Osmond Lange Architects. “No one predicted
the extent of the future demand and how passenger
volumes would exert so much pressure on the facili-
ties. It was interesting to see that, although they all
have to perform exactly the same functions, no two
airports are the same. With the planning of the King
Shaka International Airport, we had the luxury of be-
ing able to plan for expansion in an orderly fashion.
That being said, there is no way of knowing how
changes in technology will take airport design off
onto a different tangent in the future.”
Due to the sheer size of the project, the design respon-
sibilities were split amongst the five design firms in the
consortium. Durban-based NSM Designs were tasked
with the planning for the cargo terminal, while Ruben
Reddy Architects handled the passenger terminal airside
corridor, the cooling towers complex and the external
urban fabric that encompassed the roads, parking areas
and pedestrian walkways. Mthulisi Msimang Architects
from Pietermaritzburg handled the multi-storey parkade
and office building, while Shabangu Architects from
Johannesburg was responsible for the car rental facili-
ties, the control tower and most of the support build-
ings. Osmond Lange Architects & Planners handled
the co-ordination as well as the design of the passen-
ger terminal building and the retail facilities.
“An airport in its entirety is a machine and all of the dif-
ferent parts are equally important to ensure that the
airport functions efficiently,” says Utria of the split of
responsibilities. Certainly, as a mere passenger, it is dif-
ficult to understand everything that is involved in the
running of such a large facility. This is indeed why air-
ports take such a long time in the planning process.
“Durban Airport took 30 years to completion once the
site was identified. Heathrow’s Terminal 5 took 40 years
to completion. In that time, one hopes that air travel,
as one knows it, hasn’t changed too dramatically.”
KING SHAKA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TIMELINES
6 June 2007 R 7.2bn design & construc-
tion contract awarded to
the Ilembe Consortium
23 August 2007 Positive EIA (environmental
impact assessment) record
of decision (ROD) issued
30 September 2007 Ground breaking ceremony
31 August 2007 Site work commenced
30 September 2008 Control Tower topped out
30 June 2009 Terminal Building topped
out
30 October 2009 Runway will be completed
First quarter 2010 Durban International
Airport, will be decommis-
sioned. New International
Airport will be commis-
sioned
29 April 2010 Contractual completion
SPECIAL REPORT >
MATERIALS USED
Materials Quantity Equivalent to
Runway & taxiway pavements 400 000 m2 100 Soccer pitches
Terminal Building footprint 35 000 m2 9 Soccer pitches
Terminal floor area 103 000 m2 27 Soccer pitches
Earth to be moved 5.8 Million m2 2,500 Olympic swimming pools
Concrete to be poured 100 000 m2 50 Olympic swimming pools
Structural steel to be erected 4 700 tonnes ½ the Eiffel Tower
Asphalt 230 000 tonnes 35 km of 4 lane highway
Electrical cabling 700 km From Durban to East London
SPECIAL REPORT >
Photo by Nicolas Gonzalez
tariceT R A D I N G
Postal AddressPO Box 243
Clemaville3602
Physical Address1170 - 11th Street
PO Clemaville3602
Gsm: 083 441 6818Tel: 078 470 2531Tel: 072 204 0924Fax: 086 538 4187
Tarice Trading (Pty) Ltd, trading as Vusi Afrika, is a 100% female-owned Construction Company founded in 1999 by MS Nonceba Duma to provide a holistic approach to the construction of projects. The company provides state-of-the-art project management, quantity surveying, civil and electrical engineering services to both private and public sector. Tarice Trading’s competitive advantage results from effective teamwork, which significantly enhances its ability to deliver good quality projects timeously and within budget. The company is located in the heartland of Durban but is well positioned nationally through its allies should the need arises to form such partnerships.
Tarice Trading engages the services of the local communities in line with the Government’s Broad-Based Economic Empowerment strategies.
AIRPORT PRECINCT DIVISIONS
Landside
This area is outside the terminal building, in areas used
by people and vehicles. It includes the roads network,
with access to all areas of the airport precinct, car rental
facilities, public parkades, shaded parking areas, adminis-
trative buildings and various other services and facilities.
The area is freely accessible to all users of the airport.
Pedestrian and vehicle movements are guided and man-
aged by ACSA with the support of eThekweni Metro Police.
Road Network
There is a system of roads feeding into the Airport and
Dube Trade Port’s road circulation networks, with
principle access off the main collector road that links
the N2 and the R102. The southbound carriageway to
the N2 will be tolled. ACSA is currently negotiating
concessions with South African National Roads Agency
(SANRAL) for the broader airport community.
