SOCIAL SCIENCE KEYNOTE

Confucianism and

Competitiveness explaining

Academic PerformanceDr Chris Baumann

Economist (SEBA)

MBA (SFU)

DBA (MQ)

Visiting Professor Seoul National University, Korea

Quiz – Global Competitiveness

Which statement(s) is/are true about Japan’s

competitiveness?

A. Japan ranks #7 in 2012/3

B. Japan was #10 in 2006/7 and is now #5

(2012/3)

C. Japan was #5 in 2006/7 and is now #10

(2012/3)

D. I just want morning coffee

http://www.idealog.co.nz/blog/2012/09/nzs-global-

competitiveness-improves-does-our-sustainable-edge

Global Competitiveness

Menu

How about this?

A. Speaker introduction

B. Seismic changes - Asian Century

C. Culture, competitiveness and

performance (Macro level)

D. Confucianism, competitiveness and

performance (Micro level)

E. Outlook

Sample heading text

Shares of world output

http://asiancentury.dpmc.gov.au/developme

nt/issues-paper/what-is-happening-in-asia

Chris Baumann & Hamin (2011) The role of culture, competitiveness and economic performance in

explaining academic performance: a global market analysis for international student segmentation,

Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 21:2, 181-201

CCPP Model

Culture in this study is

consequently modelled

as a formative construct

to allow for cross-

cultural analysis of the

55 countries.

CCPP Model

Chris Baumann & Hamin (2011) The role of culture, competitiveness and economic

performance in explaining academic performance: a global market analysis for

international student segmentation, Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 21:2, 181-

201

http://maaw.info/WorldCompetitivenessRep

orts.htm

Alternative Causal Directions

Competitiveness-Driven Model Education-Driven Model

Ridge Regression R2=.143

Ridge Regression Adjusted R2=.094

Beta (Competitiveness 2003) = 0.189=.006

N=37

Ridge Regression R2=.601

Ridge Regression Adjusted R2=.534

Beta (CIP Index) = 0.192=.006

Beta (Education 2003) = 0.130=.020

Beta (Uncertainty Avoidance) = -

.235<.001

Beta (Long-term orientation) = .158=.003

Beta (Indulgence Restraint) = 0.102=.064

N=35

Baumann, C., Winzar, H., (2014), The role of secondary education in explaining

competitiveness, Asia Pacific Journal of Education

Competitive Industrial

Performance (UNIDO)

Education & Competitiveness

Videos

https://docs.google.com/a/mq.edu.au/file/d/0B3efWh_DuN

o_MUR3OXY4NWkwVFE/edit

https://docs.google.com/a/mq.edu.au/file/d/

0B3efWh_DuNo_cE9FeXN3TXFOMXM/ed

it

https://docs.google.com/a/mq.edu.au/file/d/

0B3efWh_DuNo_cHc2NVB4TmNxVk0/edit

https://docs.google.com/a/mq.edu.au/file/d/

0B3efWh_DuNo_eWR0TUdIemZ3UXM/edi

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Quiz – Confucianism &

Competitiveness

Which statement(s) is/are true?

A. Confucianism is unrelated to

Competitiveness

B. Confucianism explains >50% of

Competitiveness for Caucasians

C. Confucianism hinders Competitiveness

D. Confucianism explains >50% of

Competitiveness for East Asians

Confucianism,

competitiveness and

performance

Baumann & Mirzaei (forthcoming)

29 April 2014

Confucius (551–479 BC)[1] was

a Chinese teacher, editor, politician,

and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn

period ofChinese history.

The philosophy of Confucius emphasized

personal and governmental morality,

correctness of social relationships, justice and

sincerity. His followers competed successfully

with many other schools during the Hundred

Schools of Thought era only to be suppressed

in favor of the Legalists during the Qin

Dynasty.

Following the victory of Han over Chu after the

collapse of Qin, Confucius's thoughts received

official sanction and were further developed

into a system known as Confucianism.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius

http://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordR

esults?ST9%20Confucianism

http://faculty.catawba.edu/cmcallis/history/a

ew/aew2.htm

Hofstede, G., & Bond, M. H. (1988). The Confucius connection: From cultural roots to

economic growth. Organizational dynamics, 16(4), 5-21.

Chris Baumann & Hamin (2011) The role of culture, competitiveness and economic performance in

explaining academic performance: a global market analysis for international student segmentation,

Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 21:2, 181-201

CCPP Model

Hue, M. T. (2007). Emergence of Confucianism from teachers' definitions of

guidance and discipline in Hong Kong secondary schools. Research in

Education,78(1), 21-33.

