DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGYKECK SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF USC

40 YEARS OF INSIGHT

40 YEARS OF INSIGHT

Keck School of Medicine of USCDepartment of OphthalmologyUSC Eye Institute1450 San Pablo StreetLos Angeles, CA 90033-4682

(800) USC-CAREKeckMedicine.orgeye.usc.edu

©2015 Keck Medicine of USC

DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGYKECK SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF USC

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• Ranked among the nation’s top 10 ophthalmology programs for 20 years by U.S. News & World Report.

• Ranked among the nation’s top 10 ophthalmology programs by Ophthalmology Times.

• Ranked in the top 10 for research funding by the National Eye Institute.

• Headquarters of two California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) grants since 2012. USC leads the development of a translational stem cell based treatment for age-related macular degeneration. CIRM funds stem cell-based research at institutions throughout California with the goal of developing new therapies for diseases and disorders.

• Headquarters of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Biomimetic MicroElectronic Systems Engineering Research Center since 2003. USC leads an NSF-funded national center for developing electronic devices that can be implanted to treat diseases, conditions and injuries.

• Headquarters of the Department of Energy (DOE) Artifi cial Retina Project since 2002. USC leads a DOE-funded consortium whose goal is to develop a bioelectronic retinal implant to restore sight to the blind.

• António Champalimaud Vision Award in 2012 for outstanding scientifi c research in the fi eld of vision science — Carmen A. Puliafi to, MD, MBA, dean of the Keck School of Medicine of USC.

• One of the nation’s top 1 percent of Ophthalmologists in 2012 by U.S. News & World Report — Mark S. Humayun, MD, PhD.

• Top Doctors for 2014: USC ophthalmologists namedAmerica’s Top Doctors - Los Angeles 8; Pasadena Magazine 11; Hollywood Reporter 8.

• 17 current United States ophthalmology chairs are former faculty members and graduates of Keck School of Medicine of USC Department of Ophthalmology training programs.

40 Years of Innovation 8

Patient Care 11

Research 16

Clinical Education 36

INSIGHT

2014-2015

OphthalmologyU.S. News & World Report

TOP

FOR 20 YEARS

Ophthalmology

TOPTOP

FOR 20 YEARS10USC Eye Institute

ACCOLADES AND ACHIEVEMENTS

2014 ANNUAL REPORT

About the Cover:Image of brain connectivity from the Human Connectome Project, led by USC. Research on neural connections may help advance the development of new types of visual prostheses.

RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA CELLS

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Vision is Our Mission

Although the research, care and education we deliver is complex, our mission is very simple. Our physicians and researchers come to work every day with a single goal: to transform the lives of people who experience — or are threatened by — vision loss. History has honed our skill and capabilities. This year, we celebrate 40 years of life-changing research, skilled, compassionate care, and leadership in education.

The future inspires hard work and compassion. We envision a world where one of humankind’s greatest fears — losing sight — is a thing of the past.

How will we get there? With insights we have learned over four decades:

Insight in Research: An outside-the-box, innovative research program that tackles the toughest of challenges — from diagnosing and treating imperiled eyesight in utero to putting stem cells to work to solve age-related macular degeneration to building a working artifi cial retina that will restore sight to the blind.

Insight in Patient Care: A commitment to taking care of people, to listening, to crafting the very best solutions to the challenges our patients face. Good enough is never good enough. Bench scientist, front-line physician, staff — we all collaborate across disciplines to deliver the gift of sight.

Insight in Education: More than 400 young physicians applied for six spots in our residency program. Our program is widely known as among the toughest in the country. We attract the best, the brightest and the fi ercely dedicated. Little wonder that USC Eye Institute thrives in supplying the world with the next generation of leaders.

After 40 years, these are our insights. And like true Trojans, we will fi ght on until we achieve our mission: Vision for all. We invite you to join our mission. With your support and your advocacy, we see a clear path to success.

Sincerely,

Rohit Varma, MD, MPH Grace and Emery Beardsley Professor Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC;Director, USC Eye Institute(fom left)

Carmen A. Puliafi to, Dean, Keck School of Medicine of USC; Rohit Varma, Director, USC Eye Institute; and Tom Jackiewicz, Senior Vice President and Chief Executive Offi cer, Keck Medicine of USC

OPTION 1

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Vision is Our Mission

Although the research, care and education we deliver is complex, our mission is very simple. Our physicians and researchers come to work every day with a single goal: to transform the lives of people who experience — or are threatened by — vision loss. History has honed our skill and capabilities. This year, we celebrate 40 years of life-changing research, skilled, compassionate care, and leadership in education.

The future inspires hard work and compassion. We envision a world where one of humankind’s greatest fears — losing sight — is a thing of the past.

How will we get there? With insights we have learned over four decades:

Insight in Research: An outside-the-box, innovative research program that tackles the toughest of challenges — from diagnosing and treating imperiled eyesight in utero to putting stem cells to work to solve age-related macular degeneration to building a working artifi cial retina that will restore sight to the blind.

Insight in Patient Care: A commitment to taking care of people, to listening, to crafting the very best solutions to the challenges our patients face. Good enough is never good enough. Bench scientist, front-line physician, staff — we all collaborate across disciplines to deliver the gift of sight.

Insight in Education: More than 400 young physicians applied for six spots in our residency program. Our program is widely known as among the toughest in the country. We attract the best, the brightest and the fi ercely dedicated. Little wonder that USC Eye Institute thrives in supplying the world with the next generation of leaders.

After 40 years, these are our insights. And like true Trojans, we will fi ght on until we achieve our mission: Vision for all. We invite you to join our mission. With your support and your advocacy, we see a clear path to success.

Sincerely,

Rohit Varma, MD, MPH Grace and Emery Beardsley Professor Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC;Director, USC Eye Institute(fom left)

Carmen A. Puliafi to, Dean, Keck School of Medicine of USC; Rohit Varma, Director, USC Eye Institute; and Tom Jackiewicz, Senior Vice President and Chief Executive Offi cer, Keck Medicine of USC

OPTION 2

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PROTECTING USC Eye Institute is an international leader in studying the

epidemiology of eye disease among diverse populations.

PRESERVING USC Eye Institute diagnoses, treats and manages the most

complex eye conditions, from in utero to advanced age.

RESTORING USC Eye Institute integrates and applies emerging technologies to develop new methods to restore sight to the blind.

Fulfillment of our mission is best expressed in the remarkable triumphs of our patients. Read their stories in the pages ahead.

Vision is Our Mission

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Abe

Abe SpignerOcular Laceration, Retinal Detachment

OCULAR HISTORY3/16/14 Ocular laceration OS resulting in open globe, traumatic cataract and vitreous hemorrhage. Presented with LP vision and at risk for permanent blindness.

TREATMENT• 3/16/14 Primary closure surgery.

• 3/18/14 Evaluation revealed hyphema, traumatic cataract and vitreous hemorrhage.

• 3/31/14 Planned surgery: vitrectomy and lensectomy and AC washout to clear blood.

• 4/28/14 Sudden vision change. Diagnosed with macula-on retinal detachment.

• Emergency surgeries: retinal detachment repair with scleral buckle vitrectomy and gas tamponade wound revision.

OUTCOME20/30 best corrected vision (aphakic with contact lens) in left eye.

Left eye fundus taken approx. 7 months after detachment repair shows the retina is attached and healthy. The 360-degree indentation of the encircling buckle with laser marks on the crest is evident. A small amount of pre-retinal fi brosis superotemporal to the disc is apparent, but clinically insignifi cant.

When a wine glass shattered and sent a shard slicing into his left eye, Abe Spigner was sure he would lose his vision.

Abe was rushed to USC Verdugo Hills Hospital and then transferred to LAC+USC Medical Center for primary surgical repair of his eye. Two days later at the USC Eye Institute, retinal specialist Lisa Olmos de Koo, MD, and cornea surgeon J. Martin Heur, MD, PhD, planned and performed successful surgery to save Abe’s left eye.

A month later, the vision in Abe’s left eye suddenly worsened and he returned to the USC Eye Institute. Diagnosed with a retinal detachment, he underwent surgery that included inserting a gas bubble into his eye to hold the retina in place as it healed.

Required to remain face down for seven days following surgery to keep the bubble in the proper position, Abe occupied himself by building a radio-controlled truck. In the process, he contributed to a very positive outcome — and rekindled a hobby from his childhood.

In the months since surgery, Abe’s left eye has healed fully and he now has 20/30 corrected vision.

J. Martin Heur, MD, PhD, associate professor of clinical

ophthalmology, worked with retinal specialist Lisa Olmos de Koo, MD, MBA, assistant professor of opthalmology, to

save Abe Spigner’s left eye.

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INSIGHT

40 Years of Innovation

Since its founding 40 years ago, the Department of Ophthalmology of the Keck School of Medicine of USC has pioneered many discoveries that contributeto the advancement of vision science and clinical ophthalmology.

Our faculty has a long tradition of seeking and sharing knowledge to help protect, preserve and restore precious eyesight.

In the pages that follow, we highlight signifi cant achievements by current and former USC Department of Ophthalmology faculty members.

