kerchner & laudenslager v obama - ballot challenge - brief on behalf of objectors - filed 28feb2012

8/2/2019 Kerchner & Laudenslager v Obama - Ballot Challenge - Brief on Behalf of Objectors - Filed 28Feb2012

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BDL^KGR C/ EG^BDOG^+ @^/+ Z Blrg oi/0 47 JF >8# Z N^AGC IO NGDLKC ICFLKG L/ KLWFGORKLMG^+ Z IN@GBVI^R

Z CAKGF NQ0In`gbvi~r+ Z EL^GO K/ EAGCG^+ GR\/Z LVVI^OGQ LV KL]Z XL/ A/F/ Oi/ 481=2

s/ Z


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Vdg Biorvavwvaio biovlaor gkamanakavq ~g|wa~gjgovr ci~ loqiog vi ng X~grafgov/ Vdgrg ~g|wa~gjgovr l~gcatgf lof gtbkwrasg lof ogavdg~ Biom~grr+ vdg Gtgbwvasg+ vdg Biw~vr+ oi~ vdg Rvlvgr blo lkvg~ i~ lff vi vdgrg|wlkacablvaior }avdiwv l biorvavwvaiolk ljgofjgov/ Ao i~fg~ vi ng gkamankg vi ng X~grafgov lof Bijjlofg~

ao Bdagc ic vdg Jakavl~q+ Nl~lbe Inljl dlr vi x~isg vdlv dg ar lo L~vabkg AA olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo/

Vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r aobkwfgf vdg olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo bklwrg ao L~vabkg AA/ Dgobg+ ci~ vdgj viaobkwfg vdlv bklwrg ao vdg Biorvavwvaio+ vdg bklwrg dlf vi dlsg l fgcaoavaio }dgo vdgq lfixvgf vdgBiorvavwvaio ao


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xl~govr!/ Vdgrg bavapgor ~gx~grgovgf ca~rv mgog~lvaio bavapgor }di gavdg~ }g~g oiv ni~o }avd v}i W/R/bavapgo xl~govr i~ oiv ni~o ao vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr/ Vdg rgbiof }lr vdg ji~g gtlbvaom L~vabkg AA olvw~lk ni~oBavapgo bklrr }dabd aobkwfgf iokq vdirg }di }g~g jlfg bavapgor nq vdg Kl}r ic Olvw~g }dabd bljgc~ij Olvw~gr Mif $Vdg Fgbkl~lvaio ic Aofgxgofgobg+ X~gljnkg! $ni~o vi bavapgo xl~govr! lof xiravasgkl} $x~isafaom vdlv vdgq ng ni~o ao vdg biwov~q! lof oiv iokq nq l Biom~grraiolk Lbv i~ rijg ivdg~xiravasg kl}/ ]avd vdar olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo bklrr+ vdg bdakf }lr ni~o ao vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr lof ni~o vi

v}i W/R/ bavapgo xl~govr/ Wofg~ vdga~ biorvavwvaiolk rbdgjg+ vdg olvw~lk ni~o BavapgoUrZ }g~g vi ng vdgbdakf~go ic vdg BavapgoUrZ ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr i~ }dlv vdg Biorvavwvaio ao avr X~gljnkg blkkr iw~Xirvg~avq/ Lr av bljg vi ng+ vdg i~amaolk BavapgoUrZ ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr }g~g x~ib~glvgf nq Gomkardolvw~lk ni~o rwn`gbvr lof rwn`gbvr ic ivdg~ olvaior lfdg~aom vi vdg Fgbkl~lvaio ic Aofgxgofgobg lof vdgLjg~ablo ^gsikwvaio/ Rwnrg|wgov BavapgoUrZ ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr }g~g vdgo gtxgbvgf vi bijg aovingaom nq Biom~grr gtg~baraom avr olvw~lkaplvaio xi}g~r wofg~ L~vabkg A+ Rgbvaio 4+ Bklwrg 6 i~ v~glvqxi}g~r wofg~ L~vabkg AA+ Rgbvaio >+ Bklwrg >/

L Ciw~vggovd Ljgofjgov ni~o / / / bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr }dabd faf oiv bijg aovi ngaom wovak


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bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr+ }di figr oiv rlvarcq nivd ic vdirg biorvavwgov gkgjgovr nwv gavdg~ iog i~ vdgivdg~ lof }dabd Biom~grr dlr fgbafgf+ gsgo vdiwmd oiv ni~o }avd cwkk lof bijxkgvg kgmlk+ xikavablk+ lofjakavl~q lkkgmalobg lof `w~arfabvaio iokq vi vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr nwv lkri vi rijg ci~gamo olvaio+ b~glvgrgoiwmd lkkgmalobg ci~ daj i~ dg~ vi ng lnkg vi ng jlfg l bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr nq xiravasg kl}rrwbd lr vdg Ciw~vggovd Ljgofjgov+ Lbvr ic Biom~grr+ i~ v~glvagr/ ]avd ~grxgbv vi vdg bavapgo ic vdarm~iwx }di ar ni~o ao vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr+ vdar bavapgo dlr bijg vi ng blkkgf l olvasgni~o bavapgo $oiv vi

ng biocwrgf }avd l olvasg lr fgcaogf wofg~ vdg kl} ic olvaior }dabd masgr vdg vg~j vdg rljg gtlbvjgloaom vdlv av masgr vi l olvw~lkni~o bavapgo!/ Lr }g rdlkk rgg+ vdar olvasgni~o bavapgo ar oiv lolvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo/

Lr av bw~~govkq rvlofr ao iw~ biorvavwvaiolk kl}+ vdg fgcaoavaio ic lo L~vabkg AA olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo ar lbdakf ni~o ao vdg biwov~q vi bavapgo xl~govr/ Vdar ar vdg rvlvwr |wi ic vdg jgloaom ic vdg bklwrg/ Loqiogl~mwaom vdlv vdg fgcaoavaio ic l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo aobkwfgr loq ivdg~ bklrr ic xg~rior dlr vdg nw~fgo vix~isg vdlv/ Ogavdg~ vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r+ Biom~grr+ oi~ iw~ W/R/ Rwx~gjg Biw~v gsg~ lfixvgf lfgcaoavaio ic l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo vdlv aobkwfgr loqiog ivdg~ vdlo l bdakf ni~o ao vdg biwov~q vi bavapgoxl~govr/

Ri+ lo L~vabkg AA olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo ar l }i~f ic l~v+ lo afaij+ }dabd dlr iokq iog catgf lof gtbkwrasgfgcaoavaio }dabd ar vdg iokq iog gsg~ ~gbimoapgf nq iw~ W/R/ Rwx~gjg Biw~v/ Vdlv fgcaoavaio ar l bdakfni~o ao vdg biwov~q vi bavapgo xl~govr/ Ao x~lbvablk vg~jr+ vdar jglor vdlv l olvw~lk ni~o bavapgo ar lxg~rio }di ao vdg gqgr ic vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r }lr ni~o iokq lr l W/R/ bavapgo lof oiv `wrv lkri lr lW/R/ bavapgo/ ^gbimoapaom vdlv l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo ar l bdakf ni~o ao vdg biwov~q vi bavapgo xl~govr aroiv ljgofaom vdg bw~~gov fgcaoavaio ic l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo+ nwv ~lvdg~ `wrv bioca~jaom }dlv vdlvfgcaoavaio dlr nggo raobg vdg ngmaooaomr ic iw~ olvaio/ Dgobg+ nq lxxkqaom vdg bw~~gov fgcaoavaio ic lolvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo ar oiv vi ~gv~ilbvasgkq lxxkq avr jgloaom vi Inljl/

Av ar rgkcgsafgov wofg~ L~vabkg AA+ Rgbvaio 12= lofvdlv wofg~ Xgoorqksloal kl} l xl~vq in`gbvaom vi l oijaolvaom xgvavaio dlr vdg nw~fgo vi rdi} vdlv vdgxg~rio cakaom vdlv xgvavaio ar oiv l xg~rio biorvavwvaiolkkq govavkgf vi cakg av/ ]g }akk x~grgov rwccabagovgsafgobg vi vdar Dioi~lnkg Biw~v rdi}aom vdlv Inljl ar oiv biorvavwvaiolkkq gkamankg vi ng gkgbvgfX~grafgov/ Lv vdlv xiaov Inljl rdiwkf bijg ci~}l~f }avd dar gsafgobg vi rdi} vdlv in`gbvi~r gsafgobg

lof kgmlk l~mwjgovr l~g aorwccabagov lof aoslkaf/ ]g rwnjav vdlv Inljl }akk oiv ng lnkg vi jggv vdlvbdlkkgomg/

Av ar J~/ Inljl+ l x~grafgovalk blofaflvg+ }di dlr vdg wkvajlvg biorvavwvaiolk nw~fgo ic x~iic wofg~L~vabkg AA+ Rgbvaio A+ Bklwrg 7 vi biobkwrasgkq x~isg vdlv dg i~ rdg ar+ ljiom ivdg~ vdaomr+ l olvw~lk ni~oBavapgo/ Masgo vdg bw~~gov fgcaoavaio ic l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo+ Inljl jwrv ao vdg gof x~isg v}ivdaomr+ iog ar vdlv dg }lr ni~o ao vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr lof vdg ivdg~ ar vdlv dg }lr ni~o vi v}i W/R/ bavapgoxl~govr/ Vdg In`gbvi~r }akk x~grgov gsafgobg }dabd }akk rdi} vdlv J~/ Inljl blooiv bl~~q dar nw~fgo iogavdg~ iog ic vdgrg ~g|wa~gjgovr/ Dg dlr clakgf vi biobkwrasgkq x~isg vdlv dg }lr ni~o ao vdg WoavgfRvlvgr/ Raobg dg }lr ni~o vi l oioW/R/ bavapgo clvdg~+ dg lkri blooiv x~isg vdlv dg }lr ni~o vi bavapgoxl~govr/ J~/ Inljl ar vdg~gci~g oiv lo L~vabkg AA olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo lof oiv gkamankg vi ng X~grafgov

Bixq x~isafgf biw~vgrq ic0 }}}/X~ivgbvIw~Kang~vq/i~m


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lof Bijjlofg~ ao Bdagc ic vdg Jakavl~q/ Ao vdg gqgr ic vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r+ vdg olvw~lk ni~oBavapgo bklwrg rg~sgf l olvaiolk rgbw~avq cwobvaior lof ar vdg~gci~g+ kaeg vdg Biorvavwvaio+ ajxi~vlov lof}i~vd x~grg~saom+ x~ivgbvaom+ lof fgcgofaom/ Vdar Dioi~lnkg Biw~v rdiwkf vdg~gci~g i~fg~ vdlv dar oljgng rv~abego c~ij vdg Xgoorqksloal x~grafgovalk x~ajl~q gkgbvaio nlkkiv lof vdlv vdg Xgoorqksloal Rgb~gvl~qic Rvlvg rgv lrafg dar oijaolvaom xgvavaio/

VDG XGOORQKSLOAL RGB^GVL^Q IC RVLVG JWRV EGGX NL^LBE INLJL ICC VDGNLKKIV CI^ VDG X^GRAFGOVALK X^AJL^Q GKGBVAIO NGBLWRG DG AR OIV LO