Local access roads will allow for ingress and egress to
the staff parking, open parking, multi-storey parkade,
car rental, and drop-off and pick-up areas.
SPECIAL REPORT >
Photo by Russell Cleaver
Pick–up and Drop–off Areas
The pick-up areas are situated at grade, alongside the
piazza, with separate provision for private vehicles and
public transport. The drop-off area is situated on the
elevated roadway, outside the Departures Hall at the
terminal building.
Public Transport
Public transport facilities have been provided within the
precinct and cater for both bus and taxi demands.
Pedestrian Circulation
Pedestrian movement within the development area is
catered for through the provision of sidewalks where
significant numbers of pedestrians are anticipated.
A conscious effort has been made to minimise conflict between pedestrians, buildings and vehicles through the development of a ‘pedestrian sensitive’ traffic routing plan. Where conflicts are large and unavoidable, grade separation of vehicle and pedestrian movements
has been provided.
Terminal
Immediate focus at the new International Airport is inevitably the terminal building, with its impressive 150-metre roof span. Considering that the new air-port is almost triple the size of the old airport, it is here that the majority of the airport staff will spend their time, and it is where all passengers and the peo-ple who transport, meet and greet them, congregate.
The building incorporates the very latest design concepts
to make the working environment as effective as possible
SPECIAL REPORT >
Photo by Russell Cleaver
and to make a passenger’s movement through the neces-
sary processes from arrival (either from land or air) to de-
parture (air or land) as smooth and pleasant as possible.
The terminal is clearly demarcated between those ar-
eas freely accessible to the general public, through to
security checkpoints. From there, either a boarding
pass or security permit is required for access.
Airside
This is the part of the airport that is completely ‘security
controlled’. It is bounded by the security checkpoints in
the terminal building and extends to the airfield itself.
It is only accessible by a passenger with a valid boarding
pass or airport staff with a relevant security permit.
This area includes the passenger holding lounges and
allows access to the apron area, where aircraft are parked
and serviced. Passengers with a valid boarding pass
are restricted to specific areas within the general ‘air-
side’.
People with a valid security permit are only allowed
access to those areas specified on their permit.
FACTS AND FIGURES
Construction sites
Six construction sites were set up for the earthworks
to prepare the runway, taxiways and aircraft parking
areas (the size of 100 soccer pitches).
SPECIAL REPORT >
Photos by Russell Cleaver
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Personnel on site
In mid-2008, there were 2 100 contractors and sub-
contractors on site along with 200 earth-moving ma-
chines. In October 2009, 7 732 people worked on site.
Courier and parcel facility
There will be an international courier and parcel facility
designed to handle 1000 bags/parcels per hour in and
out, as well as a local parcel and courier facility designed
to handle 400 bags/parcels per hour in and out.
Capacity
The initial airport capacity will allow for 7.5 million
passengers a year with opportunities for significant
expansion, should it be required (figures are projected
at 45 million passengers by 2060).
Aircraft stands on the apron
The passenger terminal will initially have 18 Passenger
aircraft stands and by 2060, there will be parking space
on the apron for 96 aircraft.
SPECIAL REPORT >
Photos by Nicolas Gonzalez (top left & right)
and Russell Cleaver (top left & right)
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Runway and taxiways
The runway is 3.7 km x 60 metres wide and will be able to will accommodate the latest New Generation Large Aircraft (NGLA) including the Airbus A380, with space to expand to 4 km.
The runway and 10 taxiways cover 400, 000² and re-quired 230,000t of asphalt to complete (the equivalent of 35km of a four-lane highway).
Cargo building
Annually, between 50 000 and 90 000 tons of goods from Durban’s harbour are trucked to JHB airport for export. Most of this will now remain in Durban and will be flown out directly from the new airport via the state-of- the-art 160 000 m² cargo facilities (DIA cur-
rently has 39 000 m2 cargo facilities).
Support Zone
This includes platforms for future development of
conference, hotel and entertainment facilities which
will be a joint venture between ACSA and DTP.
Fuel
The fuel farm is equipped with four fuel tanks. The fuel
will be brought by truck from the refinery located near
the existing airport.
Landscaped gardens
Large areas that surround the terminal building are
being landscaped to enhance the overall aesthetics
of the airport.
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Photo by Russell Cleaver
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Composite
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Parking
The multi-storey parkade caters for 1500 vehicles
while there is a total of 6500 vehicle parking pays at
the new airport.