Major Breakthroughs by USC Department of Ophthalmology Faculty

2000-20142014 Implanted a programmable micropump smart device that delivers precise small doses of medications into the eyes of patients with diabetic macular edema, in the fi rst-in-man clinical trial

2014 Discovered which retinal cells mutate to become retinoblastoma

2013 Received Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration for patients with retinitis pigmentosa

2011 Began fi rst clinical trials for an experimental therapeutic agent to treat Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, a mitochondrial disease

2010 Developed a Web-accessible visual fi eld test and analysis system for multicenter studies and touchpad device access

2009 Identifi ed the unique mechanism of uptake in lacrimal gland for adenovirus 5 that may facilitate drug delivery

2005 Pioneered use of ultra-high speed Fournier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) to improve glaucoma diagnosis

2002 Implanted the fi rst artifi cial retina in a patient after beginning collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy Offi ce of Science in 1999

2000 Began the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study, the world’s largest investigation into eye disease in Latinos

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), pioneered by Carmen A. Puliafi to, dean of the Keck School of Medicine of USC, is an essential diagnostic tool used worldwide.

Hyperspectral imaging, being developed by USC Eye Institute researchers, is providing images of the retina that reveal its spectroscopic features in unprecedented detail.

PIONEERING BREAKTHROUGHS, THEN AND NOW

40 YEARS OF INNOVATION

ARTIFICIAL RETINA IMPLANT

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Major Breakthroughs by USC Department of Ophthalmology Faculty

1978-19991999 Developed a noninvasive glucose-monitoring system using Raman spectrum signals from the aqueous

1998 Developed the Baerveldt® glaucoma implant for preserving vision in glaucoma patients by reducing eye pressure

1992 Addressed vision complications from AIDS by diagnosing and developing treatments for opportunistic eye infections and Kaposi’s sarcoma

1991 Pioneered Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

1987 Identifi ed the gene that causes retinoblastoma

1987 Implanted the fi rst artifi cial cornea in a pediatric patient

1979 Developed a laboratory model of choroidal neovascularization now widely used to study pathogenesis and treatment of subretinal neovascularization

1978 Developed a laboratory model of penetrating eye injuries that infl uences the management of trauma in humans

The Baerveldt® glaucoma implant, developed at USC, has become the global standard for glaucoma surgery.

The gel stent, developed by USC Eye Institute researchers, is implanted through a minimally invasive injection and has been shown to reduce intraocular pressure from glaucoma.

INSIGHT

PatientCareIn 2014, we had the privilege of treating many thousands of patients and families who were facing the possibility of loss of vision or blindness. People from all walks of life with a full spectrum of eye conditions relied on us to provide the most advanced care possible.

PIONEERING BREAKTHROUGHS, THEN AND NOW

RETINAL STEM CELLS

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Clinically Targeted, Culturally Personalized CareLinda Lam, MD, specializes in medical and surgical treatment of retinal diseases. She also specializes in ensuring that the USC Eye Institute reaches patients where they live and addresses their very specific needs.

As medical director of the recently relocated and expanded ophthalmology clinic in Arcadia, CA, Lam is attuned to the clinical and cultural nuances of the predominantly Asian city.

The composition of the team of specialists and subspecialists in Arcadia reflects the residents’ greater susceptibility to myopia, narrow angle glaucoma, cataracts, dry eye, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.

The team can also address patients fluently in Mandarin, Cantonese, Vietnamese, Korean and Hindi, as well as Spanish and German.

To make it easier for patients to see eye specialists and keep their appointments, the new clinic is located in the center of the city, adjacent to a soon-to-be-built Metro station.

Effective, personalized care is based on welcoming patients, meeting their needs and removing barriers to care. The Arcadia location expansion is the latest example of how the USC Eye Institute is achieving this goal.

PATIENT CARE

CORNEAL AND EXTERNAL DISEASESComprehensive corneal evaluations, medical diagnostic services and computerized topography can often be performed during a single visit. Available diagnostic services include pachymetry, potential acuity measurement, microbiological studies and assessment of corneal topography using computerized corneal modeling technology.

GLAUCOMA Glaucoma specialists provide comprehensive consultative, diagnostic, medical and surgical services. Faculty members are involved in an NEI-sponsored, multicenter clinical trial studying the efficacy and safety of early surgery in the treatment of glaucoma.

NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY, ORBITAL AND ADULT STRABISMUSSpecializing in disorders of the optic nerve, chronic papilledema and orbital trauma, our physicians provide consultations, and medical and surgical services. Available diagnostic testing includes fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography, visual fields and electrophysiology.

OCULAR ONCOLOGYSpecialists provide a broad range of diagnostic, medical and surgical services with access to cancer specialists from

USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center as needed. We specialize in the treatment of choroidal melanoma and other ocular tumors in adults, treatment of retinoblastoma and other ocular tumors in children and new treatment methodologies for intraocular tumors.

OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGYWe provide macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural analysis of diseased eye tissues to aid in diagnosis. Advanced genomic, proteomic, and cytogenetic techniques are also used to diagnose diseases at a molecular level.

OPHTHALMIC PLASTICS, ORBITAL AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERYOur physicians specialize in tissues surrounding the eyeball that affect the appearance or function of the eye. This includes diseases of the eyelids, the lacrimal system, the orbit and the facial areas adjacent to the eye. Ophthalmic plastic surgeons are board-certified ophthalmologists who have completed several years of additional, highly specialized training in plastic surgery.

PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGYA full range of diagnostic and treatment methodologies are available through Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, including the ability to measure visual acuity in

infants and preverbal children. Our specialists have expertise in diagnosis and treatment of ocular oncology, neuro-ophthalmology, retinal disorders and strabismus.

REFRACTIVE SURGERYWe were one of the few ophthalmic centers in the country involved in the FDA-supervised clinical trial testing of the efficacy of the excimer laser, and continue to be at the forefront of developments in refractive surgery.

UVEITIS AND OCULAR INFLAMMATIONOur specialists evaluate the functional status of the immune system and detect infectious causes or neoplastic processes. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques often lead to diagnosis of rare diseases. Highly specialized services dealing with AIDS-related cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis are also available.

VITREORETINA SURGERY AND RETINAL DISEASEWe specialize in the repair of complex retinal detachments, offering advanced techniques such as silicone oil, perfluorocarbon liquids and SF6 and C3F8 gases. Our specialists have the surgical and research experience to repair penetrating trauma. Laser treatment of the retina for diabetic retinopathy can be performed with the argon, krypton, diode, or double frequency YAG laser.

FOR REFERRING PHYSICIANSTo consult with an ophthalmologist from the USC Eye Institute, or to schedule appointments, please call

(800) USC-CARE (800-872-2273).

Comprehensive Clinical ServicesOur team of ophthalmologists and technicians provide highly specialized eye care for patients of all ages.

USC Department of Ophthalmology Patient Volumes

Year Total Visits Total Surgeries

2013 95,000 4,700

2014 114,000 5,480

Totals include Keck Medicine of USC, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, LAC+USC Medical Center and VA Greater LA Healthcare System Linda A. Lam, MD, associate professor of ophthalmology; vice chair,

satellite clinical affairs

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Ruby ChanBilateral Retinoblastoma

MEDICAL HISTORY

Premature birth. Diagnosed with retinoblastoma before she was barely term.

Germline mutation places her at greater risk for cancers.

OCULAR HISTORY

Bilateral retinoblastoma, the right eye involves the macula.

TREATMENT

Chemotherapy and laser therapy every 3-4 weeks since birth.

OUTCOME

Both eyes saved from cancer. Near normal vision expected in the left eye.

RubyRuby Chan was born prematurely and diagnosed with cancer in both of her eyes. She began treatment at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles with Jesse L. Berry, MD, USC Eye Institute specialist in ocular oncology. Ruby’s parents, Michael and Nellie, have taken Ruby for chemotherapy and laser therapy every 3 to 4 weeks since she was born. Ruby has made great progress. Both of Ruby’s eyes were saved, and her left eye is expected to have good vision.

Ruby’s fun-loving family includes her parents, Michael and Nellie, and her older brother, Rocket.

Image of the right eye shows a central scar involving the macula after laser consolidation for group B retinoblastoma, and a new tumor adjacent to the nerve.

Jesse L. Berry, MD, assistant professor of clinical ophthalmology, brings Ruby and other young patients expertise in

medicine, ophthalmology and oncology.

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INSIGHT

ResearchUSC Eye Institute clinician-scientists drive fundamental and translational research to advance patient care by establishing relationships that foster innovation. Our clinician-scientists conduct bench clinical trials and train the next generation of ophthalmologists at clinical locations where patient-centered collaboration improves vision and fuels the development of new therapies.

Our research moves from patient to bench to bedside to meet the real needs of patients and enchance their lives.

Eff ective treatment for eye diseases often depends on adherence to a carefully planned regimen of eye drops. Unfortunately, many patients are unable to stay on schedule or provide the correct dosage.

To improve patient compliance, researchers at USC Eye Institute, developed a “smart” device to control medical dosing. A tiny, implantable pump delivers precise amounts of medication as required at the proper intervals directly into the eye. It is refi llable, and is programmed and recharged wirelessly.

Originally developed for treating glaucoma, the second-generation micropump system is designed for retinal disease. It is smaller, has a greater reservoir volume and off ers the possibility of multiple chambers for more than one medication. For retinal patients, localized delivery of medications into the eye has the advantage of eliminating possible systemic side eff ects.

In 2014, USC Eye Institute performed noninvasive surgery for the fi rst-in-man implant of the novel ophthalmic medication-delivery system in patients with diabetic macular edema. The clinical trial is to verify the device’s feasibility for controlled drug delivery for chronic diseases of the retina. Further investigations will evaluate its eff ectiveness and be used to fi ne-tune its operation.

The micropump is practical and convenient to use. The medication reservoir can be refi lled with up to 100 microliters within two minutes viaa thin 31-gauge needle. It holds up to 12 months of medication before

requiring a refi ll. The device has been shown to function eff ectively for up to seven years.