L^VABKG AA OLVW^LK NI^O BAVAPGO

Vdg Xgoorqksloal Rgb~gvl~q ic Rvlvg Dlr vdg Lwvdi~avq vi Eggx Nl~lbe Inljl Icc vdg Nlkkiv ci~

vdg X~grafgovalk X~ajl~q Gkgbvaio

>7 X/R/ >4=8 x~isafgr0

>4=8/ Lccaflsavr ic blofaflvgr

Glbd blofaflvg ci~ loq Rvlvg+ biwovq+ bavq+ ni~iwmd+ aobi~xi~lvgf vi}o+ vi}ordax+ }l~f+ rbdiik farv~abv+xii~ farv~abv+ gkgbvaio farv~abv+ xl~vq iccabg+ xl~vq fgkgmlvg i~ lkvg~olvg+ i~ ci~ vdg iccabg ic Woavgf RvlvgrRgolvi~ i~ ^gx~grgovlvasg ao Biom~grr+ rdlkk cakg }avd dar oijaolvaio xgvavaio dar lccaflsav rvlvaom$l! dar~grafgobg+ }avd rv~ggv lof owjng~+ ac loq+ lof dar xirviccabg lff~grr5 $n! dar gkgbvaio farv~abv+ masaom bavq+ni~iwmd+ vi}o i~ vi}ordax5 $b! vdg oljg ic vdg iccabg ci~ }dabd dg biorgovr vi ng l blofaflvg5 $f! vdlv dgar gkamankg ci~ rwbd iccabg5 $g! vdlv dg }akk oiv eoi}aomkq saiklvg loq x~isaraio ic vdar lbv+ i~ ic loq kl}~gmwklvaom lof kajavaom oijaolvaio lof gkgbvaio gtxgorgr lof x~idanavaom bi~~wxv x~lbvabgr ao bioogbvaiovdg~g}avd5 $c! wokgrr dg ar l blofaflvg ci~ `wfmg ic l biw~v ic bijjio xkglr+ vdg Xdaklfgkxdal JwoabaxlkBiw~v i~ vdg V~lccab Biw~v ic Xdaklfgkxdal+ i~ ci~ vdg iccabg ic rbdiik fa~gbvi~ ao l farv~abv }dg~g vdlv iccabgar gkgbvasg i~ ci~ vdg iccabg ic `wrvabg ic vdg xglbg vdlv dg ar oiv l blofaflvg ci~ oijaolvaio ci~ vdg rljgiccabg ic loq xl~vq ivdg~ vdlo vdg iog fgramolvgf ao rwbd xgvavaio5 $m! ac dg ar l blofaflvg ci~ l fgkgmlvg+ i~

lkvg~olvg fgkgmlvg+ jgjng~ ic Rvlvg bijjavvgg+ Olvaiolk bijjavvgg i~ xl~vq iccabg~+ vdlv dg ar l ~gmarvg~gflof go~ikkgf jgjng~ ic vdg fgramolvgf xl~vq5 $d! ac dg ar l blofaflvg ci~ fgkgmlvg i~ lkvg~olvg fgkgmlvg vdgx~grafgovalk blofaflvg vi }dij dg ar bijjavvgf i~ vdg vg~j wobijjavvgf5 $a! vdlv dg ar l}l~g ic vdgx~isaraior ic rgbvaio 3 ic vdar lbv ~g|wa~aom x~ggkgbvaio lof xirvgkgbvaio ~gxi~vaom ic bljxlamobiov~anwvaior lof gtxgofavw~gr5 lof $`! vdlv dg ar oiv l blofaflvg ci~ lo iccabg }dabd dg lk~glfq dikfr+ vdgvg~j ic }dabd ar oiv rgv vi gtxa~g ao vdg rljg qgl~ lr vdg iccabg rwn`gbv vi vdg lccaflsav/ Ao blrgr ic xgvavaiorci~ fgkgmlvg lof lkvg~olvg fgkgmlvg vi Olvaiolk biosgovaior+ vdg blofaflvg-r lccaflsav rdlkk rvlvg vdlv darramolvw~g vi vdg fgkgmlvg-r rvlvgjgov+ lr dg~gaolcvg~ rgv ci~vd+ ac rwbd rvlvgjgov ar ramogf nq rlaf blofaflvg+}lr lccatgf vi vdg rdggv i~ rdggvr ic rlaf xgvavaio x~ai~ vi vdg ba~bwklvaio ic rljg/ Ao vdg blrg ic l blofaflvgci~ oijaolvaio lr X~grafgov ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr+ av rdlkk oiv ng ogbgrrl~q ci~ rwbd blofaflvg vi cakg vdglccaflsav ~g|wa~gf ao vdar rgbvaio vi ng cakgf nq blofaflvgr+ nwv vdg xirviccabg lff~grr ic rwbd blofaflvg

rdlkk ng rvlvgf ao rwbd oijaolvaio xgvavaio/

Ri vdar xl~vabwkl~ rvlvg rvlvwg gtgjxvr Inljl c~ij cakaom lo lccaflsav rvlvaom vdlv dg ar biorvavwvaiolkkqgkamankg ci~ vdg iccabg ic X~grafgov/ Nwv vdlv Inljl figr oiv dlsg vi cakg rwbd lo lccaflsav wofg~Xgoorqksloal rvlvg kl} figr oiv jglo vdlv dg figr oiv dlsg vi x~isg vdlv dg ar biorvavwvaiolkkq gkamankgwofg~ L~vabkg AA+ Rgbvaio 12=+ x~isafgr+ ljiom ivdg~ vdaomr+ vdlv wxiolo in`gbvi~r bdlkkgomg vi l oijaolvaom xgvavaio+ ac vdg biw~v caofr vdlv vdg xgvavaio }lr oiv cakgf nq lxg~rio govavkgf vi cakg rljg+ vdgo vdg biw~v rdlkk rgv vdg xgvavaio lrafg/ Dgobg+ wofg~ Xgoorqksloal rvlvg



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rvlvwvg+ lo in`gbvi~ blo bdlkkgomg Inljl lr ngaom l xg~rio oiv govavkgf vi cakg l x~ajl~q x~grafgovalkgkgbvaio xgvavaio ngblwrg dg ar oiv biorvavwvaiolkkq gkamankg ci~ vdg iccabg dg rgger/ In`gbvi~r }akk rdi}vdlv Inljl ar oiv lo L~vabkg AA+ Rgbvaio


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=

bavapgo+ vdgo vdg olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo bklwrg }iwkf dlsg oi gccgbv/ Rwbd l biorv~wbvaio ar oivlfjarrankg/ Ac }g }g~g oiv vi masg rxgbalk jgloaom vi vdg }i~fr olvw~lk ni~o lof biobkwfg vdlv olvw~lkni~o Bavapgo lof bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr jglo vdg rljg vdaom+ vdg }i~fr olvw~lk ni~o ao vdgolvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo bklwrg ic L~vabkg AA }iwkf ng rwxg~ckwiwr/ Dgobg+ }g dlsg vi masg rxgbalk jgloaomvi vdg }i~fr olvw~lk ni~o/

Vdg W/R/ Rwx~gjg Biw~v blrg ic Farv~abv ic Bikwjnal s/ Dgkkg~+ 4 R/Bv/ >=42+ f 32= $>884! arsg~q aorv~wbvasg ao x~isafaom l jgvdifikimq vdlv iw~ biw~vr dlsg lfixvgf ci~ aovg~x~gvaom vdg Biorvavwvaio/Vdg~g vdg Biw~v kiiegf vi vdg vgtv ic vdg Biorvavwvaio avrgkc/ Av kiiegf vi vdg rv~wbvw~g ic vdg Biorvavwvaio/Av kiiegf lv }dlv rvlvg biorvavwvaior rlaf lof lkri vdg Cgfg~lkarv Xlxg~r/ Av rlaf vdlv fgnlvgr io vdgBiorvavwvaio $x~ggolbvjgov rvlvgjgovr! l~g oiv ~gkalnkg }dgo aovg~x~gv vdg vgtv ic vdg Biorvavwvaio/ VdgBiw~v rlaf vdg fgnlvgr l~g oiv ~gkalnkg ngblwrg vdgq fi oiv ogbgrrl~akq ~gckgbv vdg mgog~lk wofg~rvlofaomic farxwvgf vg~jr/ ^lvdg~+ vdg Biw~v rlaf fgnlvgr blo ng xg~rwlrasg masgo vdlv av blo ng l~mwgf vdlv vdgxgixkg }di sivgf io vdg kgmarklvaio x~inlnkq sivgf }avd vdlv wofg~rvlofaom ao jaof/ Af/ Vdg Biw~v rlafvdlv xirv ~lvacablvaio bijjgovl~q l~g riw~bgr vi fgvg~jaog vdg xwnkab wofg~rvlofaom ic l kgmlk vgtv ao vdgxg~aif lcvg~ avr golbvjgov i~ ~lvacablvaio/ Af/ Vdar ao|wa~q ar l b~avablk viik ic biorvavwvaiolk

aovg~x~gvlvaio/ Af/ Vdar wofg~rvlofaom ar x~isafgf nq aovg~x~gvg~r ic vdg biorvavwvaiolk x~isaraio ngaomgtljaogf ao vdg qgl~r cikki}aom avr golbvjgov lof ~lvacablvaio/ Af/

Vdg Vgtv ic L~vabkg AA+ Rgbvaio

60 dlsaom lo grrgovalk ~gklvaio }avd rijgiog i~ rijgvdaom 0 cikki}aom c~ij vdg olvw~g ic vdg iog

ao |wgrvaio ;dar mwakv ar l olvw~lk fgfwbvaio c~ij vdg gsafgobg?70 ajxklovgf i~ ngaom lr ac ajxklovgf nq olvw~g 0 rggjaomkq aoni~o ;l olvw~lk vlkgov ci~ l~v?30 ic i~ ~gklvaom vi olvw~g lr lo in`gbv ic rvwfq lof ~grgl~bd

=

http://puzo1.blogspot.com/2009/09/natural-born-citizen-clause-requires.htmlhttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/naturehttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/legitimatehttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/illegitimatehttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/illegitimatehttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/legitimatehttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/naturehttp://puzo1.blogspot.com/2009/09/natural-born-citizen-clause-requires.html


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0 dlsaom l rxgbacagf bdl~lbvg~ nq olvw~g ;l olvw~lk lvdkgvg?4l 0 ibbw~~aom ao bioci~javq }avd vdg i~faol~q biw~rg ic olvw~g 0 oiv jl~sgkiwr i~ rwxg~olvw~lk

;olvw~lk blwrgr? n 0 ci~jwklvgf nq dwjlo ~glrio lkiog ~lvdg~ vdlo ~gsgklvaio ;olvw~lk ~gkamaio? ;olvw~lk~amdvr? b 0 dlsaom l oi~jlk i~ wrwlk bdl~lbvg~ ;gsgovr cikki}gf vdga~ olvw~lk biw~rg?

1

0 xirrgrraom i~ gtdanavaom vdg damdg~ |wlkavagr $lr eaofkaogrr lof lccgbvaio! ic dwjlo olvw~g ;loinkg n~ivdg~ gsg~ jirv eaof lof olvw~lk Rdlegrxgl~g?