Road infrastructure
The traffic, engineering and transport planning was
undertaken to maximise accessibility and flexibility
to and around the new airport. The plans provide
sufficient flexibility to ensure that all future (2060)
projected transportation modes and requirements
have been considered. The proposed N2 interchange
which forms part of the development, will be the pri-
mary access road to the airport. A link road between
the airport and the N2 has been constructed.
Job creation
It has been estimated that the airport could create
between 165 000 and 260 000 jobs over the next 20
years.
Capital cost of the project
Although the capital cost of the project was originally
estimated at R 6,8-billion, a negotiated acceleration
programme amounting to R 400-million has increased
the capital cost to R 7,2-billion.
OPERATIONAL READINESS AND TRANSFER PROGRAM
The Operational Readiness and Transfer Programme
commenced in November 2009 when the familiarisation
programme was initiated. This involved taking the
bulk of the 3400 work force from the current airport
over to the new site, to familiarise them with the new
airport. More than 2500 of the staff have already
been exposed to their new home. This has injected a
positive energy into the process, with most of the
staff belonging to the various organisations confirming
their commitment to continue fulfilling their roles at
the new airport.
On 15 December 2009 the South African Civil Aviation
Authority successfully conducted calibration tests on
the runway lighting and navigational aids. This involved
a collaborative effort of various stakeholders, includ-
ing the building contractor, Air Traffic Navigation
Services (ATNS), ACSA and the ORAT Team.
On 14th January 2010 the first Basic End User Trial
started, involving the participation of key stakeholders
such as some of the airlines, ground handlers and
SPECIAL REPORT >
Photos by Russell Cleaver
17 GLENPARK, HIGHDALE ROAD, GLEN ANIL 4051P.O. BOX 202032, DURBAN NORTH 4016 TEL: 27 31 569 2964 - FAX: 27 31 569 2966 - EMAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: www.tekweniair.co.za
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Recent Projects>> King Shaka International Airport
>> Nelson Mandela Stadium, Port Elizabeth
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MOBILE: 083 775 8345
Recent Projects>> King Shaka International Airport
>> Nelson Mandela Stadium, Port Elizabeth
>> Ethekwini Hospital
>> Westville Prison Joint venture
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Suppliers of airconditioning toKing Shaka International Airport, La Mercy
ACSA. This programme involved testing the various com-
ponents of airport operations including flight data,
passenger handling, check-in and boarding processes,
baggage screening and the like.
The daunting but exciting task of relocating the airport
‘overnight’ to the new site will be the final phase of the
operation. Behind the scenes, a team headed by Bongiwe
Pityi (AGM Airport Operations) for ACSA, is working along
with a team of local and international consultants, to
make this a reality.
Pityi explained, “The plan is that on 30 April the last
aircraft will land at DIA and, after the passengers have
left the airport, those aircraft will be relocated to the
new airport. The equipment and resources will be re-
located for most of that previous week, with the balance
moved overnight on 30 April into the early hours of 1 May.
Fortunately, with 1 May being a Saturday, it is rela-
tively quieter from an operational perspective. On
this day, the new airport will commence operations.”
DECOMMISSIONING THE OLD AIRPORT
Once the new airport is fully operational, the current
airport will be decommissioned as an airport and all
aviation business will then be relocated and conduct-
ed at the new airport. This basically means that all
scheduled aircraft; domestic and international, will
be operating from the new airport from 1 May 2010.
The current airport, once decommissioned as an airport,
will be disposed of according to a decision that will be
made by a task team consisting of ACSA, Dti, National/
Provincial Government and eThekwini Municipality.
To emphasise the giant leaps taken in relocating the
airport, let’s take a look at a few comparisons between
what the Durban International Airport was able to cope
with and the new facilities.
Comparisons of Durban International Airport to King Shaka International Airport
Areas Durban King Shaka
Runway 2.4 kms 3.7 kms
Terminal Area 30 000 m2 103 000 m2
Air Bridges None 12
Public Parking 2490 6500
Retail Space 2900 m2 6500 m2
Aircraft Parking
Bays24 34
Lifts 11 25
Escalators None 12
Passenger
numbers 4.4 million pa 7.5 million pa
Check in
counters52 75
Retail outlets 14 50
Car rentals 8 10
“Although air travel has an element of fantasy sur-
rounding it, flying is generally stressful,” says Utria.
“One of the ways of reducing the stress is through
facilitating ease of access and efficient processes. A
world class facility of this quality has been long over-
due in the region and the opening of the new airport
will have great benefits for Durban and KwaZulu Natal.”
Considering the vastly improved facilities, compared with
the old airport, this can only bode well for the future. <
SPECIAL REPORT >