This second-generation micropump holds the promise of delivering microdoses of medication to an exact schedule so patients with diabetic macular edema experience optimal outcomes from therapy — without concerning themselves about putting drops in their eyes.

The World Health Organization estimates that only half of patients in developed countries follow treatment recommendations. This tiny pump has the potential for a huge impact.

Delivering Precise Drug Therapy for Retinal Disease

USC Eye Institute retinal specialists Mark S. Humayun, MD, PhD, professor of ophthalmology and biomedical engineering, and Damien Rodger, MD, PhD, assistant professor of clinical ophthalmology are leading the development of the micropump.

RESEARCH

NORMAL RETINAL CELLS

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Sheila PapayansAge-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

OCULAR HISTORY Family history and long personal history of dry AMD in both eyes. Presented emergently after 1 day of distorted vision of left eye. Diagnosed with early wet macular degeneration of the left eye.

TREATMENTTreated with intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF therapy to her left eye (Ranibizumab then afl ibercept). Initial treat & extend protocol soon switched to PRN therapy. Had 8 injections in left eye over approx. 2.5 years. Took AREDS formula antioxidant eye vitamins to reduce the chances that the right eye would convert from dry to wet.

OUTCOMEMaintains excellent vision in both eyes, despite developing a potentially blinding retinal disease. Right eye has remained dry. Annual therapy of 3 injections per year is far below the national average. Vision is currently 20/25 in each eye.

Sheila Papayans watched helplessly as AMD took away her sister’s eyesight. Sheila had the same condition and was anticipating the same outcome. Attuned to any changes in her vision, Sheila noticed a sudden distortion in what she saw with her left eye. Wasting no time, she came to the USC Eye Institute. Lisa Olmos de Koo, a retinal specialist, confi rmed that Sheila had early wet macular degeneration of the left eye and prescribed a regimen of therapeutic injections. Sheila agreed to start that very same day.

Treatment was highly successful, most likely because Sheila noticed symptoms early and responded immediately. Sheila also began taking age-related eye disease formula vitamins to reduce the risk of developing wet AMD in her right eye.

Two years later, Sheila has no further symptoms of wet AMD in her left eye. Her right eye, highly susceptible to wet AMD, remains dry. Now enjoying good vision in both eyes, Sheila remains vigilant and grateful.

Initial OCT image shows wet macular degeneration of the left eye. Second image taken 17 months later shows marked improvement after treatment.

Lisa Olmos de Koo, MD, MBA, assistant professor of clinical ophthalmology, specializes in medical and surgical treatment of complex retinal diseases. She is also the primary investigator on clinical trials for the Argus artifi cial retina.

Sheila

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PROJECT SOURCE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Snapshot Retinal Imaging Mueller Matrix Polarimeter NIH Amir Kashani, MD, PhD

Molecular Remedy of Mitochondrial Defects NIH Biju Thomas, PhD

Restoring vision by sheet transplants of retinal progenitors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)

CIRM Biju Thomas, PhD

An Experimental Approach to Masculopathy NIH David Hinton, PhD

Zebrafish Model of Human Corneal Development and Disease NIH J. Martin Heur, MD, PhD

Research to Prevent Blindness (RPB) Career Development Award RPB J. Martin Heur, MD, PhD

Experimental and Clinical Investigations of Retinal Stimulation NIH James Weiland, PhD

Novel Ultra-Flexible Hybrid Circuits for Intraocular Retinal Prostheses NIH James Weiland, PhD

Wearable Visual Aid as Treatment for TBI Associated Visual Dysfunction U.S. Army James Weiland, PhD

INSPIRE: Bioelectronic Systems for Investigating Neural Plasticity NSF James Weiland, PhD

EAGER: Neural Plasticity Driven by Electrical Stimulation of the Retina NSF James Weiland, PhD

Biocompatible Hermetic Coatings, High Density Feedthroughs, and Hermeticity Test Chips for Implantable Biomedical Devices DARPA James Weiland, PhD

VRPI Thermoresponsive Reversibly Attachable Patch for Temporary Intervention in Ocular Truama U.S. Army Mark Humayun, MD, PhD

A Novel Treatment for Major Blinding Diseases Harrington Discovery Institute Mark Humayun, MD, PhD

Retinal Nanophotoswitch NSF Mark Humayun, MD, PhD

Phase 1 Safety Assessment of CPCB-RPE1, hESC-derived RPE Cell Coated Parylene Membrane Implants, in Patients with Advanced Dry Age Related Macular Degeneration

CIRM Mark Humayun, MD, PhD

An Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Microelectronic Systems NSF Mark Humayun, MD, PhD

Mexican American Glaucoma Genetic Study NIH Rohit Varma, MD, MPH

Primary Open Angle African-American Glaucoma Genetics NIH Rohit Varma, MD, MPH

African American Eye Disease Study NIH Rohit Varma, MD, MPH

Los Angeles Latino Eye Study NIH Rohit Varma, MD, MPH

Currently Active Fundamental Research Funding: Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC as of January 2015

David Hinton, MD, associate dean for vision science, and Mark Humayun, MD, PhD, professor of ophthalmology and bioengineering, are principal investigators for a $19 million grant from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine to develop a stem-cell based treatment for AMD.

USC researchers have developed stem-cell derived retinal cells that would be surgically implanted.

USC researchers also developed a compatible substrate material to support surgically implanted retinal cells.

Researchers at the USC Eye Institute are working to restore vision to patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). By growing thin sheets of stem-cell derived cells and surgically implanting them into the eye, they plan to replace diseased sheets in hope of restoring the retina’s critical light-sensitive cells.

USC stem cell researchers identified a stem cell line that contains the characteristics of normal adult retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. USC bioengineers developed a

material that can act as a supporting platform for RPE calls to allow them to function normally. Their collaborative advancements will be at the center of Phase I clinical trials expected to begin within two years.

Retinal-cell implants have the potential to improve the lives of an estimated 1.75 million people in the United States who have AMD — the leading cause of vision loss and blindness among the elderly.

RESEARCH

Implanting Stem Cells to Overcome AMD

FPO

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Protecting Vision through Community Health ResearchThrough an ongoing series of comprehensive studies, principal investigator Rohit Varma, MD, MPH director of the USC Eye Institute, is defi ning important diff erences in eye disease among diff erent ethnic groups.

Many of the studies, the fi rst of their kind ever conducted, are identifying major risk factors. This new knowledge leads to improvements in vision care and informs the government in setting eff ective goals for preventive eyecare and treatment.

LATINOS

Among Latinos with Type 2 diabetes, Native-American ancestry is a signifi cant risk factor for diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults in the United States, aff ecting more than 4 million Americans age 40 and older.

AFRICAN-AMERICANS

African-Americans bear heavier burden of diabetic macular edema (DME), one of the leading causes of blindness in diabetic patients in the United States. Although Latinos have the highest incidence of diabetes, more African-Americans suff er from its vision complications.

CHINESE-AMERICANS

Study is underway to obtain prevalence estimates of visual impairment, refractive error, diabetic retinopathy, open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma, lens opacities, and age-related macular degeneration in Chinese-Americans.

CHILDREN

Myopia (nearsightedness) and hyperopia (farsightedness) vary widely among children of diff erent ethnic groups. For example, African-American children are most likely to have myopia but least likely to have hyperopia, compared to Latino and non-Hispanic white children.

Identifying the Cause of RetinoblastomaRetinoblastoma is an eye cancer that usually aff ects children one to two years of age. Although rare, it is the most common malignant tumor of the eye in children. Left untreated, retinoblastoma can be fatal or result in blindness.

USC Eye Institute faculty researcher David E. Cobrinik, MD, PhD, and his colleagues made a major breakthrough in 2014 by identifying the type of cell and signaling pathways that lead to the development of retinoblastoma.

Cobrinik’s research discovered that retinoblastomas originate in immature cone photoreceptor cells that have not fully diff erentiated. When the RB1 gene in those cells mutates, it no longer encodes a tumor suppressor protein (Rb) that prevents excessive cell growth, resulting in the development of retinoblastoma tumors.

These fi ndings signifi cantly advance our understanding of cancer because they more generally imply that cancers can develop throughthe collaboration between a cancer-causing mutation — in this case, inactivation of the RB1 gene — and the circuitry of the cell of origin that sensitizes Rb protein loss.

Ultimately, Cobrinik and his research team aim to characterize the cell type-specifi c signaling pathways that collaborate with RB1 inactivation, as a means to identify therapeutic targets for retinoblastoma and other cancers.

Leukocoria, a white refl ection from within the eye is often the fi rst sign of a growing retinoblastoma tumor.

Image of perifoveal region of a fetal-week 19 retina shows retinoblastoma suppressor protein (stained in red) expressed at especially high levels in nuclei of cone precursors (stained in green).

USC Eye Institute epidemiologists Xuejuan Jiang, PhD, assistant professor of research, and Rohit Varma,MD, MPH professor and chair, USC Department of Ophthalmology, lead community health research.

DISCOVERING AMERICANS’ VISION RISKS

USC Eye Institute faculty involved in retinoblastoma research include Alan Linn Murphree, MD, (top left) who identifi ed the RB1 gene, David Cobrinik, MD, PhD, (top right), Jonathan Kim, MD, (bottom left) and Jesse Berry, MD (bottom right)

Major Studies of Minority Populations

USC Eye Institute research about the prevalence and impact of eye diseases in many vulnerable populations includes:

• Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES), 1999 – 2014

• Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study (MEPEDS), 2003-2011

• Chinese-American Eye Study (CHES), 2008- 2013

• African-American Eye Disease Study (AFEDS), 2013 -2018

RESEARCH

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Harry SvobodaAdvanced Glaucoma

MEDICAL HISTORYAdvanced primary open-angle glaucoma, right eye. Unaff ected left eye.