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> x~isafgr vdlv+ ao lffavaio vi ngaom lv kglrv >7 qgl~r ikf lof }dgo gkgbvgf vi ng lo Aodlnavlov ic vdgRvlvg ao }dabd dg rdlkk ng bdirgo+ l ^gx~grgovlvasg jwrv ng l Bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr ci~ = qgl~r/L~vabkg A+ Rgbvaio 2+ Bklwrg 2 x~isafgr vdlv+ ao lffavaio vi ngaom lv kglrv 28 qgl~r ikf lof }dgo gkgbvgf ving lo Aodlnavlov ic vdg Rvlvg ao }dabd dg rdlkk ng bdirgo+ l ^gx~grgovlvasg jwrv ng l Bavapgo ic vdgWoavgf Rvlvgr ci~ 1 qgl~r/ Vdg C~ljg~r x~isafgf ao L~vabkg A+ Rgbvaio > lof Rgbvaio 2 vdg gkamanakavq~g|wa~gjgovr ci~ vdgo lof cwvw~g ^gx~grgovlvasgr lof Rgolvi~r+ ~grxgbvasgkq+ }dabd }g~g+ ljiom ivdg~

vdaomr+ vdlv glbd dlf vi ng lv kglrv l Bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr ci~ = lof 1 qgl~r+ ~grxgbvasgkq/ ]g lkrieoi} c~ij L~vabkg A+ Rgbvaio > lof Rgbvaio 2 vdlv l Bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr ar l olvw~lkapgf bavapgo+ci~ vdirg rgbvaior rxgle ic vdg xg~rio ngaom gkamankg ci~ vdg iccabgr ic ^gx~grgovlvasg lof Rgolvi~ ac dg i~rdg ar l Bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr ci~ = lof 1 qgl~r+ ~grxgbvasgkq/ Bkgl~kq+ rwbd ~g|wa~gjgovr fi oivjloflvg W/R/ bavapgordax c~ij vdg jijgov ic na~vd/

^gml~faom X~grafgovalk gkamanakavq+ L~vabkg AA+ Rgbvaio


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88 qgl~r ar }~iom/ Vdgg~~i~ jlfg nq vdgrg xg~rior ar vdlv iw~ olvaio dlr ogsg~ dlf loq fiwnvr lniwv }dlv l olvw~lk ni~o

Bavapgo ar lof }g dlsg oiv dlf vi kgl~o vdlv fgcaoavaio isg~ vdg klrv >88 xkwr qgl~r/ Vdg g~~i~ vdlv ar jlfgnq vdgrg aofasafwlkr ar vdlv vdgq aolfsg~vgovkq i~ aovgovaiolkkq clak vi ~gbimoapgf vdlv iw~ nlvvkg fw~aom iw~darvi~q ~gml~faom bavapgordax dlr nggo isg~ }di jlq ng l bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr+ oiv isg~ }di jlqng l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo/

Av ar oiv rwccabagov vi rajxkq rlq vdlv l bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr ar gkamankg vi ng X~grafgov/ Vdg~g ar lb~avablk biorvavwvaiolk farvaobvaio ngv}ggo lo L~vabkg AA olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo lof lo L~vabkg AA Bavapgo icvdg Woavgf Rvlvgr lof l Ciw~vggovd Ljgofjgov bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr Vdar biorvavwvaiolkfarvaobvaio dlr lk~glfq nggo ~gbimoapgf nq rbdikl~r }di dlsg rvwfagf lof }~avvgo io vdg jgloaom ic lolvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo/ J~/ JbGk}gg+ ao dar xlxg~ io vdg |wgrvaio ic }dgvdg~ x~grafgovalk dixgcwk+Mgi~mg ^ijogq+ vdgo Misg~oi~ ic vdg Rvlvg ic Jabdamlo }di }lr ni~o ao Jgtabi vi W/R/ bavapgo xl~govr+

}lr l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo+ rvlvgf0 J~/ ^ijogq lxxgl~r x~inlnkq vi ng l bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr/Nwv+ vdg |wgrvaio wofg~ biorafg~lvaio ar oiv iog ic rajxkg bavapgordax nwv ~lvdg~+ }dgvdg~ dg ar l olvw~lkni~o bavapgo lr x~grb~angf ao vdg biorvavwvaio ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr ci~ vdg X~grafgobq/ Xabeogq M/JbGk}gg+ Vdg Jgloaom ic vdg Vg~j Olvw~lk Ni~o Bavapgo Lr Wrgf ao Bklwrg 6+ Rgbvaio < ic L~vabkg AAic vdg Biorvavwvaio ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr ^gklvaom vi Gkamanakavq ci~ vdg Iccabg ic X~grafgov $gjxdlrar ao vdgi~amaolk!+ Biom~grraiolk ^gbi~fDiwrg


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Vdg~g ar darvi~ablk gsafgobg c~ij lr gl~kq lr >#riw~bg:nk#ivr:Liì=Awt>P#ram:~4vO2mvrlFl^Q]ENit7cI]OXi6J#dk:go#ga:E6xNRs]3Bij@vmg2aO>fB\#rl:T#ia:niieY~grwkv#bv:~grwkv#~growj:2/ Loivdg~ f~lcv v~glvqrajakl~kq x~isafgf vdlv vdg rwn`gbvr ic dar N~avvloab Jl`grvq lof vdg bavapgor ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr rdlkkjwvwlkkq ng biorafg~gf lr Olvw~lk ni~o Rwn`gbvr # goìq lkk ~amdvr lof x~asakgmgr lr rwbd ao vdg^grxgbvasg Fijaoaior lof Vg~~avi~agr ao vdg jloog~ dg~gvici~g lbbwrvijgf/dvvx0))niier/miimkg/bij)niier9af:sgjb=Sw|e>#k~:

]g blo rgg vdlv nivd olvaior }lovgf vi jltajapg ngogcavr ci~ vdgjrgksgr/ Biobg~oaom ngogcavr ci~ WoavgfRvlvgr bavapgor+ bavapgor ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr }g~g vi goìq ao M~glv N~avlao lkk vdg rljg âmdvr+Kang~vagr+ X~asakgmgr+ lof Ajjwoavagr goìqgf nq olvw~lk ni~o rwn`gbvr ic M~glv N~avlao/ Biobg~oaomngogcavr ci~ rwn`gbvr ic M~glv N~avlao+ rwn`gbvr ic M~glv N~avlao }g~g vi goìq ao vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr lkkvdg rljg âmdvr+ Kang~vagr+ X~asakgmgr+ lof Ajjwoavagr goìqgf nq olvw~lk ni~o bavapgor ic vdg WoavgfRvlvgr/ Vdar v~glvq }lr lfslovlmgiwr vi nivd olvaior/ Ao vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr+ l bavapgo }lr oiv ogbgrrl~akql olvw~lk ni~o bavapgo/ Qgv ao M~glv N~avlao+ dg i~ rdg }lr lwvijlvablkkq v~glvgf lr ac dg i~ rdg }g~g lolvw~lk ni~o rwn`gbv ic M~glv N~avlao/ Lof ao M~glv N~avlao+ l rwn`gbv }lr oiv ogbgrrl~akq l olvw~lk

http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/jyinger/citizenship/history.htmhttp://books.google.com/books?id=vemc7Vuqk1YC&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=%22draft+articles+to+supplement%22&source=bl&ots=Aojo7Iux2Z&sig=r8tN3gtsaDaRYWKBox5fOWNPo4M&hl=en&ei=K4pBSvW6ComJtge3iN2dCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3http://books.google.com/books?id=vemc7Vuqk1YC&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=%22draft+articles+to+supplement%22&source=bl&ots=Aojo7Iux2Z&sig=r8tN3gtsaDaRYWKBox5fOWNPo4M&hl=en&ei=K4pBSvW6ComJtge3iN2dCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3http://books.google.com/books?id=vemc7Vuqk1YC&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=%22draft+articles+to+supplement%22&source=bl&ots=Aojo7Iux2Z&sig=r8tN3gtsaDaRYWKBox5fOWNPo4M&hl=en&ei=K4pBSvW6ComJtge3iN2dCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3http://books.google.com/books?id=vemc7Vuqk1YC&pg=PA214&dq=franklin+subject:%22History+/+United+States+/+Revolutionary+Period+(1775-1800)%22&lrhttp://books.google.com/books?id=vemc7Vuqk1YC&pg=PA214&dq=franklin+subject:%22History+/+United+States+/+Revolutionary+Period+(1775-1800)%22&lrhttp://books.google.com/books?id=vemc7Vuqk1YC&pg=PA214&dq=franklin+subject:%22History+/+United+States+/+Revolutionary+Period+(1775-1800)%22&lrhttp://books.google.com/books?id=vemc7Vuqk1YC&pg=PA214&dq=franklin+subject:%22History+/+United+States+/+Revolutionary+Period+(1775-1800)%22&lrhttp://books.google.com/books?id=vemc7Vuqk1YC&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=%22draft+articles+to+supplement%22&source=bl&ots=Aojo7Iux2Z&sig=r8tN3gtsaDaRYWKBox5fOWNPo4M&hl=en&ei=K4pBSvW6ComJtge3iN2dCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3http://books.google.com/books?id=vemc7Vuqk1YC&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=%22draft+articles+to+supplement%22&source=bl&ots=Aojo7Iux2Z&sig=r8tN3gtsaDaRYWKBox5fOWNPo4M&hl=en&ei=K4pBSvW6ComJtge3iN2dCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3http://books.google.com/books?id=vemc7Vuqk1YC&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=%22draft+articles+to+supplement%22&source=bl&ots=Aojo7Iux2Z&sig=r8tN3gtsaDaRYWKBox5fOWNPo4M&hl=en&ei=K4pBSvW6ComJtge3iN2dCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/jyinger/citizenship/history.htm


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0023=5 @iw~olk+ >> Lwm/Zlv vdg gof ic vdg / Oi Xg~rio gtbgxv l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo+ i~ l Bavapgo ic vdg W/ R/ lv vdg vajg ic vdg lfixvaio ic vdarBiorvavwvaio rdlkk ng gkamankg vi vdg iccabg ic X~grafgov0 oi~ rdlkk loq Xg~rio ng gkgbvgf vi vdlv iccabg+ }dirdlkk ng wofg~ vdg lmg ic 27 qgl~r+ lof }di dlr oiv nggo ao vdg }dikg+ lv kglrv 07=6+ 7145 Bijjavvgg ic RvqkgZRgbv/ >/ Oi Xg~rio gtbgxv l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo+ i~ l Bavapgo ic vdg W/ R/ lv vdg vajg ic vdg lfixvaio ic vdarBiorvavwvaio rdlkk ng gkamankg vi vdg iccabg ic X~grafgov0 oi~ rdlkk loq Xg~rio ng gkgbvgf vi vdlv iccabg+ }dirdlkk ng wofg~ vdg lmg ic 27 qgl~r+ lof }di dlr oiv nggo ao vdg }dikg+ lv kglrv


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+ Fgr Baviqgor gv Olvw~gkr+ l .bavapgo. ar l jgjng~ ic vdg basak ribagvq/ Vi ngbijg l .bavapgo.ar vi govg~ aovi ribagvq lr l jgjng~ vdg~gic/ Io vdg ivdg~ dlof+ Slvvgk }~ivg vdlv l olvasg i~ aofamgogr$}~avvgo ao C~gobd lr )kgr olvw~gkr)i~ )aofamgogr)! i~ olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo lr vdg vg~j klvg~ ngbljgv~lorklvgf c~ij C~gobd aovi Gomkard+ ar l bdakf ni~o ao vdg biwov~q ic v}i bavapgo xl~govr }di dlsg lk~glfqgovg~gf aovi lof ngbijg jgjng~r ic vdg ribagvq/ Slvvgk lkri vikf wr vdlv av ar vdg olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo}di }akk ngrv x~grg~sg lof xg~xgvwlvg vdg ribagvq/ Vdar fgcaoavaio ic vdg v}i farvaobv vg~jr lr }g rdlkk rgg

ngki} dlr nggo lfixvgf nq jloq Woavgf Rvlvgr Rwx~gjg Biw~v fgbaraior/ $Vdg Sgowr+ W/R/ >72 $+ Bklwrg