Sample Overview - Ethnicity

N: 140

Baumann & Mirzaei (forthcoming)

Micro level analysis

CompetitivenessConfucianism Performance

29 April 2014

Confucian Teaching Approach

(CTA) I respect authority.

I respect my parents.

I respect my teachers and professors.

I have polite manners.

Children should respect their parents at all times.

Children should respect their teachers and professors at all times.

Children should respect the elderly at all times.

I aspire to be a humble person.

I aspire to be an ethical person.

I aspire to have a virtuous character.

I aspire to dress appropriately depending on the occasion (e.g. formal, casual).

I aspire to address superiors by their title (e.g. Dr, Professor).

Teachers and Professors must act as role models for their students at all

times.

Teachers and Professors deserve immense respect in society.

I have a strong internalised mental aspiration to peak perform all the time.

I believe in "no pain, no gain".

Distinct ethnic groups

Lien Le Monkhouse , Bradley

R. Barnes & Thi Song Hanh

Pham (2013) Measuring

Confucian values among East

Asian consumers: a four

country study, Asia Pacific

Business Review,

19:3, 320-336

Confucianism – Competitiveness – Performance Model

Caucasian

Reflective modelling applied

Baumann, C., Elliott, G. & Hamin (2011),

Modelling Customer Loyalty in Financial Services: A Hybrid of Formative and Reflective

Constructs, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Volume 29, Number 2.

Confucianism – Competitiveness – Performance Model

Chinese

Confucianism – Competitiveness – Performance Model

Korean

Competi-

tivenessHealth Happiness

Academic

performance

Caucasian

model54% 38% 28% 15%

Chinese

model41% 29% 32% 16%

Korean

model67% 22% 7% 25%

CTA – Comp – Perf Model

Explanatory power

Outlook

Subtitle

Outlook

CompetitivenessConfucianism Performance

CompetitivenessConfucianism Performance

Quiz – Confucianism &

Competitiveness

Which way to go….

http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/primaryaged-students-expelled-and-suspended-in-rising-

numbers-as-schools-grapple-with-unruly-kids/story-fni0fit3-

1226946935252?nk=748bdfc5118f18f054fcab04f15825c0

Further reading Baumann, C., Winzar, H., (2014), The role of secondary education in explaining

competitiveness, Asia Pacific Journal of Education.

Harvey, M., and Baumann, C. (2012), Using Student Reflections to Explore

Curriculum Alignment, Asian Social Science, Vol. 8, No. 14.

Baumann, C., Tung, R.L. and Hamin, (2012), Jade will never become a work of art

without being carved: Western versus Chinese attitudes toward discipline in

education and society, Virginia Review of Asian Studies, Vol. 10 Iss: 1, pp. 1~17

Free access

Baumann, C. and Hamin (2011), The Role of Culture, Competitiveness and

Economic Performance in explaining Academic Performance: A Global Market

Analysis for International Student Segmentation, Journal of Marketing for Higher

Education, Volume 21 Issue 2. Free access

Eddey, P., and Baumann, C. (2011), Language proficiency and academic

achievement in postgraduate business degrees, International Education Journal:

Comparative Perspectives, Volume 10, Issue 1, p 34-46.

Eddey, P. and Baumann, C. (2009), Graduate Business Education: Profiling

Successful Students and its Relevance for Marketing and Recruitment

Policy, Journal of Education for Business, January/February, 160-167.

Caucasian

Chinese

Korean

Firm specific

Michael Porter Professor, Harvard Business School

Controllable & replicable

Differentiation focus: Strong service orientation, brand image, uniform, lounge convergence along Asian, Middle Eastern and Western clusters

Cost leadership: in the air & ground handling

Focus on on-time arrivals: budget airlines (e.g. Tiger),airport fees

Competitive Advantage (micro)

- Market and location

- David Ricardo British political economist 1772-1823

- Non-controllable & non-replicable Location advantage

Population size & growth (from disadvantage to advantage; China one child policy)

Asian century – increasing purchasing power

First time buyers

Lifestyle (travel, luxury, indulge)

Government support (fees, visa, local travel, infrastructure)

Comparative Advantage (macro)

- The winner takes it all

- Richard A. D’Aveni Professor of Strategy,Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College

- Controllable & replicable speed

1) Cost and quality: leader or follower

2) Timing and know-how: value chain efficiency

3) Strongholds core or distinctive competencies

4) Deep pocket – Financial capital (Resources) Innovation: quality- or cost-focus (or hybrid) How to finance upgrades?

Samsung – fast change – winner takes it all

SIA – first to buy A380

Emirates – showers in first class

Hyper Competition (time)

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Faculty of

Business

and

Economics

C10A

Campus Hub

Level 3