OCULAR HISTORYElevated intraocular pressure to 40 mmHg in the right eye despite maximum medical therapy including Diamox. No evidence of ocular ischemic syndrome (carotid duplex negative). No CNS pathology. No evidence of trauma. No infl ammation or steroid use.

TREATMENTTrabeculectomy with subconjunctival injection of Mitomycin-C prior to surgery, resulting in less trauma and greater diff usion.

Alena Resnik, MD, assistant professor of clinical ophthalmology, notes that Harry’s last name, Svoboda, which means “freedom” in Russian, fi ts well with the preservation of Harry’s sight and her freedom to enjoy life to its fullest.

Harry Glaucoma Under Control

Right Eye IOP: Harry Svoboda

DATE PRESSURE NOTES

8/15/14 39 Initial presentation

9/12/14 24 All topical drops, oral Diamox

10/13/14 39Despite all topical drops

Unable to tolerate Diamox

10/24/14 20

No drops/No Diamox

POD 1 after trabeculectomy with subconjunctival injection of

Mitomycin C

11/17/14 12 No drops/No Diamox

Harry Svoboda’s glaucoma went undiagnosed for many years because it presented in just one eye and had not caused any discomfort. When Harry’s right eye became irritated consistently, she sought help and was fi nally was diagnosed with glaucoma.

Wanting the best of care, Harry drove more than two hours to the USC Eye Institute for an appointment with glaucoma-specialist Alena Reznik, MD. Initially, Dr. Reznik prescribed a regimen of eye drops. When that proved ineff ective, she performed a specialized procedure that included injection of an anti-scarring agent. Harry’s eye pressure soon decreased to normal levels. Dr. Reznik now keeps an eye on Harry’s eye pressures, so Harry can continue to enjoy life to its fullest.

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For glaucoma patients who no longer respond to medications or laser trabeculoplasty, trabeculectomy and tube shunt procedures are the most effective treatments because they lower intraocular pressure (IOP) rapidly. For decades, they have been the most-performed glaucoma surgeries worldwide.

Despite their proven effectiveness, trabeculectomies and tube shunts are highly invasive and have a one-year complication rate as high as 50 percent for high-risk glaucoma patients. Outcomes also have shown a high degree of variability that can lead to too little or too much intraocular pressure reduction (IOP). Over time, shunts can become less effective and require replacement.

Researchers at USC Eye Institute have developed a more effective alternative — a soft stent made of permanent, collagen-derived gelatin. Approximately the width of a human hair, the stent is injected into the eye

through a small, self-sealing corneal incision. It creates a gentle outflow of fluid from the eye’s anterior chamber into the surrounding subconjuctival tissue. This pathway for drainage has been proven effective and is preferred by physicians worldwide.

The gel stent is pliable, non-inflammatory and conforms to eye tissue, which is likely to minimize issues with migration, erosion and corneal endothelial damage often seen with synthetic materials. The preloaded injector enables standardized minimally invasive insertion of the stent. International clinical trials have shown that the gel stent significantly and safely lowers intraocular pressure.

The gel stent is approved in Europe for primary open angle glaucoma where other treatment methods have failed. In the United States, it is an investigational device, awaiting approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

This breakthrough holds the promise to prevent glaucoma-related vision loss through a broadly adoptable 10-minute procedure. Glaucoma is the world’s No. 2 cause of blindness and affects more than 60 million people worldwide.

Reinventing Glaucoma Treatment

David Cobrinik. MD, PhD1. Xu XL, Singh HP, Wang L, Qi DL,

Poulos BK, Abramson DH, Jhanwar SC, Cobrinik D. Rb suppresses human cone-precursor-derived retinoblastoma tumours. Nature. October 16, 2014, 514(7522):385-8.

Cheryl Craft, PhD2. Rebrik, T.I., Botchkina, I., Craft,

C.M., Korenbrot, J.I. CNG-Modulin: the elusive modulator of cone photoreceptor cGMP-gated channel, Journal of Neuroscience, 2012 Feb 29; 32(9):3142-53 and Cover.

Mark Humayun, MD, PhD and James Weiland, PhD

3. Nanduri D, Horasager A, Boynton G, Humayun MS, Greenberg RJ, Weiland JD. Frequency and Amplitude Modulation Have Different Effects on the Percepts Elicited by Retinal Stimulation. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. January 20, 2012, 53 (1) 205-214.

4. Weiland JD, Faraji B, Greenberg RJ, Humayun MS, Shellock F. Assessment of MRI issues for the Argus II retinal prosthesis. Magn Reson Imaging, April 30, 2012, 3, 382-389.

Amir Kashani, MD, PhD5. Lopez-Jamie, GR, Kashani AH, Saati

S, Martin G, Chader G, Humayun, MS. Acute Variations in Retinal Vascular Oxygen Content in a Rabbit Model of Retinal Venous Occlusion. PLOS ONE. November 6, 2012, 7 (11), e50179.

Carmen A. Puliafito, MD, MBA6. Dai C, Liu X, Zhang HF, Puliafito

CA, Jiao S. Absolute retinal blood flow measurement with a dual-beam Doppler optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Dec 9;54(13):7998-8003.

Arthur Toga, PhD7. Novak NM, Stein JL, Medland SE, Hibar

DP, Thompson PM & Toga AW. EnigmaVis: Online interactive

visualization of genome-wide association studies of the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2012, 15(3):414-8.

8. Toga AW, Clark KA, Thompson PM, Shattuck DW Van Horn JD. Mapping the human connectome. Neurosurgery, 2012, 71(1):1-5.

Rohit Varma, MD, MPH9. Varma R, Bressler NM, Doan, QV,

PharmD, Gleeson M, Danese M, Bower JK, Selvin E, Dolan C, Fine J, Colman S, Turpcu A. Prevalence of and Risk Factor for Diabetic Macular Edema in the United States. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132(11):1334-1340.

10. Xie JZ, Tarczy-Hornoch K, Lin J, Cotter SA, Torres M, Varma R. Color vision deficiency in preschool children: the multi-ethnic pediatric eye disease study. Ophthalmology. Jul 2014;121(7):1469-1474.

TOP 10 PUBLICATIONS BY USC EYE INSTITUTE FACULTY PRIMARY INVESTIGATORS

USC Eye Institute glaucoma specialists Alena Reznik, MD, assistant professor of clinical ophthalmology, and Rohit Varma, MD, MPH, professor and chair, department of ophthalmology, are leading gel stent devolopement.

James D. Weiland, PhD, associate professor of ophthalmology and biomedical engineering, is deputy director of the Biometric MicroElectronic Systems Engineering Center at USC.

RESEARCH

The complete list of 2014 publications by USC Eye Institute faculty is on page 43.

After implanting, the soft stent conforms to eye tissue and provides subconjuctival drainage of fluid.

28 29

Emily MangelComplex Corneal Disease

MEDICAL HISTORYFetal varicella aff ected right eye, right leg, and left arm/hand.

OCULAR HISTORYKeratoconjunctivitis sicca, neurotrophickeratitis, perforated cornea, penetrating keratoplasty and tarsorrhaphy.

TREATMENTProsthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE.)

OUTCOMESRx VA improved from 20/200 OD to 20/30 OD. Enhanced ocular surface protection.

Emily began treatment with Jonathan Song, MD, when she was 5 years old, shown here in a Peter Pan costume for Halloween.

EmilyEmily Mangel was born with congenital varicella syndrome, a rare disease that causes various abnormalities of the body. For Emily, the disease aff ected her right eye, right leg, and left arm and hand. Over many years of treatment at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Emily made tremendous progress in overcoming her challenges.

For her right eye, she began treatment at CHLA with Mark Borchert, MD, and Jonathan Song, MD, corneal specialist at USC Eye Institute, when she was fi ve years old. As Emily grew up, she underwent a variety of surgeries and procedures to preserve the vision in her right eye. In 2013, she experienced dramatic improvement in her vision when she took advantage of an innovative treatment — prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem, or PROSE.

Gloria Chui, OD, fi tted Emily with the specialized lens and helped her learn how to insert and remove it, despite having use of only one hand. Emily mastered the use of PROSE and the vision in her right eye improved from 20/200 to 20/30 with correction.

A trio of USC Eye Institute specialists have provided 18 years of continuous care for Emily’s complex vision challenges. Mark Borchert, MD, (left), Gloria Chiu, OD, (center), Jonathan Song, MD (right)

The gas-permeable PROSE lens creates a smooth optical surface above the cornea and fl oats on a reservoir of sterile saline solution.

30 31

OCT angiography eliminates need for dye injectionTo assess the health of blood vessels in the retina, physicians commonly use fl uorescein angiography by injecting dye into a patient’s arm vein and taking photographs of the eye with a special camera that highlights the dye as it circulates in the retinal vessels.

USC Eye Institute researchers are eliminating the need for dye injections when visualizing fi ne retinal capillaries through advanced technology called OCT angiography. This totally non-invasive method works by isolating the refl ected light from the retina and identifying the changes in the phase and

intensity of light that are associated with the movement of blood.

Pre-clinical pilot studies show that OCT angiography can reveal the changes that occur in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion much like fl uorescein angiography, but without the risk or discomfort of any injection procedure. Once FDA approved, it is likely that OCT angiography will become an important diagnostic tool to help diagnose and treat retinal diseases in the future.