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23 $Bdlobgkkg~q Biw~v ic O/Q/


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>8

ao|wa~q ar }dgvdg~ Inljl ar l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo/

Jirv x~inlnkq ~gbimoapg vdlv Woavgf Rvlvgr bavapgor l~g b~glvgf gavdg~ lv na~vd i~ lv vdg jijgov icolvw~lkaplvaio/ Vdg ci~jg~ ar l olvasg $wraom vdlv vg~j ao avr jifg~o rgorg lof oiv ao vdg rgorg vdlv vdgCiwofg~r wrgf av! lof vdg klvvg~ ar oiv/ Jirv x~inlnkq lkri ~gbimoapg vdlv l olvw~lkapgf bavapgo ar oivgkamankg vi ng X~grafgov/ Nwv }dlv jloq clak vi ~gbimoapg ar vdlv vdg gsgov ic na~vd dlr v}i olvw~lk gkgjgovr

}dabd lk}lqr dlsg lof lk}lqr }akk ng x~grgov ao gsg~q na~vd0 $! vdgv}i xl~govr }di x~ib~glvgf vdg bdakf/ Dgobg+ rijg lkri clak vi wofg~rvlof vdlv vdg~g l~g v}i vqxgr ic ni~obavapgor+ iog ngaom l ni~o .Bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr. lof vdg ivdg~ ngaom l ni~o .olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo/.Wofg~ bw~~gov kl}+ l ni~o .Bavapgo ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr. ar iog m~lovgf vdlv rvlvwr wofg~ vdg

ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr vi ng gkamankg vi ng X~grafgov+ x~isafgf vdlv vdgq }g~g rwbd lv vdg vajg ic vdglfixvaio ic vdg Biorvavwvaio }dabd }g eoi} ibbw~~gf io Rgxvgjng~


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>>

isg~lkk cgl~ ic ci~gamo lof jiol~bdalk aockwgobg aoslfaom vdg Iccabg ic Bijjlofg~ ao Bdagc ic vdgjakavl~q/

Vdg Ciwofg~r }g~g sg~q jwbd biobg~ogf lniwv kiqlkvq vi vdg Ljg~ablo blwrg/ Vdgq icvgo wrgf kiqlkvqilvdr vi jleg rw~g xg~rior }g~g ~glkkq }avd vdg xlv~aivr lof oiv }avd vdg kiqlkarvr/ Vdg Ciwofg~r cgl~ icfarkiqlkvq lof ci~gamo lof jiol~bdalk aockwgobg lkri gtvgofgf vi vdg og} misg~ojgov vdgq dlf b~glvgf/ Av

}lr vdg cgl~ ic ci~gamo lof jiol~bdalk aockwgobg aoslfaom vdg Iccabg ic Bijjlofg~ ao Bdagc ic vdgjakavl~q vdlv x~ijxvgf @ido @lq+ iw~ ca~rv W/R/ Rwx~gjg Biw~v Bdagc @wrvabg+ vi }~avg vi Mgi~mg]lrdaomvio ao 7+ ! @ido @lq }lr oiv l fgkgmlvg vi vdg Biosgovaio5 dar sag}r biockabvgf}avd vdirg ic vdg jl`i~avq ao dar rvlvg+ Og} Qi~e+ lof dg }lr oiv gkgbvgf nq vdg rvlvg kgmarklvw~g/$2!Di}gsg~+ dg }lr l }gkkeoi}o camw~g }di dlf nggo X~grafgov ic vdg Biovaogovlk Biom~grr/

Ji~gisg~+ dg }iwkf ngbijg lo lwvdi~+ lkiom }avd Lkgtlofg~ Dljakvio lof @ljgr Jlfario+ icrijg ic vdg cljiwr Cgfg~lkarv Xlxg~r+ }~avvgo vi gobiw~lmgf Og} Qi~eg~r vi ~lvacq vdg x~ixirgfbiorvavwvaio+ lof+ lcvg~ vdg Biorvavwvaio dlf nggo ~lvacagf+ dg }iwkf ng lxxiaovgf lr vdg ca~rv Bdagc@wrvabg ic vdg W/R/ Rwx~gjg Biw~v/$6! Av rggjr ~glriolnkg vi rwxxirg+ vdg~gci~g+ vdlv dar kgvvg~bl~~agf rijg }gamdv/

@ido Qaomg~+ Vdg I~amaor lof Aovg~x~gvlvaio ic vdg X~grafgovalk Gkamanakavq Bklwrg ao vdg W/R/ Biorvavwvaio0]dq Faf vdg Ciwofaom Clvdg~r ]lov vdg X~grafgov Vi Ng l .Olvw~lk Ni~o Bavapgo.lof ]dlv Figr vdar Bklwrg Jglo ci~ Ci~gamoNi~o Lfixvggr9 $^gsargf Sg~raio+ Lx~ak 3+ >888!+dvvx0))clbwkvq/jlt}gkk/rq~/gfw)`qaomg~)bavapgordax)darvi~q/dvj/ Uciivoivgr0 >/ ijavvgf/ 2/ Iog riw~bg~gxi~vr vdlv dg dlf nggo lxxiaovgf lr l fgkgmlvg nwv fgbkaogf vi rg~sg/ Rgg ]akni~og G/ Ngovio+ gfavi~+

F~lcvaom vdg Biorvavwvaio+ Sik/ A/ $Bikkgmg Rvlvaio+ VT0 Vgtlr L#J Woasg~ravq X~grr+ 8/ A dlsgoiv nggo lnkg vi bioca~j vdar aoci~jlvaio ao loq ivdg~ riw~bg/ 6/ Lr iog rbdikl~ xwvr av+ Lkvdiwmd dg}lr oiv x~grgov lv Xdaklfgkxdal+ @lq-r sag}r }g~g eoi}o vi vdg jirv aockwgovalk fgkgmlvgr+ lof dg gsgoaofwkmgf ao l nav ic kinnqaom }dakg vdg Biovaogovlk Biom~grr }lr ao rgrraio/ ^abdl~f N/ Ji~~ar+]avogrrgr lv vdg B~glvaio0 Dljakvio+ Jlfario+ @lq lof vdg Biorvavwvaio $Og} Qi~e0 Dikv+ Vaogdl~v+ lof]aorvio+


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>2

Wo~griksgf Goamjl+ Jl~qklof Kl} ^gsag}+ Sik/ >4+ Oi/ < $]aovg~ 7+


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>6

l b~glvw~g ic vdga~ i}o vi vdg bdagc jlmarv~lbq ic vdg Woaio9 Nwv vdg biosgovaio dlsg mwl~fgf lmlaorv lkk

flomg~ ic vdar ri~v+ }avd vdg jirv x~isafgov lof `wfabaiwr lvvgovaio/ Vdgq dlsg oiv jlfg vdg lxxiaovjgov

ic vdg X~grafgov vi fgxgof io loq x~ggtarvaom nifagr ic jgo+ }di jamdv ng vljxg~gf }avd ngci~gdlof vi

x~irvavwvg vdga~ sivgr5 nwv vdgq dlsg ~gcg~~gf av ao vdg ca~rv aorvlobg vi lo ajjgfalvg lbv ic vdg xgixkg ic

Ljg~abl+ vi ng gtg~vgf ao vdg bdiabg ic xg~rior ci~ vdg vgjxi~l~q lof rikg xw~xirg ic jleaom vdg

lxxiaovjgov/ Lof vdgq dlsg gtbkwfgf c~ij gkamanakavq vi vdar v~wrv+ lkk vdirg }di c~ij ravwlvaio jamdv ng

rwrxgbvgf ic vii m~glv fgsivaio vi vdg X~grafgov ao iccabg/ Oi rgolvi~+ ~gx~grgovlvasg+ i~ ivdg~ xg~riodikfaom l xklbg ic v~wrv i~ x~icav wofg~ vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr+ blo ng ic vdg owjng~r ic vdg gkgbvi~r/

X~grafgov ]lrdaomvio }l~ogf vdg olvaio lniwv ci~gamo lvvlbdjgov lof aockwgobg/ Dg }l~ogf lniwvdl~ni~aom cggkaomr ci~ iogr clsi~avg olvaio lv vdg gtxgorg ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr/ Dg~g ar lo gtbg~xv c~ij]lrdaomvior Cl~g}gkk Lff~grr ic YYYY0

Rqjxlvdq ci~ vdg clsi~avg olvaio+ clbakavlvaom vdg akkwraio ic lo ajlmaol~q bijjio aovg~grv+ao blrgr }dg~g oi ~glk bijjio aovg~grv gtarvr+ lof aocwraom aovi iog vdg gojavagr ic vdg ivdg~+ngv~lqr vdg ci~jg~ aovi l xl~vabaxlvaio ao vdg |wl~~gkr lof }l~r ic vdg klvvg~+ }avdiwv lfg|wlvg

aofwbgjgov i~ `wrvacablvaio/ Av kglfr lkri vi biobgrraior vi vdg clsi~avg olvaio+ ic x~asakgmgr fgoagfvi ivdg~r+ }dabd ar lxv fiwnkq vi ao`w~g vdg olvaio jleaom vdg biobgrraior5 nq woogbgrrl~akq xl~vaom}avd }dlv iwmdv vi dlsg nggo ~gvlaogf5 lof nq gtbavaom `glkiwrq+ akk}akk+ lof l farxiravaio vi~gvlkalvg+ ao vdg xl~vagr c~ij }dij g|wlk x~asakgmgr l~g }avddgkf/

Lof av masgr vi ljnavaiwr+ bi~~wxvgf+ i~ fgkwfgf bavapgor+ $}di fgsivg vdgjrgksgr vi vdgclsi~avg olvaio+! clbakavq vi ngv~lq i~ rlb~acabg vdg aovg~grvr ic vdga~ i}o biwov~q+ }avdiwv ifawj+rijgvajgr gsgo }avd xixwkl~avq5 makfaom+ }avd vdg lxxgl~lobg ic l sa~vwiwr rgorg ic inkamlvaio+ lbijjgoflnkg fgcg~gobg ci~ xwnkab ixaoaio+ i~ l klwflnkg pglk ci~ xwnkab miif+ vdg nlrg i~ ciikardbijxkalobgr ic ljnavaio+ bi~~wxvaio+ i~ aoclvwlvaio/

Lr }g blo rgg+ ]lrdaomvio }l~ogf vdlv l xlrraiolvg lvvlbdjgov ic iog olvaio ci~ loivdg~+ x~ifwbgr lsl~agvq ic gsakr/ Lof rw~gkq ]lrdaomvio lr }gkk lr vdg ivdg~ Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r }iwkf oiv dlsg}lovgf vdg X~grafgov lof Bijjlofg~ ao Bdagc ic vdg Jakavl~q vi lkri ng }glegogf ao dar b~avablk olvaiolkfgbaraior nq loq rwbd ci~gamo aockwgobg/

L kl} x~icgrri~ ao vdg Woasg~ravq ic ]akkalj lof Jl~q+ l `wfmg ic Vdg Mgog~lk Biw~v ao Sa~maoal+ Rv/Mgi~mg Vwbeg~ lkri rg~sgf lr l jl`i~ ao vdg ^gsikwvaiol~q ]l~ lof }lr x~grgov lv vdg Nlvvkg icQi~evi}o/ Qaomg~ bavgr Vwbeg~-r V~glvarg io vdg Biorvavwvaio $


