kel.1_dna damage response and trancription

Upload: adam-doank

Post on 04-Apr-2018

219 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    1/25

    Presented By:Syayyida Muslimah (1509 100 012)

    Dinda Zahidah (1509 100 037)

    Wahyu Dewi Iftita (1509 100 707)

    Afina Dhuhaini (1510 100 004)

    DNA Repair

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    2/25

    DNA is a highly stable molecule that replicates with

    amazing accuracy, but changes in DNA structure and

    errors of replication do occur.A mutation is defined as an inherited change in genetic

    information; the descendants may be cells produced by

    cell division or individual organisms produced by

    reproduction.

    Mutation is the source of all genetic variation, the raw

    material of evolution

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    3/25

    Phenotypic Effects of Mutation

    Others:

    - UV radiation

    - Ionizing radiation- Cosmic rays

    - X-rays

    - Deamination

    - Etc.

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    4/25

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    5/25

    Mismatch Repair

    Type of damagerepaired :

    Replication errors,including mispaired

    bases

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    6/25

    Direct Repair

    Direct-repair mechanisms do not replace altered

    nucleotides but instead change them back into

    their original (correct) structures.

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    7/25

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    8/25

    Nucleotide-Excision

    RepairRemoves bulky DNAlesions that distort the

    double helix, such aspyrimidine dimers orlarge hydrocarbons

    attached to the DNA.

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    9/25

    Presented By:

    Kelompok 1 : 1. Syayyida Muslimah (1509 100 012)

    2. Dinda Zahidah (1509 100 037)

    3. Wahyu Dewi Iftita (1509 100 707)

    4. Afina Dhuhaini (1510 100 004)

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    10/25

    DNA Damage & Genome Integrity

    The mammalian genome is protected against genotoxicinsults by a network of DNA damage response (DDR)

    Mechanisms triggered by the detection of DNA lesions

    through specific sensors.

    The multiprotein nucleotide excision repair (NER)system removes a wide variety of helix-destabilizingDNA lesions including those induced by UV-

    irradiation. This broad substrate recognition is achieved by two

    distinct subpathways of NER

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    11/25

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    12/25

    Global Genome

    NER (GG-NER)

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    13/25

    Processing of

    UV-lesions

    by TC-NER

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    14/25

    DNA Damage Signaling

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    15/25

    The Replication Stress Response

    ATR is the main sensor.

    Purposed function : Kinase

    activated by blockage of

    replication and perhaps

    transcription. Roles in normal

    replication activation of cell

    cycle checkpoints, DNA repair

    and apoptosis

    The ATR kinase orchestratesDNA repair, apoptosis, S-phase

    and G2 arrest via the Chk1, p53

    and the Fanconi pathways

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    16/25

    The Transcription Stress Response

    SMG1, BRCA1 and ATR

    have potensial role in this

    stress

    The activated SMG1 kinase

    could then activate p53 byphosphorylating p53 on the

    ser15 site

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    17/25

    The Chromatin Alteration Stress

    Response

    The ATM kinase may monitor

    chromatin alterations

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    18/25

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    19/25

    TC-NER deficiency : human disease

    and genome integity

    Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP)

    Gejala

    - luka terbakar

    - banyak bintik-bintik di kulit

    - kulit tipis

    - mata sensitif pada sinar

    matahari

    Pengobatan

    Belum ditemukan obat untuk

    pigmentosum xeroderma.

    Tujuan utama dari pengobatanadalah untuk melindungi pasien

    dari paparan UV dan dengan

    demikian mencegah dampak

    buruk itu dapat memiliki pada

    kulit.

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    20/25

    Penderita XP sangat sensitif terhadap radiasi ultraviolet (UV), termasuk UVA,UVB, dan UVC. Paparan matahari saja dapat menyebabkan kulit terbakar,kering dan sangat rentan terserang kanker kulit dan melanoma. Selain itu,mata penderita juga sangat sensitif pada cahaya yang juga rentan terserangkanker mata.

    Penyebab

    cacat dalam mekanisme perbaikan eksisi nukleotida Keterbelakangan mental, sindrom piramidal, neuropathia perifer; lebih parah

    sistem saraf pusat (SSP) gangguan diamati ketika mutasi terjadi pada situs DNAXPA

    Setelah penyinaran UV pada kultur sel, tidak ada peningkatan kelainankromosom spontan dalam limfosit dari fibroblas, namun setelah paparan UV

    naik, trjd peningkatan jumlah pertukaran kromatid saudara (SCE) danpenyimpangan kromosom yang diamati (terutama kromatid-jenis kelainan);fibroblas mengekspresikan kepekaan meningkat menjadi mutagen kimia; tidakada fitur sitogenetika berguna untuk diagnosis XP

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    21/25

    Triochothiodystrophy

    Adalah genodermatosis ygditurunkan scr resesif autosomal,ditandai oleh adanya iktiosis,rambut rapuh, penurunan

    intelektualitas, postur pendek,mikrosefali, penurunan kesuburan,dan mikrognatia.

    Pada TTD dijumpai keadaanfotosensitifitas terhadap sinarmatahari. Adanya defisiensi sulfur

    menyebabkan rendahnya kadarsistein dan sistin protein sehinggatrjd iktiosis, rambut dan kuku rapuh.Kelainan kulit tdk berhubungan dgmalignasi seperti XP.

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    22/25

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    23/25

    Any question????

    Lets discuss !!!!!

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    24/25

    Question

    Sidratu 10-10: Daminasi sitosin

    urasil, gambarin donkmbak dinda strukturnya..

    Hefdiyah 10-09 : sejauh manakah kerusakan yang tidak

    bisa diatasi hingga kemudian muncul berbagai

    penyakit??*tergantung dari paparan UV (polutan penyebab

    damage) serta protein yg terlibat dalam repaaring

    DNA. Jk protein tidak dapat mengatasi maka

    terjadilah penyakit tersebut.

    Dadang 09-41 : mungkin g sih perubahan spesies

    karena perubahan struktur DNA??

    *kalo dalam waktu dekat = g mungkin.

  • 7/31/2019 Kel.1_DNA Damage Response and Trancription

    25/25