Hyperspectral Imaging provides unprecedented detail Through collaboration with optical engineers and other scientists, USC Eye Institute researchers have built a camera that can measure the spectroscopic features of the retinain unprecedented detail. The camera acquires images in seconds without injections or other invasive procedures.

Using hyperspectral imaging, studies have demonstrated that patients

with advanced forms of diabetic retinopathy have signifi cant changes in the amount of oxygen in theretinal blood vessels. This may suggest that the retina is not receiving the appropriate amount of oxygen in this disease.

The information available from hyperspectral imaging holds great promise for expanding the understanding of retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, choroidal nevi and melanoma, leading to advancements in diagnosis and treatment.

OCT angiography image of the retina shows changes that occur in diabetic retinopathy.

In pilot studies, hyperspectral images from the camera built by the USC Eye Institute have enabled measurement of the oxygen levels inside theretinal vessels of the human eye using spectroscopic features of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin.

Advancing Imaging of the Retina Clinician-scientists at the USC Eye Institute, long-time innovators in ocular imaging, continue to develop new technologies to advance diagnosis and treatment of eye disease.

Jeanie Chen, PhD1. Moaven H, Koike Y, Jao C,

Gurevich VV, Langen R, Chen J. Visual arrestin interactions with clathrin adaptor AP2 regulates photoreceptor cell survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013, 110:9463-9468.

Scott Fraser, PhD2. Kim, DY, Finglera, J, Zawadzki, RJ,

Park, SS, Morse, LS, Schwartz, DM, Fraser, SE, Werner, JS. Optical imaging of the chorioretinal vasculature in the living human eye. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013, Aug. 27; 110(35); 14354-14359.

Elizabeth Fini, PhD3. Jeong S, Ledee DR, Gordon GM, Itakura

T, Patel N, Martin A, Quinn J, and Fini ME. Interaction of clusterin (CLU) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9): implications for epithelial homeostasis and infl ammation, American Journal of Pathology, 2012, 180:2028-39.

4. Santos ARC, Corredor RG, Obeso BA, Wang Y, Trakhtenberg EF, Ponmattam J, Dvoriantchikova G, Ivanov D, Shestopalov VI, Goldberg JL, Fini ME (co-senior author) and Bajenaru ML. Beta1 integrin-focal adhesion kinase

(FAK) signaling modulates retinal ganglion cell survival. PLOS One. 2012, 7(10):e48332.

Sarah Hamm-Alvarez, PhD5. Xu S, Ma L, Evans E, Okamoto T

and Hamm-Alvarez SF. Polymeric immunoglobulin A receptor traffi cs through two distinct apically-targeted pathways in primary lacrimal gland acinar cells. J Cell Sci. 2013,126:2704-2717.

6. Hamm-Alvarez SF, Janga SR, Edman-Woolcott MC, Madrigal S, Shah M, Frousiakis S, Renduchintala K, Zhu J, Bricel S, Silka K, Bach D, Heur M, Christianakis S, Arkfeld DA and Stohl W. Tear Cathepsin S-A candidate biomarker for SjÖgren’s

Huizong Tao, PhD7. Li, Y.T., Ibrahim, L.A., Liu, B.H.,

Zhang, L.I., Tao, H.W. Linear transformation of thalamocortical input by intracortical excitation. Nat. Neurosci. 2013,16:1324-1330.

Bosco S. Tjan, PhD8. Nandy, A. S., & Tjan, B. S. Saccade-

confounded image statistics explain visual crowding. Nature Neuroscience, 2012,15(3), 463–469.

David Hinton, MD, PhD9. Sreekumar PG, Chothe P, Sharma KK,

Baid R, Kompella U, Spee C, Kannan N, Manh C, Ryan SJ, Ganapathy V, Kannan R, Hinton DR. Antiapoptotic properties of alpha-crystallin-derived peptide chaperones and characterization of their uptake transporters in RPE cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:2787-2798.

Featured in the Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Journal as “Research Highlight”: Stern JH. Mini-Chaperones for Early AMD. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54:2799.

10. Zhou P, Kannan R, Spee C, Sreekumar PG, Dou G, Hinton DR. Protection of retina by aB crystallin in sodium iodate induced retinal degeneration. PLoS ONE 2014 May 29;9(5):e98275.

TOP 10 PUBLICATIONS BY USC EYE INSTITUTE FACULTY COLLABORATORS

Carmen A. Puliafi to, MD, MBA, professor of ophthalmology, and Amir Kashani, MD, PhD, assistant professor of clinical ophthalmology, are leading retinal imaging research at the USC Eye Institute.

RESEARCH

Jeannie Chen, PhD, Scott Fraser, PhD, and Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez, PhD, are among USC Eye Institute research collaborators who published major papers in 2014.

The complete list of 2014 publications by USC Eye Institute faculty is on page 43.

32 333232

Margaret

Margaret Hanopulus was born with strabismus. The alignment of her eyes was corrected with surgeries when she was a toddler and a teenager. Since then, her eyes gradually drifted out of alignment, and it really didn’t matter.

After suff ering a stroke and then successfully undergoing surgery for an aneurysm, Margaret decided that the idea of corrective eye surgery was not a big deal. She consulted Vivek Patel, MD, a neuro-ophthalmology specialist at the USC Eye Institute. Dr. Patel performed strabismus surgery using an adjustable suture technique that enables exceptional precision and long-term maintenance of correct position. Now Margaret’s eye alignment is the same as it was in her teenage years, and so is her outlook on life.

The adjustable suture technique aff ords remarkable precision and safety even for patients who have experienced multiple strabismus surgeries in the past.

Vivek Patel, MD, associate professor of clinical ophthalmology, is director of neuro-ophthalmology and adult strabismus at the USC Eye Institute.

Margaret HanopulusAdult Strabismus

OCULAR HISTORY Infantile esotropia requiring previous strabismus surgeries in 1958 and 1970.

Developed large exotropia and hypertropia over the years, with signifi cant deviation.

TREATMENTExploration, resection of scar tissue and advancement of previously recessed medial recti (bilaterally) with adjustable suture technique.

OUTCOMEPre-operative measurements of 35 PD XT and 12 PD LHT improved to 4 PD ET and no hypertropia. She does not experience diplopia and will continue to improve over time.

35

The world’s first retinal prosthesis reached another milestone in 2014. Lisa Kulik, blinded by retinitis pigmentosa, became the first person on the West Coast to be implanted with the recently FDA-approved Argus II.® Lisa Olmos de Koo, MD, MBA, performed the four-hour procedure at the Keck Medical Center of USC.

On the first day of activation, Kulik was already ahead of expectations as she was able to see spots of light. At a 4th of July celebration, she was thrilled to see the light and movement of fireworks. Progress continues as Kulik learns to interpret the signals sent by Argus ll. Confident that her participation in Argus II research is leading toward a cure for blindness, Kulik also participates in a study to determine

whether partial restoration of vision has an impact on how the brain processes information. She returns to USC periodically for magnetic imaging resonation (MRI) tests, as well as testing with the Argus II.

Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetic disease affecting nearly 100,000 people in the United States. As the disease progresses, patients experience night blindness, tunnel vision, blurring, and difficulty adjusting from dark to light environments. Eventually their vision is reduced to shadows and most victims are declared legally blind. For these patients, the improvement of vision provided by Argus II would be nothing short of a miracle.

Fulfilling the Promise of Sight for the Blind

34

USC Eye Institute CollaboratorsTo advance vision science and clinical ophthalmology, USC Eye Institute collaborates with many other research organizations. We are grateful for their partnership and acknowledge their efforts in a variety of major initiatives.

• Abbott Medical Optics

• Advanced Bionics• Alcon• Allergan• AqueSys• Bausch & Lomb • BioPhan• Boston Scientific• Carl Zeiss Meditech• Cell Traffix• Eli Lilly• Genentech• Harvest Precision Technologies

COMPANIES

INDIVIDUALS

• Iridex• MCNC• Medtronic• Morgan Technical Ceramics

• NOCO• Nanodynamics• National Semiconductor

• OProbe• Premitec• Product Development Technologies

• Quallion

• Reichert Technologies• Replenish Inc.• Santen, Inc.• Second Sight• St. Jude ANS• Stryker• SurModics• Synergetics• Texas Instruments • Ventrex• Virginia Technologies

09% U.S. Research Institutions within California46% U.S. Research Institutions outside California04% International Research Institutions41% University of Southern California: Other Departments

USC EYE INSTITUTE COLLABORATORS

During months of follow-up testing, Kulik will train her brain to see in a new way, interpreting the signals sent by Argus II.

Argus II is comprised of an eyeglass-mounted camera that sends signals to an implanted 60-electrode receiver, which transmits them to the retina. Signals travel the optic nerve to the brain where they can be interpreted as a visual picture.

USC Eye Institute retinal specialists Lisa Olmos de Koo, MD, MBA, assistant professor of clinical ophthalmology, and Mark Humayun, MD, PhD, professor of ophthalmology and bioengineering, are leading further development of Argus II.