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>7

risg~gamo dg~gfavl~q x~aobg ngci~g vdg klvg ~gsikwvaio ao vdlv biwov~q/ Oi~ ar av }avd kgsavq vdlv A ~gjl~e+

vdlv vdg sg~q vavkg ic iw~ ca~rv jlmarv~lvg+ ao rijg jglrw~g gtgjxvr wr c~ij vdg flomg~ ic vdirg blkljavagr

nq }dabd Gw~ixglo olvaior l~g lkjirv xg~xgvwlkkq saravgf/ Vdg vavkg ic eaom+ x~aobg+ gjxg~i~+ i~ bpl~+

}avdiwv vdg rjlkkgrv lffavaio vi dar xi}g~r+ }iwkf dlsg ~gofg~gf daj l jgjng~ ic vdg c~lvg~oavq ic

b~i}ogf dglfr0 vdga~ bijjio blwrg dlr ji~g vdlo iobg vd~glvgogf vdg fgriklvaio ic Gw~ixg/ Vi dlsg

lffgf l jgjng~ vi vdar rlb~gf cljakq ao Ljg~abl+ }iwkf dlsg aosavgf lof xg~xgvwlvgf ljiom wr lkk vdg

gsakr ic Xlofi~l-r Nit/

Bdl~kgr Xaobeogq ic Riwvd Bl~ikaol }lr iog ic vdg fgkgmlvgr vi vdg Biorvavwvaiolk Biosgovaio ic 1 bijxiogovr iwv ic 38! ic vdg lfixvgf Woavgf Rvlvgr Biorvavwvaiocikki}r Xaobeogqr ~gbijjgoflvaior/ ^abdl~v Nl~q+ J~/ ^wvkgfmg ic Riwvd Bl~ikaol+ Lqg~ Bijxloq+Xwnkardg~r+ Aob/+ Rlkgj OD+ / x/ 24+


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>3

Ac lo gkgbvaio ar jlfg nq vdg Gkgbvi~r+ lof rwn`gbv vi oi cwvw~g biov~ik i~ ~gsaraio io vdg xl~v ic Biom~grr+vdgo vdg gof aovgofgf nq vdg Biorvavwvaio+ ic x~gsgovaom vdg aovg~cg~gobg ic ci~gamo aockwgobg+ arbijxkgvgkq lor}g~gf0 ci~+ gkgbvgf lr vdgq l~g+ lof sivaom lr vdg Gkgbvi~r jwrv+ vdg aovg~cg~gobg ic ci~gamomikf+ i~ aockwgobg+ ar ajxirrankg/ / / /

Av ar vi ng ~gjgjng~gf+ vdlv l~iwof vdg rglv ic Biom~grr }akk ng xklbgf lkk vdg ixgo lof lbb~gfavgfJaoarvg~r+ lr }gkk lr rgb~gv gjarrl~agr+ ic ci~gamo Xi}g~r/ Dg~g vii }akk ng lrrgjnkgf vdg biobglkgfkglfg~r ic fijgrvab clbvaio5 lkk vdg l~vr lof aov~amwgr vdlv dlsg nggo wrgf ao Gkgbvasg Misg~ojgovr ao vdgIkf ]i~kf+ }akk riio caof vdga~ }lq ljiom wr5 lof ac vdg Gkgbvi~r fi oiv biobglk vdga~ sivgr wovak vdg flqlxxiaovgf nq kl} ci~ ixgoaom vdgj+ lof ao blrg ic oi gkgbvaio nq vdgj+ lo ajjgfalvg iog nq vdg Diwrg ic^gx~grgovlvasgr figr oiv vleg xklbg+ }g rdlkk riio dlsg vdg rbgogr ic Xikard Fagvr lof gkgbvaior ~glbvgfdg~g+ lof ao oiv jloq qgl~r vdg clvg ic Xiklof jlq ng vdlv ic Woavgf Ljg~abl/

***

Bdl~kgr Xaobeogq ao vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr Rgolvg $Jl~bd >4+


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rgorg ic ~grafgobg ao vdg biorvavwvaio ar catgf fijabak+ i~ ngaom iwv ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr+ lof rgvvkgfln~ilf ci~ vdg xw~xirg ic mgog~lk aodlnavlobq+ loaji jlogofa+ lof oiv ci~ l jg~g vgjxi~l~q lofcwmavasg xw~xirg+ ao v~loravw/

Ci~ vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r+ av }lr lkk lniwv lkkgmalobg lof ri vdgq lxxkagf vdg olvw~lk ni~o bavapgo

biobgxv lr l nlrar vi lrrw~g vdg X~grafgovr lof Bijjlofg~ ao Bdagcr lnrikwvg lof rikg lkkgmalobg lofkiqlkvq c~ij na~vd vi vdg olvaio/ @lqr ~gbijjgoflvaio faf jleg av aovi vdg Biorvavwvaio/ L~vabkg AA+ Rgbvaio


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Jaoi~ rlaf vdlv vdg~g }g~g fiwnvr }dgvdg~ vdg bdakf~go ni~o ao vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr vi lkago xl~govr }g~gbavapgor/ Vdg Jaoi~ fgbaraio }lr fgbafgf ao


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dlf ao jaof }dabd x~isafgf vdg bklwrgr jgloaom }dgo vdgq }~ivg vdg bklwrg aovi vdg Biorvavwvaio/ Ri+ avar b~avablk vi eoi} }dlv kl} vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r ~gkagf wxio }dgo vdgq }~ivg vdg olvw~lk ni~oBavapgo bklwrg aovi vdg Biorvavwvaio/ Caofaom vdlv kl} }akk masg wr lrrw~lobg lr vi }dlv vdgq jglov }dgovdgq aobkwfgf vdlv bklwrg aovi vdg Biorvavwvaio/ Eoi}aom vdlv kl} lof biorwkvaom vdlv kl} lr vi avrfgcaoavaio ic l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo }akk lkki} wr vi lsiaf rxgbwklvaom lr vi }dlv vdg jgloaom ic lolvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo ar/ Iobg }g afgovacq vdlv kl}+ }g blo biobkwfg }avd bg~vlaovq }dlv vdg Ciwofg~r

lof C~ljg~r jglov }dgo vdgq }~ivg vdg olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo bklwrg/ A }akk fgjiorv~lvg dg~g vdlv vdgCiwofg~r bdirg vdg kl} ic olvaior lr vdg kl} wxio }dabd vdgq ~gkagf vi fgcaog l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo lofoiv vdg Gomkard bijjio kl}/ Ri+ iobg }g afgovacq vdlv kl} ic olvaior lof fgvg~jaog di} av fgcaogf lolvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo }g blo eoi} }avd bg~vlaovq }dlv l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo ar/

Vdg Jivaslvaio ci~ Lxxkqaom Iog Kl} ^lvdg~ vdlo Loivdg~

Ri vi }dlv kl} faf vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r kiie vi fgcaog l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo9 Vi wofg~rvlof }dlvlo L~vabkg AA olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo ar+ }g dlsg vi ~gsg~v vi vdg Ciwofaom g~l vi fgvg~jaog }dlv vdgCiwofg~r lof C~ljg~r aovgofgf vdlv bklwrg vi jglo/ Ao lolkqpaom }dlv jgloaom vdg C~ljg~r mlsg vi vdgolvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo bklwrg+ }g jwrv ~gjgjng~ vdlv vdgq }~ivg vdg Biorvavwvaio ao vdg darvi~ablk biovgtv

ic dlsaom xkloogf lof }io l ^gsikwvaio lof ao dlsaom vi biorvavwvg l og} ribagvq/ Ri+ ao kiieaom ci~ vdgjgloaom ic }i~fr lof xd~lrgr vdlv vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r lfixvgf aovi vdg Biorvavwvaio+ }g dlsg vikiie vi }dlv riw~bgr ic eoi}kgfmg vdgq ~gkagf wxio }dabd n~iwmdv vdgj vi camdv vdg ~gsikwvaio lof vdgo}~avg vdg Biorvavwvaio/

Vdg aovgkkgbvwlk jaofrgv ic vdg ]damr ar b~avablk ao wofg~rvlofaom vdg jgloaom ic l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo/Vdg ~glrio ci~ vdg Ljg~ablo ^gsikwvaio avrgkc x~isafgr m~glv aoramdv aovi farbisg~aom avr jgloaom/Vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r kiiegf vi sl~aiwr riw~bgr vi x~isafg vdgj }avd vdga~ afglr ci~ x~ivgbvaom lofx~grg~saom kang~vq/ Vdgq invlaogf jloq ic vdga~ xikavablk lof xdakirixdablk afglr c~ij vdg Gokamdvgojgov/Vdgq rl} l m~glv oggf vi x~ivgbv kang~vq c~ij vq~looq/ Vdgq kiiegf vi woasg~rlk x~aobaxkgr+ darvi~q+~gkamaio+ olvw~lk kl}+ ~glrio+ rgkcgsafgov x~aobaxkgr+ xikavablk xdakirixdg~r+ lof vdg kl} ic olvaior ci~ vdga~

aorxa~lvaio/ Ao vdar aovgkkgbvwlk x~ibgrr+ vdgq ~g`gbvgf vdlv xl~v ic Gomkard bijjio kl} }dabd }lr oivbiorarvgov }avd woasg~rlk x~aobaxkgr/

]g blo vleg l kiie lv di} vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r }iwkf dlsg fgcaogf l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo nqgtljaoaom di} Rv/ Mgi~mg Vwbeg~ fgvg~jaogf }dgvdg~ l xg~rio rdiwkf dlsg vdg ~amdv vi gtxlv~alvg/ Ao darNklberviogr Bijjgovl~agr < $


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Lvvi~ogq Mgog~lk Nlvgr ar bi~~gbv vdlv l .olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo. ar fgcaogf nq .woasg~rlk x~aobaxkg+ bijjiovi lkk olvaior/. Lr Vwbeg~ fgjiorv~lvgr+ vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r eog} vdlv vdlv woasg~rlk x~aobaxkg arciwof+ ljiom ivdg~ riw~bgr+ ao olvw~lk kl} }dabd vdgq lkri eog} }dgo lxxkagf vi olvaior ngbljg vdg kl}ic olvaior/Z

Vdgq }g~g aorxa~gf nq lof ciwof `wrvacablvaio ao vdg xikavablk xdakirixdq icolvw~lk kl} lof vdg kl} ic

olvaior lof oiv vdlv ic vdg Gomkard bijjio kl} ao miaom ci~}l~f }avd vdlv ^gsikwvaio lof lr }g rdlkk rggvdgq ~gkagf io vdlv rljg kl} }dgo fgcaoaom olvaiolk bavapgordax/ @gccg~rio+ ao vdg Fgbkl~lvaio icAofgxgofgobg+ }~ivg bklwrgr rwbd lr Kl}r ic Olvw~g lof ic Olvw~gr Mif govavkg vdgj+ vdgrg V~wvdr ving rgkcgsafgov+ lof wolkagolnkg ^amdvr/ Vdgrg l~g olvw~lk kl} biobgxvr/ Ri kgv wr vleg l kiie lv }dlvvdg kl} ic olvw~g rlaf lniwv ribagvq ao mgog~lk lof xg~rior rxgbacablkkq }dabd vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r}iwkf dlsg bijg vi wofg~rvlof vd~iwmd vdga~ ~glfaom lof rvwfq/