RESEARCH

Bioengineering InitiativeCOLLABORATOR ORGANIZATIONTheodore Berger, PhD USC (Biomedical Engineering)Robert Chow, MD, PhD USC (Zhilka Institute)Scott E. Fraser, PhD USC (Biomedical Engineering)Malancha Gupta, PhD USC (Materials Science)Hossein Hashemi, PhD USC (Electrical Engineering)Laurent Itti, PhD USC (Computer Science)Gianluca Lazzi, PhD University of Utah, UTMark Liker, MD USC (Neurosurgery)Gerard Medioni, PhD USC (Computer Science)Ellis Meng, PhD USC (Biomedical Engineering)Alapakkam Sampath, PhD UCLA, CAKirk Shung, PhD USC (Biomedical Engineering)Dong Song, PhD USC (Biomedical Engineering)Armand Tanguay, PhD USC (Electrical Engineering)

Human Connectome ProjectCOLLABORATOR ORGANIZATIONJames T. Becker, PhD University of Pittsburgh, PAAdam L. Boxer MD, PhD UCSF, CAKyle Chard, PhD University of Chicago, ILKristi Clark, PhD USC (Neurology)Eric Deutsch, PhD Institute for Systems Biology, WAIvo Dinov, PhD University of Michigan, MIJames Duncan, PhD Yale University, CTJerome Engel, MD UCLA, CAIan Foster, PhD University of Chicago, ILGiovanni Frisoni, MD IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, ItalyGustavo Glusman, PhD Institute for Systems Biology, WA

Dana Goldman, PhD USC (Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics)

Gerig Guido, PhD University of Utah, UTSusan Hayflick, MD Oregon Health & Science University, OR

Scott Holland, PhD Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, OH

Leroy Hood, MD, PhD Institute for Systems Biology, WAJohn Van Horn, PhD USC (Neurology)

Carl Kesselman, PhD USC (Industrial and Systems Engineering)Richard Leahy, PhD USC (Electrical Engineering)Robert Scott Mackin, PhD UCSF, CAGeoffrey T Manley, MD, PhD UCSF, CATom Nichols, PhD University of Warwick, United KingdomHoward Rosen, MD UCSF, CAYuko Y. Palesch, PhD Medical University of South Carolina, SCNathan Price, PhD Institute for Systems Biology, WABruce Rosen, MD, PhD Massachusetts General Hospital, MA

Seth Seabury, PhD USC (Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics)

Yonggang Shi, PhD USC (Neurology)Olaf Sporns, PhD Indiana University, INWenle Zhao, PhD Medical University of South Carolina, SC

Michael Weiner, MD Northern California Institute for Research & Education, NC

Imaging InitiativeCOLLABORATOR ORGANIZATION

Antonio Capone, MD Oakland University, MI

Thomas Karnowski, PhD Oak Ridge National Labs, TNMichael Trese, MD Oakland University, MIGeorge Williams, MD Oakland University, MI

Mark Wong, PhD National Aeronautics and Space Administration, MD

Ocular EpidemiologyCOLLABORATOR ORGANIZATIONStanley Azen, PhD USC (Preventive Medicine)Xiaoyi Gao, PhD University of Illinois at Chicago, ILJames Gauderman, PhD USC (Preventive Medicine)Joanne Katz, ScD Johns Hopkins University, MDRonald Klein, MD, MPH University of Wisconsin-Madison, WIRoberta McKean-Cowdin, PhD USC (Preventive Medicine)Joan M. O’Brien, MD University of Pennsylvania, PAJeremy Rotter, PhD Los Angeles Biomedical Institute, CAKristina Tarczy-Hornoch, MD Seattle Children's Hospital, WATien Wong, MD, PhD National University of Singapore, Singapore

36 37

Priority is on training, mentoring and inspiring future leaders in four diverse and highly acute clinical and surgical settings:

· USC Eye Institute at Keck Medical Center of USC, ranked as a top 10 program by U.S. News & World Report for 20 years

· Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), ranked among the top fi ve children’s hospitals in the U.S.

· Los Angeles County (LAC) + LAC Medical Center, one of nation’s largest public hospitals

· VA Downtown Los Angeles Medical Center, serving the needs of generations of veterans.

As one of the most funded eye institutes in the world, the USC Eye Institute collaborates across disciplines with a wide variety of industries and institutions. It is an ideal interdisciplinary environment for physicians who have a passion to be an important part of internationally recognized, cutting-edge vision science.

Medical EducationKeck School of Medicine of USC has 27 basic science and academic departments with more than 1,500 full-time faculty members. Future physicians receive comprehensive training from an ophthalmology faculty that has been ranked in the top 10 nationally by U.S. News & World Report for 20 years.

36 37

INSIGHT

ClinicalEducationClinical education is one of the defi ning principles at the USC Eye Institute.

Our tradition of academic excellence in training leading clinicians and researchers in ophthalmology is well documented. Among current United States ophthalmology chairs, 17 are former faculty members and graduates of Keck School of Medicine of USC Department of Ophthalmology training programs.

The USC Eye Institute is training the next generation of leaders.

CLINICAL EDUCATION

Visiting professor Joseph Miller, MD, MPH, professor and head, Ophthalmology and Vision Science from the University of Arizona College of Medicine, lectures residents.

USC Eye Institute faculty who oversee clinical ophthalmology education include Neda Shamie, MD, director of medical education, Vivek Patel, MD, residency program director, and Jesse Berry, MD, associate residency program director.

Exceptional Clinical EducationThe USC Eye Institute provides a residency and fellowship training experience with unique clinical and research opportunities.

CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM CELLS

38 39

Stanley BardUVEITIS

OCULAR HISTORY

Referred for 2 weeks of uveitis of unclear etiology, found to have a multifocal serpiginoid pattern of chorioretinal infl ammation in both eyes thought to be of herpetic origin.

TREATMENT

Treated with antivirals with dramatic improvement in 2 days then started on oral steroids.

OUTCOME20/30 best corrected vision (aphakic with contact lens) in left eye.

An internationally recognized clinician and researcher, Narsing Rao, MD, is professor of ophthalmology and pathology at the Keck School of Medicine and director of the Uveitis Service at the USC Eye Institute.

Without warning, both of Stan Bard’s eyes suddenly became red and his vision began to blur. He thought the problem was temporary irritation that would go away, but it became worse. Stan consulted several eye specialists, but none was able to off er lasting relief. He became increasingly alarmed when he could neither focus on objects at an arm’s length, nor read.

After two weeks, Stan’s search for an answer led him to Narsing Rao, MD, a specialist in eye infl ammation and pathology at USC Eye Institute. Although unable to determine the exact cause, Dr. Rao had the solution. He placed Stan on antiviral medications, followed a course of oral antibiotics.

Stan’s eye showed marked improvement after several days. Redness disappeared and his vision returned to near normal.

Fundus images of left and right eyes on initial presentation.

Stan

4140

ResidentsEach year, the USC Eye Institute recruits exceptional residents. The incoming cohort of six residents for 2014-15 was accepted from more than 400 applicants.

Faculty, Fellows and Residents

USC Eye Institute Full-time Faculty, Residents and Fellows 2014-15

CLINICAL EDUCATION

Hossein Ameri, MD Retina

Meena George, MD Surgical

Daniel Greene, MD Cornea & External

Disease

Hossein Nazari, MD Medical Retina

Luxme HariharanMD, MPH

Damien Rodger, MD, PhD

Vitroretinal Surgery

Lloyd Cuzzo, MD Co-Chief Resident

Mica Bergman, MD, PhD

Jiun L. Do, MD, PhD

Tova Mannis, MD Co-Chief Resident

Lilangi Ediriwickrema,

MD, MS

Stavros Moysidis, MD

Sahar Bedrood, MD, PhD

Esther Lee Kim, MD

Billy Pan, MD

Andrew Browne, MD, PhD

Sun Young Lee, MD, PhD

Kelly Rue, MD

Yohko Murakami, MD

Benjamin Xu, MD, PhD

Grace Shih, MD

Saloomeh Saati, MD

Dagny Zhu, MD

Philip Storey, MD, MPH

Namita Sagar, MD Glaucoma

Hangxiu Xu, MD, PhD Neuro-ophthalmology

Fellows and Clinical InstructorsThe USC Eye Institute offers clinical fellowship training in six subspecialty areas, including cornea and external disease, glaucoma, neo-ophthalmology, ophthalmic plastic surgery, retina and uveitis.

Informal research fellowships are also awarded by each service and laboratory independently. USC attracts promising academic phthalmologists from around the world who spend one or two years participating in research programs. Many return to their home countries where they assume positions of national or international leadership.

3RD YEAR

2ND YEAR

1ST YEAR

FPOFPOFPO

42 43

CLINICAL EDUCATION

James Weiland, PhD

Associate Professor

Andrew Weitz, PhDAssistant Professor

John Whalen, PhDAssistant Professor

Sandy Zhang-Nunes, MD

Assistant Professor

Neda Shamie, MDAssociate Professor

Damien Rodger, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor

Jonathan Song, MD

Associate Professor

Biju Thomas, PhDAssistant Professor

Paul Thompson, PhD

Professor

Arthur Toga, PhDProvost Professor

Lernik Torossian, OD, Assistant

Professor

Rohit Varma, MD, MPH

Professor

Dandan Wang, MDClinical Instructor

Hossein Ameri, MDAssistant Professor

Malvin Anders, MDAssociate Professor

Jesse Berry, MDAssistant Professor

Mark Borchert, MDAssistant Professor

Angela Buff enn, MD, MPH

Assistant Professor

Gloria Chiu, ODAssistant Professor

David Cobrinik, MD, PhD, Associate

Professor

Joseph Cocozza, PhDAssistant Professor

Cheryl Craft, PhDProfessor

Charles Flowers,MDAssociate Professor

Henry Fong, PhDAssociate Professor

J. Martin Heur, MD, PhD

Associate Professor

Mark Humayun, MD, PhDProfessor

Veronica Isozaki, ODAssistant Professor

Shunwu Jeong, PhDAssistant Professor

Xuejuan Jiang, PhDAssistant Professor

Amir Kashani, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor

Jonathan Kim, MDAssociate Professor

Linda Lam,MDAssociate Professor

Carlos Lastra, MDClinical Instructor

Professor

Thomas Lee, MDAssociate Professor

Debbie Mitra, PhDAssistant Professor

Andrew Moshfeghi, MD

Assistant Professor

Arlanna Moshfeghi, MD, MBA, Associate

Professor

Alan Linn Murphree, MD

Professor

Sudha Nallasamy, MDAssistant Professor

Lisa Olmos de Koo, MD, MBA

Assistant Professor

Vivek Patel, MDAssociate Professor

Carmen Puliafi to, MD, MBAProfessor

Narsing Rao, MDProfessor

Bibiana Reiser, MDAssistant Professor

Alena Reznik, MDAssistant Professor

1. Ameri H. Retinal prosthesis, potential future approaches. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2014 Sep-Oct;42(7):599-600