Olvw~lk kl} ar bijx~argf ic v~wvdr vdlv l~g woasg~rlk i~ rgkcgsafgov+ jgloaom vdlv vdgq l~g lvvlaolnkg vixgixkg c~ij oi jlvvg~ }dlv vajg nq wrg ic vdga~ ~glrio/ Vdg diogrv wrg ic vdar ~glrio }akk x~ifwbg vdlv}dabd ar miif ci~ xgixkg lof }dabd x~ijivgr vdga~ dlxxaogrr/ Vdgrg woasg~rlk v~wvdr l~g vdg ji~lkciwoflvaio ci~ lkk kgmavajlvg kl}r vdlv misg~o olvaior lof vdga~ xgixkg/ Vdgrg v~wvdr l~g lkri ajjwvlnkg

lof naofaom/ Vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r ngkagsgf vdlv olvw~lk kl} bljg c~ij Olvw~gr Mif/ VdgFgbkl~lvaio ic Aofgxgofgobg+ xl~l/ < $W/R/ 2!+ vd~iwmd rvwfq ic ^ijlo olvw~lk kl}+ bklajgf ao Bi~xwr `w~ar basakar vdlv .Nq kl} icolvw~g lkk jgo l~g g|wlk/. Lr }g }akk rgg+ vdg fgcaoavaio ic lo L~vabkg AA olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo figr oivgof }avd olvw~lk i~ olvw~lk kl}+ nwv ~lvdg~ iokq vdg~g ngmaor/

L rvlvg ic olvw~g x~ifwbgr olvw~lk kl}/ L kaio ar ni~o ao vdg }akf/ Av ar vdg rvlvg ic olvw~g avrgkc }dabdvglbdgr lof gtxgbvr vdg kaio vi eakk ivdg~ loajlkr ci~ dar rw~saslk/ Vdg lbvaior ic vdlv kaio }dabd l~g

`wrvacagf nq dar biofavaio lof rw~saslk oggfr ngbijg olvw~lk kl}/ Dwjlor dlsg lkri gtarvgf ao l rvlvg icolvw~g/ ]dgo dwjlor nlof vimgvdg~ ngblwrg ic vdga~ oggf vi rw~sasg lof ci~ vdga~ jwvwlk lfslovlmg+ av arrlaf vdlv vdgq l~g jgjng~r ic vdlv m~iwx/ Ao vdar rgorg+ jgjng~rdax ao l m~iwx ar `wrvacagf ngblwrg ic

xgixkgr biofavaio lof vdg oggf vi rw~sasg/ Vdlv m~iwx jgjng~rdax ar lkri rv~abvkq vdg x~ifwbv ic olvw~lkkl}/

Olvaio rvlvgr $ao vdg xlrv blkkgf bavq rvlvgr!+ }dabd l~g rixdarvablvgf i~mloaplvaior ic xgixkg kgmlkkqxikavablkkq niwof vimgvdg~ nq olvaiolkavq+ bwkvw~g+ ~gkamaio+ klomwlmg+ ~lbg+ i~ rijg ivdg~ clbvi~ lof kasaomio l vg~~avi~q vdlv ar fgcaogf nq l kgmlk niwofl~q+ fi oiv gtarv ao l rvlvg ic olvw~g/ ^lvdg~+ }dlv figr gtarvao l rvlvg ic olvw~g ar na~vd aovi l m~iwx vd~iwmd xl~govr }di ngkiom vi vdlv m~iwx/ Vdg m~iwx aodg~avr c~ijxlrv mgog~lvaior bwrvijr+ v~lfavaior+ lof wrlmgr }dabd l~g vdgo xlrrgf io vi cwvw~g mgog~lvaior nq xl~govrvi vdga~ bdakf~go/ Vd~iwmd na~vd vi xl~govr vdlv ngkiom vi vdg m~iwx }di ~gl~ lof gfwblvg vdirg bdakf~go+vdg bdakf~go lkri lb|wa~g olvw~lk lkkgmalobg vi vdga~ i}o xl~govr lof wkvajlvgkq vi vdg m~iwx/ ]g blosarwlkapg vdg Olvasg Ljg~ablo Aofalor+ }di kasgf ao l rvlvg ic olvw~g/ Ljg~ablo Aofalor ngbljg jgjng~ric vdga~ v~angr rajxkq nq ngaom ni~o vi v~ang jgjng~ xl~govr/ Vdg klof io }dabd vdgq }g~g ni~o faf oivfgvg~jaog vdga~ jgjng~rdax rvlvwr/ Vdg~g }g~g oi i~mloapgf olvaio rvlvgr i~ misg~ojgovr nlrgf ioci~jlk kl}r lof vdga~ jgjng~rdax }lr oiv bavapgordax/ Ogsg~vdgkgrr+ vd~iwmd olvw~lk lkkgmalobg$kamgloval olvw~lkar!+ bdakf~go ni~o aovi vdg v~angr m~g} vi ng lfwkvr }di wrwlkkq jlaovlaogf nq vlbavbiorgov lkkgmalobg vi vdga~ xl~govr lof vi vdg v~angr aovi }dabd vdgq }g~g ni~o/

Nwv bavapgordax ao l olvaio rvlvg ar l x~ifwbv ic olvw~lk kl} lof xiravasg kl}/ Av ar olvw~lk kl} vdlv masgrxgixkg vdga~ aovgkkamgobg lof ~glrio/ C~ij vdlv aovgkkamgobg lof ~glrio xgixkg fgbafg vdlv av ar ao vdga~ ngrvaovg~grv vi b~glvg basak ribagvq lof vdg olvaio rvlvg/ Ao vdlv x~ibgrr+ vdgq b~glvg xiravasg kl} }dabd x~isafgrvdg ci~jlk ciwoflvaio ci~ oggfgf aorvavwvaior }dabd aobkwfg misg~ojgov lof jgjng~rdax ao vdlv olvaiorvlvg }dabd ao l ~gxwnkab ar blkkgf bavapgordax/ Ao l ~gxwnkab+ xgixkg woavg vi b~glvg basak ribagvq lofvd~iwmd vdga~ biorgov b~glvg lo i~mloapgf misg~ojgov }dirg kajavgf jloflvg ar vi x~ijivg vdg xgixkgr

dlxxaogrr nq x~ivgbvaom vdga~ wolkagolnkg ~amdvr vi kacg+ kang~vq+ lof x~ixg~vq/ L jgjng~ ic vdlv ~gxwnkab ar

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Av ar lkri ramoacablov vdlv @ido @lq+ ao dar cljiwr kgvvg~ ic @wkq >7+ ! @ido @lq }lr oiv l fgkgmlvg vi vdg Biosgovaio5 dar sag}r biockabvgf}avd vdirg ic vdg jl`i~avq ao dar rvlvg+ Og} Qi~e+ lof dg }lr oiv gkgbvgf nq vdg rvlvg kgmarklvw~g/$2!Di}gsg~+ dg }lr l }gkkeoi}o camw~g }di dlf nggo X~grafgov ic vdg Biovaogovlk Biom~grr/Ji~gisg~+ dg }iwkf ngbijg lo lwvdi~+ lkiom }avd Lkgtlofg~ Dljakvio lof @ljgr Jlfario+ icrijg ic vdg cljiwr Cgfg~lkarv Xlxg~r+ }~avvgo vi gobiw~lmgf Og} Qi~eg~r vi ~lvacq vdg x~ixirgfbiorvavwvaio+ lof+ lcvg~ vdg Biorvavwvaio dlf nggo ~lvacagf+ dg }iwkf ng lxxiaovgf lr vdg ca~rv Bdagc@wrvabg ic vdg W/R/ Rwx~gjg Biw~v/$6! Av rggjr ~glriolnkg vi rwxxirg+ vdg~gci~g+ vdlv dar kgvvg~bl~~agf rijg }gamdv/

@ido Qaomg~+ Vdg I~amaor lof Aovg~x~gvlvaio ic vdg X~grafgovalk Gkamanakavq Bklwrg ao vdg W/R/ Biorvavwvaio0

]dq Faf vdg Ciwofaom Clvdg~r ]lov vdg X~grafgov Vi Ng l .Olvw~lk Ni~o Bavapgo.lof ]dlv Figr vdar Bklwrg Jglo ci~ Ci~gamoNi~o Lfixvggr9 $^gsargf Sg~raio+ Lx~ak 3+ >888!+dvvx0))clbwkvq/jlt}gkk/rq~/gfw)`qaomg~)bavapgordax)darvi~q/dvj/ Uciivoivgr0 >/ ijavvgf/ 2/ Iog riw~bg~gxi~vr vdlv dg dlf nggo lxxiaovgf lr l fgkgmlvg nwv fgbkaogf vi rg~sg/ Rgg ]akni~og G/ Ngovio+ gfavi~+F~lcvaom vdg Biorvavwvaio+ Sik/ A/ $Bikkgmg Rvlvaio+ VT0 Vgtlr L#J Woasg~ravq X~grr+ 8/ A dlsgoiv nggo lnkg vi bioca~j vdar aoci~jlvaio ao loq ivdg~ riw~bg/ 6/ Lr iog rbdikl~ xwvr av+ Lkvdiwmd dg}lr oiv x~grgov lv Xdaklfgkxdal+ @lq-r sag}r }g~g eoi}o vi vdg jirv aockwgovalk fgkgmlvgr+ lof dg gsgoaofwkmgf ao l nav ic kinnqaom }dakg vdg Biovaogovlk Biom~grr }lr ao rgrraio/ ^abdl~f N/ Ji~~ar+]avogrrgr lv vdg B~glvaio0 Dljakvio+ Jlfario+ @lq lof vdg Biorvavwvaio $Og} Qi~e0 Dikv+ Vaogdl~v+ lof]aorvio+


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ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr/ Oivg vdlv @lq }lovgf l rv~iom bdgbe vdlv }iwkf x~gsgov l ci~gamog~ c~ij ngbijaomvdg Bijjlofg~ ao Bdagc/ Dgobg+ loq fgcaoavaio ic olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo jwrv x~isafg iw~ olvaio }avd vdgrv~iomgrv bdgbe xirrankg io ci~gamo aockwgobg aoslfaom vdg Iccabg ic X~grafgov lof Bijjlofg~ ao Bdagc icvdg Jakavl~q/ Vd~iwmd vdg olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo bklwrg+ }dabd ~g|wa~gf na~vd ao vdg biwov~q vi bavapgoxl~govr+ vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r rl} l }lq vi jleg rw~g vdlv cwvw~g X~grafgovr lof Bijjlofg~r aoBdagc ic vdg Jakavl~q }iwkf dlsg lkkgmalobg iokq vi vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr/

]dlv vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r kgl~ogf c~ij M~gge lobagov darvi~q }lr bioca~jgf nq îjlo lobagovdarvi~q/ Vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r kiiegf vi lobagov îjlo darvi~q vi kgl~o di} ngrv vi biorvavwvg l~gxwnkablo ci~j ic misg~ojgov/ Vdgq lkri kiiegf vi lobagov îjlo kl} vi wofg~rvlof vdg kl} ic olvw~g/

Kgt JGORAL+ Vdlv l bdakf rdiwkf ng dgkf lr l ci~gamog~+ ac gavdg~ ic vdg xl~govr }lr ri/ Nwv ac nivdxl~govr }g~g îjlor lof jl~~agf+ bdakf~go lk}lqr invlaogf vdg ~loe ic vdg clvdg~+ $xlv~gj rg|wwovw~kang~a+ Kas/ as/ 6/z lof ac wojl~~agf+ ic vdg jivdg~+ Waxalo/ Lkgtlofg~ Lflj+ îjlo lova|wavagr0 i~+ Lolbbiwov ic vdg jloog~r lof bwrvijr ic vdg îjlor >http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fedpapers.htmlhttp://www.greschak.com/essays/natborn/index.htmhttp://puzo1.blogspot.com/2009/04/article-ii-natural-born-citizen-means.htmlhttp://puzo1.blogspot.com/2009/04/article-ii-natural-born-citizen-means.htmlhttp://puzo1.blogspot.com/2009/04/article-ii-natural-born-citizen-means.htmlhttp://puzo1.blogspot.com/2009/04/article-ii-natural-born-citizen-means.htmlhttp://www.greschak.com/essays/natborn/index.htmhttp://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fedpapers.html


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ni~o bavapgo lof vdg }i~f olvasg lof vdg v~lorklvi~r wrgf vdg }i~fr aovg~bdlomglnkq vi jglo vdg rljgvdaom/ Vdar ckwbvwlvaio ao v~lorklvaio gtxklaor }dq vdg Ciwofg~r+ vii+ wrgf vdg }i~fr olvasg lof olvw~lkni~o Bavapgo rqoioqjiwrkq/

\waovakalowr lkri x~isafgr lo gtxklolvaio ic di} vdg C~ljg~r v~lorklvgf Slvvgk nq vleaom dar C~gobd }i~fric Kgr olvw~gkr+ iw aofamgogr i~ vdg rljg }i~fr v~lorklvgf aovi Gomkard lr olvasgr i~ aofamgogr lof

v~lorklvgf i~ biosg~vgf vdgj aovi olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo }dabd ar }dlv vdgq }~ivg aovi L~vabkg AA/ Ngaomlnkg vi ~glf lof wofg~rvlof vdg fgcaoavaior vdlv Slvvgk mlsg vi vdg bklwrg Kgr olvw~gkr+ iw aofamgogr $ aoC~gobd! lof Vdg olvasgr i~ aofamgogr $ao Gomkard!+ vdgq ~glkapgf vdlv Slvvgkr bklwrgr lr }~avvgo ao gavdg~C~gobd i~ Gomkard }g~g vdg g|waslkgov vi olvasg i~ olvw~lk ni~o bavapgo }avd }dabd vdgq }g~g cljakal~c~ij dlsaom ciwof vdg bklwrgr ao lobagov Klvao vgtv i~ avr Gomkard v~lorklvaior vdlv }g rl} lnisg/ VdgCiwofg~r }iwkf dlsg nggo cljakal~ }avd nivd olvw~lk ni~o bavapgo lof olvasg c~ij dlsaom rggo vdg v}igtx~grraior ao vdgrg sl~aiwr Gomkard v~lorklvaior ic vdg lobagov Klvao vgtv/ Vdgrg Gomkard v~lorklvaior viievdg Klvao bklwrg lkwjowj w~nar ikglov lof v~lorklvgf av aovi gavdg~ olvasg i~ olvw~lk ni~o bavapgo/Dgobg+ av lxxgl~r vdlv vdg Gomkard v~lorklvi~r ngkagsgf vdlv gavdg~ olvasg i~ olvw~lk ni~o bavapgoblxvw~gf vdg jgloaom ic lkwjowj w~nar ikglov/ Vdg C~ljg~r+ lxxkqaom vdga~ rvwfq lof eoi}kgfmg icolvw~lk kl}+ }iwkf dlsg g|wlvgf Slvvgkr fgrb~axvaio ic Kgr olvw~lkr+ iw aofamgogr i~ vdg olvasgr i~

aofamgogr ciwof ao Rgbvaio >+ }dabd }lr l bavapgo ic v~wg i~amao lof vdg~gci~g ic vdg damdgrv i~fg~ }avd}dlv \waovaklowr blkkgf lkwjowj i~nar ikglov+ lkri biorafg~gf nq daj vi ng l bavapgo ic v~wg ^ijloi~amao lof ic vdg damdgrv i~fg~/ Ao clbv+ fw~aom vdg biorvavwvaiolk fgnlvgr vdg C~ljg~r lkri wrgf nivdolvw~lk ni~o bavapgo lof olvasg aovg~bdlomglnkq+ `wrv lr vdg Gomkard v~lorklvi~r ic vdg Klvao vg~jlkwjowj i~nar ikglov faf/ Av }iwkf ng damdkq biaobafgovlk vdlv nivd vdg Gomkard v~lorklvi~r ic\waovakalowr Klvao vgtv lof vdg Ciwofg~r }iwkf dlsg nggo wraom vdirg v}i bklwrgr aovg~bdlomglnkq wokgrrvdgq }g~g ~gcg~~aom vi vdg rljg biobgxv+ lkwjowj i~nar ikglov/ ]g eoi} vdlv vdg C~ljg~r bdirgolvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo ~lvdg~ vdlo olvasg/ Vdgq vdgo lxxkagf Slvvgkr fgcaoavaior vi vdg olvw~lk ni~obavapgo bklwrg vdlv vdgq rgkgbvgf/ Av ar lkri ramoacablov vdlv vdg Gomkard v~lorklvi~ ic vdg of gf/


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ng biocwrgf }avd lo L~vabkg AA olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo! }dabd rvlvwr dg oggfgf wofg~ L~vabkg A+ Rgbvaio >+Bklwrg > vi ng gkamankg vi rav lr l jgjng~ ic vdg Diwrg ic ^gx~grgovlvasgr+ bavgf Slvvgk lof grxiwrgf lof~gkagf wxio dar fgcaoavaio ic l bavapgo lof oiv wxio vdlv x~isafgf nq vdg Gomkard bijjio kl} i~Nklberviog vi fgcaog bavapgordax ao vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr lof lr lwvdi~avq vi x~isg vdlv dg }lr l bavapgo ic vdgWoavgf Rvlvgr ic rgsgo qgl~r/

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kl} ic olvaior }dabd }lr nlrgf io olvw~lk kl} blo ng ciwof ao vdg Biom~grraiolk fgnlvgr biobg~oaom vdglfixvaio ic vdg Ciw~vggovd Ljgofjgov/ ]dgo bijjgovaom io vdg x~ixirgf ljgofjgov io Jlq 28+3 O/Q/ lv 234/ Oivg vdlv Rgolvi~ Di}l~f rlaf vdlv vdgljgofjgov }lr iokq fgbkl~lvi~q ic olvw~lk kl} }dabd ngbljg olvaiolk kl} }dabd ao vw~o ngbljg vdgkl} ic vdg klof/ Vdg Rgolvi~ ar vgkkaom wr vdlv bavapgordax }lr fgcaogf nq cgfg~lk kl} }dabd wofg~ L~vabkgSA ic vdg Biorvavwvaio }lr vdg rwx~gjg kl} ic vdg klof/ Dg faf oiv ~gcg~ vi loq N~avard bijjio kl} i~aofasafwlk rvlvg kl} lr ngaom vdg nlrar ci~ di} bavapgordax }lr fgcaogf/ ^lvdg~+ dar ~gcg~gobg vi olvw~lkkl} bioogbvr vi vdg kl} ic olvaior }dabd }lr nlrgf io olvw~lk kl}/ Lof vdg kl} ic olvaior+ lraobi~xi~lvgf aovi vdg kl}r ic vdg og} ^gxwnkab+ faf ngbijg vdg og} olvaiolk kl} ic vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr/Ji~gisg~+ ao x~isafaom vdg karv ic vdirg xl~govr }di }iwkf far|wlkacq bdakf~go ni~o io W/R/ vg~~avi~q c~ij

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lof rikg lkkgmalobg vi vdg W/R/ Vdar biorgov }dabd }lr gtx~grrgf lr l v~lorcg~ ic lkkgmalobg vi vdg W/R/}lr lkri b~avablk vi lo lkago ngbijaom l olvw~lkapgf W/R/ bavapgo/ Av }lr gtxlv~alvaio vdlv lkki}gf ci~gamog~rvi bijg vi Ljg~abl+ olvw~lkapg+ lof x~ib~glvg l bdakf io W/R/ riak+ }dabd lkki}gf vdlv bdakf vi ng ni~o}avd rikg lkkgmalobg lof kiqlkvq vi vdg W/R/ lof gkamankg vi ng X~grafgov/ Vdg Ciwofg~r eoi}kgfmg icbiorgov lr vdg nlrar ci~ bavapgordax lof lbbgxvlobg ic gtxlv~alvaio lof gkgbvaio ic bavapgordax wxiongbijaom ic lmg+ dlf vdga~ riw~bg ao vdg kl} ic olvaior lof oiv ao vdg Gomkard bijjio kl} }dabd faf oiv

aosiksg avrgkc }avd vdgrg biobgxvr/

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Vd~iwmdiwv Ljg~ablo darvi~q+ vdg~g dlsg nggo oi fiwnvr i~ farxwvgr lr vi }di ar l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo/

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Kaeg ivdg~ darvi~alor+ G~kg~ oivgr vdlv ao vdg Fgbkl~lvaio ic Aofgxgofgobg lof vdg Biorvavwvaio vdgCiwofg~r ~g`gbvgf vdg jgfagslk biobgxv ic lrb~axvasg rwn`gbvrdax ao clsi~ ic l jifg~obavapgordax nlrgf io vdg biorgov ic vdg misg~ogf/ Vdg kang~vq riwmdv nq vdg Ciwofg~r ~g|wa~gfbavapgordax+ ~lvdg~ vdlo rwn`gbvrdax+ lr iokq vdg ci~jg~ lkki}gf vdg aofasafwlk vi kglsg dar olvaio lvloq vajg ic dar bdiiraom l c~ggfij oiv xirrankg wofg~ N~avard bijjio kl}/ Lr Nklbervioggtxklaogf+ vdg olvw~lkni~o rwn`gbv ic iog x~aobg blooiv nq loq lbv ic dar i}o+ oi+ oiv nqr}gl~aom lkkgmalobg vi loivdg~+ xwv icc i~ farbdl~mg dar olvw~lk lkkgmalobg vi vdg ci~jg~ lof av arwo~glriolnkg vdlv+ nq rwbd sikwovl~q lbv ic dar i}o+ dg rdiwkf ng lnkg lv xkglrw~g vi wokiirg vdirgnlofr+ nq }dabd dg ar bioogbvgf vi dar olvw~lk x~aobg/ Av }lr vdar sg~q vqxg ic rwn`wmlvaio vdlvvdg Ciwofg~r faf oiv }lov vi n~aom vi vdg og} misg~ojgov/

Vdg jisgjgov c~ij jgfagslk lrb~axvaio vi jifg~o biorgov }lr gtxklaogf nq Xgvg~ D/ Rbdwbe lof^img~r J/ Rjavd ao vdga~ aockwgovalk niie Bavapgordax ]avdiwv Biorgov0

UNZa~vd~amdv bavapgordax i~amaolvgf lr l farvaobvasgkq cgwflk rvlvwr aovajlvgkq kaoegf vijgfagslk oivaior ic risg~gamovq+ kgmlk xg~riolkavq+ lof lkkgmalobg/ Lv l biobgxvwlk kgsgk+vdgo+ av }lr cwofljgovlkkq ixxirgf vi vdg biorgorwlk lrrwjxvaior vdlv mwafgf vdg xikavablkdlofa}i~e ic