2. Ameri H, Liu H, Liu R, Ha Y, Paulucci-Holthauzen AA, Hu S, Motamedi M, Godley BF, Tilton RG, Zhang W. Tweak/fn14 pathway is a novel mediator of retinal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Feb;55(2):801-13

3. Berry JL, Jubran R, Wong K, Lee TC, Murphree AL, Kim JW. Factors predictive of long-term visual outcomes of group d eyes treated with chemoreduction and low-dose imrt salvage: The children’s hospital los angeles experience. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014 Aug;98(8):1061-5

4. Borchert M, Garcia-Filion P, Fink C, Geff ner M, Nelson M. Re: Ramakrishnaiah et al.: Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of hypopituitarism in children with optic nerve hypoplasia (ophthalmology 2014;121:387-91). Ophthalmology. 2014 May;121(5):e26-7

5. Bressler NM, Varma R, Doan QV, Gleeson M, Danese M, Bower JK, Selvin E, Dolan C, Fine J, Colman S, Turpcu A. Underuse of the health care system by persons with diabetes mellitus and diabetic macular edema in the united states. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014 Feb;132(2):168-73

6. Bressler NM, Varma R, Suner IJ, Dolan CM, Ward J, Ehrlich JS, Colman S, Turpcu A. Vision-related function after ranibizumab treatment for diabetic macular edema: Results from ride and rise. Ophthalmology. 2014 Dec;121(12):2461-72

7. Bushey DF, Bannon GA, Delaney BF, Graser G, Heff ord M, Jiang X, Lee TC, Madduri KM, Pariza M, Privalle LS, Ranjan R, Saab-Rincon G, Schafer BW, Thelen JJ, Zhang JX, Harper MS. Characteristics and safety assessment of intractable proteins in genetically modifi ed crops. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014 Jul;69(2):154-70

8. Cabrera M, Gonzalez A, Albini TA, Rowaan C, Aguilar M, Lee W, Fortun JA, Moshfeghi AA, Flynn HW, Jr., Parel JM. Diff erential fl ow rate of commercially available triamcinolone with and without preservative through small-gauge needles. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2014 Jan-Feb;45(1):54-7

9. Chen K, Rowley AP, Weiland JD, Humayun MS. Elastic properties of human posterior eye. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2014 Jun;102(6):2001-7

10. Chen K, Weiland JD. Discovery of retinal elastin and its possible role in age-related macular degeneration. Ann Biomed Eng. 2014 Mar;42(3):678-84

11. Cheng SC, Quintin J, Cramer RA, Shepardson KM, Saeed S, Kumar V, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Martens JH, Rao NA, Aghajanirefah A, Manjeri GR, Li Y, Ifrim DC, Arts RJ, van der Meer

BM, Deen PM, Logie C, O’Neill LA, Willems P, van de Veerdonk FL, van der Meer JW, Ng A, Joosten LA, Wijmenga C, Stunnenberg HG, Xavier RJ, Netea MG. Mtor- and hif-1alpha-mediated aerobic glycolysis as metabolic basis for trained immunity. Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1250684

12. Cheung AY, Kashani AH, Drenser KA. Subretinal peripapillary neovascularization associated with persistent fetal vasculature. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2014 Winter;8(1):83-6

13. Chiu GB, Bach D, Theophanous C, Heur M. Prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (prose) scleral lens for salzmann’s nodular degeneration. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;28(3):203-6

14. Cunningham SI, Weiland JD, Bao P, Lopez-Jaime GR, Tjan BS. Correlation of vision loss with tactile-evoked v1 responses in retinitis pigmentosa. Vision Res. 2014 Nov 3

15. Fink C, Borchert M, Simon CZ, Saper C. Hypothalamic dysfunction without hamartomas causing gelastic seizures in optic nerve hypoplasia. J Child Neurol. 2014 Apr 2

16. Gao X, Gauderman WJ, Marjoram P, Torres M, Chen YD, Taylor KD, Rotter JI, Varma R. Native American ancestry is associated with severe diabetic retinopathy in latinos. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Sep;55(9):6041-5

17. Garcia Filho CA, Yehoshua Z, Gregori G, Nunes RP, Penha FM, Moshfeghi AA, Zhang K, Feuer W, Rosenfeld PJ. Change in drusen volume as a novel clinical trial endpoint for the study of complement inhibition in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2014 Jan-Feb;45(1):18-31

18. Gracanin A, Timmermans-Sprang EP, van Wolferen ME, Rao NA, Grizelj J, Vince S, Hellmen E, Mol JA. Ligand-independent canonical wnt activity in canine mammary tumor cell lines associated with aberrant lef1 expression. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e98698

19. Hamm-Alvarez SF, Janga SR, Edman MC, Madrigal S, Shah M, Frousiakis SE, Renduchintala K, Zhu J, Bricel S, Silka K, Bach D, Heur M, Christianakis S, Arkfeld DG, Irvine J, Mack WJ, Stohl W. Tear cathepsin s as a candidate biomarker for sjogren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Jul;66(7):1872-81

20. He M, Abdou A, Ellwein LB, Naidoo KS, Sapkota YD, Thulasiraj RD, Varma R, Zhao J, Kocur I, Congdon NG. Age-related prevalence and met need for correctable and uncorrectable near vision impairment in a multi-country study. Ophthalmology. 2014 Jan;121(1):417-22

21. Heur M, Bach D, Theophanous C, Chiu GB. Prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem scleral lens therapy for patients with ocular symptoms of chronic stevens-

johnson syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;158(1):49-54

22. Hill RH, 3rd, Czyz CN, Kandapalli S, Zhang-Nunes SX, Cahill KV, Wulc AE, Foster JA. Evolving minimally invasive techniques for tear trough enhancement. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014 Oct 8

23. Hong BK, Khanamiri HN, Bababeygy SR, Rao NA. The utility of routine tuberculosis screening in county hospital patients with uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014 Aug;98(8):1091-5

24. Jiang X, Tseng CC, Bernstein L, Wu AH. Family history of cancer and gastroesophageal disorders and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas: A case-control study. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:60

25. Kashani AH, Brown KT, Chang E, Drenser KA, Capone A, Trese MT. Diversity of retinal vascular anomalies in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2014 Nov;121(11):2220-7

26. Kashani AH, Cheung AY, Robinson J, Williams GA. Longitudinal optical density analysis of subretinal fl uid after surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Retina. 2014 Jul 30

27. Kashani AH, Learned D, Nudleman E, Drenser KA, Capone A, Trese MT. High prevalence of peripheral retinal vascular anomalies in family members of patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2014 Jan;121(1):262-8

28. Kashani AH, Lopez Jaime GR, Saati S, Martin G, Varma R, Humayun MS. Noninvasive assessment of retinal vascular oxygen content among normal and diabetic human subjects: A study using hyperspectral computed tomographic imaging spectroscopy. Retina. 2014 Sep;34(9):1854-60

29. Kempen JH, Sugar EA, Varma R, Dunn JP, Heinemann MH, Jabs DA, Lyon AT, Lewis RA. Risk of cataract among subjects with acquired immune defi ciency syndrome free of ocular opportunistic infections. Ophthalmology. 2014 Dec;121(12):2317-24

30. Kim JW, Ngai LK, Sadda S, Murakami Y, Lee DK, Murphree AL. Retcam fl uorescein angiography fi ndings in eyes with advanced retinoblastoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014 Dec;98(12):1666-71

31. Lam LA, Rodger DC. Bilateral macular detachments, venous stasis retinopathy, and retinal hemorrhages as initial presentation of multiple myeloma: A case report. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2014 Fall;8(4):240-4

32. Lee JG, Heur M. Interleukin-1beta-induced wnt5a enhances human corneal endothelial cell migration through regulation of cdc42 and rhoa. Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Sep 15;34(18):3535-45

2014 Publications

FPO

FPO FPO

FPO FPO

USC Eye Institute Full-time Faculty

• Jeannie Chen, PhD, Cell & Neurobiology

• Elizabeth Fini, PhD, Cell & Neurobiology

• Sarah Hamm-Alvarez, PhD, Pharmacology

• Shikun He, MD, Pathology• David Hinton, MD, Pathology• Florence Hofman,

PhD, Pathology

• Austin K. Mircheff , PhD, Physiology

• Maria E. Sibug Saber, MD, Pathology

• Joel E. Schechter, PhD, Cell & Neurobiology

• Huizhong W. Tao, PhD, Cell & Neurobiology

SECONDARY, TERTIARY AND JOINT APPOINTMENT FACULTY

• Scott Fraser, PhD, Biomedical Engineering

• Judith Hirsch, PhD, Neurobiology

• Aaron McGee, PhD, Pediatrics• Bosco Tjan, PhD, Psychology

USC COLLABORATING FACULTY

44 45

33. Liu W, Rootman DB, Berry JL, Hwang CJ, Goldberg RA. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus dacryoadenitis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014 Aug;132(8):993-5