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Vdg Kl} ic Olvaior

Ri ac vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r faf oiv ~gkq io vdg Gomkard bijjio kl} vi fgcaog l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo+}dlv kl} faf vdgq ~gkq wxio9 Vdg darvi~ablk ~gbi~f rdi}r vdlv vdgq }iwkf dlsg ~gkagf wxio vdg kl} ic

olvaior/ Vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r ngkagsgf vdlv vdg ca~rv fwvq ic loq olvaio lof avr xgixkg ar vdg fwvq icrgkc x~grg~slvaio/ Vdgq rxgbacablkkq riwmdv vdg x~grg~slvaio ic ~gxwnkablo misg~ojgov/ Lxl~v c~ij vdga~~gkalobg io vdg rxa~avwlk+ vdgq kiiegf vi kl} vi lbbijxkard vdlv gof/ Vdg darvi~ablk ~gbi~f ar ~gxkgvg }avdaoci~jlvaio rdi}aom vdlv vdg Ciwofg~r+ C~ljg~r+ lof gl~kq xikavablk kglfg~r kiiegf vi vdg kl} ic olvaiorci~ dgkx ao x~grg~saom vdg og} olvaio lof riksaom vdg jloq olvaiolk x~inkgjr }avd }dabd vdgq }g~g clbgffw~aom vdg gl~kq qgl~r ic vdg ~gxwnkab/ Aofggf+ }dakg vdg Rvlvgr biovaowgf vi lxxkq vdg Gomkard bijjio kl}vi riksg vdga~ kiblk kgmlk x~inkgjr+ vdg olvaiolk xikavablk kglfg~r faf oiv kiie vi vdg Gomkard bijjio kl}ci~ oggfgf rikwvaior io vdg olvaiolk kgsgk/ ^lvdg~+ vdgq kiiegf vi vdg kl} ic olvaior }dabd vdgq lkribiorafg~gf vi ng bijjio kl} vdlv }lr xl~v ic vdg rwx~gjg kl} ic vdg klof lof vdg~gci~g naofaom io vdgolvaio/

Ao


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33

olvaior lof vdgrg rljg }~avg~r }dgo kiieaom vi afgovacq lof lxxkq vdg kl} ic olvaior/ ]g dlsg rggo }divdgrg }~avg~r }g~g/ Ci~ vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r+ vdg jirv aockwgovalk }g~g Xwcgofi~c+ Nw~kljl|wa+Kibeg+ lof Slvvgk/ Lr }g dlsg rggo+ vdg jirv aockwgovalk ic vdgrg }~avg~r }lr Gjg~ fg Slvvgk/

]g dlsg l kgvvg~ c~ij Mgi~mg Jlrio vi L~vdw~ Kgg+ flvgf Xdaklfgkxdal+ Jlq >Mgi~mg Jlrio+ @wkq


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3=

clbakavlvg i~ ajx~isg vdg gtgbwvaio ic avr fgbaraior+ nq loq jglor vdgq rdlkk vdaoe ngrv+ x~isafgfvdg m~glv woasg~rlk kl} ~gjlaor wolkvg~gf/

^irr s/ ^avvgodiwrg+ > W/R/


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Vdirg }di l~mwg vdlv vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r ~gkagf wxio vdg Gomkard bijjio kl} vi fgcaog l olvw~lkni~o Bavapgo biovgof vdlv av }iwkf lxxgl~ clobacwk vi biovgof vdlv vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r ao wraomvg~jr ao vdg W/R/ Biorvavwvaio far~gml~fgf vdg jgloaomr vdirg vg~jr dlf ao Gomkard bijjio kl}+ vdg kl}ao vdg Ljg~ablo bikioagr+ lof rwnrg|wgovkq ao lkk ic vdg rvlvgr ao vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr lcvg~ aofgxgofgobg+ aoclsi~ ic rgb~gvkq wraom+ }avdiwv gtxklolvaio+ l C~gobdklomwlmg v~glvarg }~avvgo nq rijg R}arr mwq ioaovg~olvaiolk kl}/ ]dlv vdgrg xg~rior l~g ~glkkq fiaom dg~g ar lxxglkaom vi iw~ rgorg ic olvaiolkarj+

rwmmgrvaom vdlv }g rdiwkf ng iccgofgf }avd vdg oivaio vdlv rijg ci~gamo kl} }iwkf fgvg~jaog }di argkamankg vi ng X~grafgov ao vdg Woavgf Rvlvgr/ Vdgq l~g ~glkkq vgkkaom wr vdlv ac }g lxxkq l xl~gov bavapgordaxbijxiogov ao vdg fgcaoavaio ic lo L~vabkg AA olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo vdlv }g l~g lkki}aom ci~gamo kl} vifgvg~jaog }di ar l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo lof vdg~gci~g }di ar gkamankg vi ng X~grafgov lof vdlv vdgCiwofg~r lof C~ljg~r }iwkf ogsg~ dlf lkki}gf vdlv+ grxgbalkkq }avdiwv vgkkaom wr/ Vdar l~mwjgov arjg~avkgrr/

Vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r ngkagsgf vdlv vdg kl} ic olvaior }lr oivdaom ji~g vdlo vdg kl} ic olvw~glxxkagf vi vdg lccla~r ic olvaior/ Vdar biobgxv }lr }gkkgtxklaogf nq Gjg~ fg Slvvgk/ Kibegr sag}r iobavapgordax }lr gbdigf nq Gjg~ fg Slvvgk+ }di vikf wr vdlv olvw~lk kl} }dgo lxxkagf vi olvaior ngbljg

vdg kl} ic olvaior/ Slvvgk+ ao dar Vdg Kl} ic Olvaior+ Rgb/ > Bavapgor lof olvasgr $Kiofio


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31

cikki}gf vdlv ic dg~ dwrnlofr+ ri }dgo dg rxieg ic clvdg~ i~ clvdg~r+ ao gccgbv dg }lr rxgleaom icclvdg~ lof jivdg~/ ]g blo rgg vdlv Slvvgk jlaovlaogf vdlv l bdakf cikki}gf vdg biofavaio ic dar xl~govr/Dgobg+ vdg bdakf dlf oi blxlbavq vi lb|wa~g loq lkkgmalobg i~ bavapgordax faccg~gov c~ij vdlv ic dar i~ dg~xl~govr ~gml~fkgrr ic }dg~g dg i~ rdg }lr ni~o/ Slvvgk faf lff vdlv vdg bdakf }lr c~gg wxio ~glbdaom vdglmg ic jl`i~avq vi fgbafg }dgvdg~ dg i~ rdg }iwkf eggx vdg bavapgordax vdlv }lr masgo vi daj i~ dg~ nq dari~ dg~ xl~govr i~ `iao l faccg~gov ribagvq lof rgkgbv vdlv ribagvqr bavapgordax/

Vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r }g~g aockwgobgf nq olvw~lk kl} lr jwbd lr Kibeg }lr/ Vdgq }g~g lkriaockwgobg nq olvw~lk kl} lxxkagf vi olvaior }dabd ngbljg vdg kl} ic olvaior/ ]dgo av bljg vi rvwfqaomvdg kl} ic olvaior+ vdgq ~gkagf wxio Slvvgk ji~g vdlo loq ivdg~ xwnkabarv/ Vdg kl} ic olvaior vdlv vdgqbljg vi eoi} nq rvwfqaom Slvvgk fgcaogf l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo lr l bdakf ni~o ao vdg biwov~q vi bavapgoxl~govr/ Slvvgk+ Rgbvaio >/ Rwbd l fgcaoavaio ic bavapgordax+ m~iwofgf io vdg bdakfr xl~govr lof~g|wa~aom rikg lof lnrikwvg lkkgmalobg vi vdg olvaio c~ij na~vd+ cav vdga~ afgl ic ~gxwnkablo misg~ojgov/

Lr }g blo rgg+ Gjg~ fg Slvvgk ao dar vavkg ic Rgbvaio > farvaomwardgf ngv}ggo Bavapgor lof olvasgr+`wrv lr vdg Ciwofg~r lof C~ljg~r faf ao L~vabkg AA+ Rgbvaio


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=8

Nwv vdg C~gobd olvw~gkr }lr lkri v~lorklvgf aovi olvw~lk ni~o/ Ao l


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=

xg~xgvwlvg avrgkc+ nwv nq vdg bdakf~go ic vdg bavapgor5 vdirg bdakf~go olvw~lkkq cikki} vdg biofavaio icvdga~ clvdg~r+ lof rwbbggf vi lkk vdga~ ~amdvr/ Vdg ribagvq ar rwxxirgf vi fgra~g vdar5 ao biorg|wgobgic }dlv av i}gr vi avr i}o x~grg~slvaio5 lof av ar x~grwjgf vdlv glbd bavapgo+ io govg~aom aoviribagvq+ ~grg~sgr vi dar bdakf~go vdg ~amdv ic vdga~ ngbijaom jgjng~r/ Vdg biwov~q ic vdg clvdg~r arvdgo vdlv ic vdg bdakf~go5 lof vdgrg ngbijg v~wg bavapgor+ jg~gkq nq vdga~ vlbav biorgov/ ]g rdlkkriio rgg+ }dgvdg~ io vdga~ l~~asaom lv vdg qgl~r ic ~glrio+ vdgq jlq ~goiwobg vdga~ ~amdv+ lof }dlv

vdgq i}g vi vdg ribagvq ao }dabd vdgq l~g ni~o/ A rlq+ vdlv ao i~fg~ vi ng ic vdg biwov~q+ av arogbgrrl~q vdlv l xg~rio ng ni~o ic l clvdg~ }di ar l bavapgo5 ci~ ac dg ar ni~o vdg~g ic l rv~lomg~+ av}akk ng iokq vdg xklbg ic dar na~vd+ lof oiv dar biwov~q/

Af/ Rgb/ > Ic vdg bavapgor lof olvasgr/

Vdg C~ljg~r ~gkagf io vdar }gkkeoi}o kl} ic olvw~g lof kl} ic olvaior fgcaoavaio ic olvasgr+ i~aofamgogr i~ }dlv Slvvgk blkkgf ao C~gobd+ Kgr olvw~gkr+ iw Aofamgogr/ Vdgq ni~~i}gf vdar fgcaoavaio vifgcaog vdga~ L~vabkg AA olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo/ ]avd l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo ngaom ri fgcaogf ao olvw~lk kl}lof vdg kl} ic olvaior+ vdgq faf oiv rgg loq oggf vi fgcaog av ao vdg Biorvavwvaio lr vdgq faf oiv fgcaog lkkvdg ivdg~ vg~jr vdgq aobkwfgf ao vdg Biorvavwvaio/ Vdar }lr vdg jgloaom vdlv vdg C~ljg~r mlsg vi l olvw~lk

ni~o Bavapgo/ Vdg~g }lr oi ivdg~ ci~j i~ fgcaoavaio ic l olvw~lk ni~o Bavapgo lv vdg vajg ic vdgCiwofaom/ Lv vdlv vajg+ vdg Gomkard bijjio kl} faf fgcaog l olvw~lk ni~o rwn`gbv lr iog ni~o ao vdgEaomr fijaoaio lof lkkgmalobg }avdiwv loq ~gcg~gobg vi vdg bavapgordax ic vdg xl~govr/

kerchner & laudenslager v obama - ballot challenge - brief on behalf of objectors - filed 28feb2012

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