34. Lu B, Tai YC, Humayun MS. Microdevice-based cell therapy for age-related macular degeneration. Dev Ophthalmol. 2014;53:155-66

35. Mah FS, Davidson R, Holland EJ, Hovanesian J, John T, Kanellopoulos J, Shamie N, Starr C, Vroman D, Kim T. Current knowledge about and recommendations for ocular methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014 Nov;40(11):1894-908

36. Matsunaga D, Yi J, Puliafito CA, Kashani AH. Oct angiography in healthy human subjects. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2014 Nov 1;45(6):510-5

37. Narendra DP, Wang N, Erkkinen MG, Jagadeesan J, Lee TC, Zimmerman EE, Klein JP. An anomalous developmental venous anomaly. Neurology. 2014 Sep 9;83(11):1033-4

38. Nazari H, Hariri A, Hu Z, Ouyang Y, Sadda S, Rao NA. Choroidal atrophy and loss of choriocapillaris in convalescent stage of vogt-koyanagi-harada disease: In vivo documentation. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2014;4:9

39. Nazari H, Karakousis PC, Rao NA. Replication of mycobacterium tuberculosis in retinal pigment epithelium. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014 Jun;132(6):724-9

40.Nguyen P, Rue K, Heur M, Yiu SC. Ocular surface rehabilitation: Application of human amniotic membrane in high-risk penetrating keratoplasties. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;28(3):198-202

41. Nicholson LB, Kim BT, Jardon J, Townsend-Pico W, Santos C, Moshfeghi AA, Albini TA, Eliott D, Sobrin L. Severe bilateral ischemic retinal vasculitis following cataract surgery. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2014 Jul-Aug;45(4):338-42

42. Nugent AK, Paulus YM, Chan A, Kim JW, Schwartz EJ, Moshfeghi DM. Multiple myeloma recurrence with optic nerve infiltration diagnosed by vitrectomy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2014 May-Jun;24(3):446-8

43. Palmer ND, Goodarzi MO, Langefeld CD, Wang N, Guo X, Taylor KD, Fingerlin TE, Norris JM, Buchanan TA, Xiang AH, Haritunians T, Ziegler JT, Williams AH, Stefansovski D, Cui J, Mackay AW, Henkin LF, Bergman RN, Gao X, Gauderman J, Varma R, Hanis CL, Cox NJ, Highland HM, Below JE, Williams AL, Burtt NP, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Huerta-Chagoya A, Gonzalez-Villalpando C, Orozco L, Haiman CA, Tsai MY, Johnson WC, Yao J, Rasmussen-Torvik L, Pankow J, Snively B, Jackson RD, Liu S, Nadler JL, Kandeel F, Chen YI, Bowden DW, Rich SS, Raffel LJ, Rotter JI, Watanabe RM, Wagenknecht LE. Genetic variants associated with quantitative glucose homeostasis traits translate to type 2 diabetes

in mexican Americans: The guardian (genetics underlying diabetes in hispanics) consortium. Diabetes. 2014 Dec 18

44. Patel VR, Zee DS. The cerebellum in eye movement control: Nystagmus, coordinate frames and disconjugacy. Eye (Lond). 2014 Nov 14

45. Pefkianaki M, Westcott M, Liew G, Lee R, Pavesio C, Rao NA, Gupta A, Bansal R, Khairallah M, Kahloun R. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Retina. 2014 Jun;34(6):1247-52

46. Pfister M, Lue JC, Stefanini FR, Falabella P, Dustin L, Koss MJ, Humayun MS. Comparison of reaction response time between hand and foot controlled devices in simulated microsurgical testing. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:769296

47. Puliafito CA. Oct angiography: The next era of oct technology emerges. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2014 Sep 1;45(5):360

48. Saeed S, Quintin J, Kerstens HH, Rao NA, Aghajanirefah A, Matarese F, Cheng SC, Ratter J, Berentsen K, van der Ent MA, Sharifi N, Janssen-Megens EM, Ter Huurne M, Mandoli A, van Schaik T, Ng A, Burden F, Downes K, Frontini M, Kumar V, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Ouwehand WH, van der Meer JW, Joosten LA, Wijmenga C, Martens JH, Xavier RJ, Logie C, Netea MG, Stunnenberg HG. Epigenetic programming of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and trained innate immunity. Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1251086

49. Samimi DB, Chiu GB, Burnstine MA. Prose scleral lens: A novel aid for staged eyelid reconstruction. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014 Sep-Oct;30(5):e119-21

50. Sivakumar RR, Rao NA. Anterior segment ischemia in viper bite. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2014 Apr 30

51. Stefanini FR, Maia M, Falabella P, Pfister M, Niemeyer M, Kashani AH, Humayun MS, Koss MJ. Profile of ocriplasmin and its potential in the treatment of vitreomacular adhesion. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:847-56

52. Tai AX, Song JC. Surgical outcomes of baerveldt implants in pediatric glaucoma patients. J aapos. 2014 Nov 12

53. Varma R, Bressler NM, Doan QV, Gleeson M, Danese M, Bower JK, Selvin E, Dolan C, Fine J, Colman S, Turpcu A. Prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic macular edema in the united states. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014 Nov;132(11):1334-40

54. Wang B, Petrossians A, Weiland JD. Reduction of edge effect on disk electrodes by optimized current waveform. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2014 Aug;61(8):2254-63

55. Wang M, Lu AT, Varma R, Schuman JS, Greenfield DS, Huang D. Combining information from 3 anatomic regions in the diagnosis of glaucoma with time-domain optical coherence tomography. J Glaucoma. 2014 Mar;23(3):129-35

56. Weiland JD, Humayun MS. Retinal prosthesis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2014 May;61(5):1412-24

57. Weitz AC, Behrend MR, Ahuja AK, Christopher P, Wei J, Wuyyuru V, Patel U, Greenberg RJ, Humayun MS, Chow RH, Weiland JD. Interphase gap as a means to reduce electrical stimulation thresholds for epiretinal prostheses. J Neural Eng. 2014 Feb;11(1):016007

58. Williams ME, Fink C, Zamora I, Borchert M. Autism assessment in children with optic nerve hypoplasia and other vision impairments. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2014 Jan;56(1):66-72

59. Wong BJ, Hong BK, Rao NA. Rapid progression of uveitis and alopecia syphilitica in aids. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014 Apr 1;132(4):506-8

60.Wong BJ, Hong BK, Samrao D, Kim GH, Rao NA. A 49-year-old man with unilateral, nontender left eyelid swelling. Digit J Ophthalmol. 2014;20(1):15-9

61. Wong SC, Lee TC, Heier JS. 23-gauge endoscopic vitrectomy. Dev Ophthalmol. 2014;54:108-19

62. Wong SC, Lee TC, Heier JS, Ho AC. Endoscopic vitrectomy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2014 May;25(3):195-206

63. Wu DM, Fawzi AA, Recasens MA, Bertoni B, Chopra V, Rao NA, Eliott D. Good visual outcome after repair of a very large macular hole with neurosensory retinal operculum. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2014 Spring;8(2):138-40

64. Xie JZ, Tarczy-Hornoch K, Lin J, Cotter SA, Torres M, Varma R. Color vision deficiency in preschool children: The multi-ethnic pediatric eye disease study. Ophthalmology. 2014 Jul;121(7):1469-74

65. Xu XL, Singh HP, Wang L, Qi DL, Poulos BK, Abramson DH, Jhanwar SC, Cobrinik D. Rb suppresses human cone-precursor-derived retinoblastoma tumours. Nature. 2014 Oct 16;514(7522):385-8

66. Yadav S, Sinha S, Luther E, Arora NC, Prasad M, Varma R. Comparison of extramedullary and intramedullary devices for treatment of subtrochanteric femoral fractures at tertiary level center. Chin J Traumatol. 2014 Jun 1;17(3):141-5

67. Yehoshua Z, de Amorim Garcia Filho CA, Nunes RP, Gregori G, Penha FM, Moshfeghi AA, Zhang K, Sadda S, Feuer W, Rosenfeld PJ. Systemic complement inhibition with eculizumab for geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration: The complete study. Ophthalmology. 2014 Mar;121(3):693-701

68. Zhang-Nunes SX, Dang S, Garneau HC, Hwang C, Isaacs D, Chang SH, Goldberg R. Characterization and outcomes of repeat orbital decompression for thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Orbit. 2014 Sep 22:1-9

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KECK MEDICINE OF USC

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Executive Director, Creative Services Health Sciences Public Relations

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Photo/Image CreditsCover image courtesy of the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging and Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Consortium of the Human Connectome Project-www.humanconnectomeproject.org. Page 2-3 based on image from the lab of Eun Jin Lee, PhD, USC BME Center for Vision Science and Technology. Pages 4 upper left and 30 ©John Livzey. Pages 9 lower right and 31 from the lab of Amir Kashani, MD. Page 10 left Abbott Medical Optics, right AqueSys, Inc. Pages 11 and 21 from the lab of David Hinton, MD. Page 16 from the lab of Jeannie Chen, PhD. Pages 17 and 27 Replenish, Inc. Page 21 right from the lab of Mark Humayun, MD, PhD. Page 23 Hardeep Singh, PhD, lab of David Cobrinik, MD, PhD. Page 29 BostonSight©. Page 32 Springer eBook, David G. Hunter. Page 35 left Second Sight. Page 36 based on image from the lab of J. Martin Heur, MD, PhD.