karabagh file: documents and factsonthe region of mountainous karabagh1 9 1 8 - 1 988

7/30/2019 Karabagh File: DOCUMENTS AND FACTSONTHE REGION OF MOUNTAINOUS KARABAGH1 9 1 8 - 1 988

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HE

KAR AGHF E


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The ZORY INSTIT TFor Contemporary A me ian Research Docume a io

The KarabaghFile

O UMENTS N F TSON

THE REGION OF MOUNT INOUS A GH8 88

Gerard J Liba idiaEdi or

F Ed i

C m id eT rontoM h198


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Copy @988 Z y I s Con r ry A e R se rc Doc me I .C m r M ss c s s

A s eserveF o m o :

Z I s e 19 D S ee , C mb e, MA 02 4

F E o 988 rs b s e e e S es o merin 1988

Ge r L b d , e or e r b File. Do m s, 1918 988

IS N 0-916 3 6

P edin UniS s o AmDe g ed y A m A do


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The rimes o massa e and geno ide ha e b omeo it alwea s sed against ho e as iring fo hange

and e orm or seeki g redress o grie an e .Thi ol me is dedi at d to the lat st tims o h

r mes the hildre S mgait, an t the hi d e

whomthe e e of j sti e f eed m, a d ha i esswill rv e


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"In the nam of our much oppr ssed population, w hav theresponsibili to wa c lly th P ac Conf renc that all arbitrary solutions that would sacrifice the legitimataspirations of Armenians [in Karabagh and Nakhich van]would in th tur b com th sourc of n w con icts and

pe etual convulsions. "

Lett r fr m the gov en o A m n a t P ac Co r i P s

15 M y 919


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ABLE OF CON EN S

P EF E

NT O U T ON

H STO N PO T S

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EVO UT ON, EPU , N V W

DOCU S

5

1. Re o t o k sh Ge e al Kh l Pas a's Visit to Ye eva 8ep em 20 1918

2 Co f e ia e o to Ye evan o A e a ja s occ atio of S i9ptem 28,1918

3 Comm e i e Colo e DI S le o h o 10em o a A e a co t o of Ka a ag

J u 51919

. otest o e of e A me ia gove me to Aze a ja o Ka g11J u 26,1919

5 P otest ote of Ka a agh A e a s to Allie Go e me s 11e u 201919

6. o osal A e a a o al Co c l fo ov o ala m is tio of K a ag

e u 201919

7. emo a um of e o th Assem of Ka a ag A me ia 13oComma e of A ie Fo es i a sc u a ia

241919

. eg am se Co o el C a ig o t e s tua o of 16A me a s i ansca cas aM ch 2 1919

9. o osa t e ft Assem l of Ka a agh 16A e ia s fo a o sio al go e e tAp 25 19 9


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Le e by t e F th ssem ly f Karabag e a t 17G era Shu t ew h.

Ap 25 1Le ter by ve i ar Pe ce C f e c 19 de e t Ka a a hM 5,

12. R a ed by d m a Yerev r te t 21 m c Karab hJu 1 1 1

1 me t Karab g rme w h G e -Ge e 1S l a v i ze baija u e.

ugus 15, 1 1

D cu by me M s e f er rme a 4 eo bet e the w c tr es

v m r 20,

15. K a agh mem t c it ied e7M 4 20

16 C de t me ia' Mi e g a 29 t c t es Kar

6, 20

17 R ut y Yer va dem at d m i S v e 30 g e e t t defe d he ht f e a Ka abaghM 20

18 Sec e e d cu etweeT. Begza i egugu t 20

III SOV E T ON

19 ze t ram c i e i te t ie m a c

D c m r 1, 20

20 S m V tz ze b a a eme t ce i g e a te r t r eDec m r , 20


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2 Announcem s of A men an e baijan ag m no is i esJun 2, 192

22 e n ofoff a eclara on of agr m n o a achKarabagh o Arme a

u 19 1921

23 C a g in So i o ic r ga ng he s a o Karabaguly 3 921

2 rbai ani an o cem n on anne a ion o Ka abagh.u y 1923

F OM T N M TO TH B ZHN V A

N

35

6

6

E wi n ss acco n of 1920 s n Ka abagFeb ua y 15 928

26 ew ss acco n o eve s in o ai o s Ka abag 41924- 9

27. i ion of a abagh Armen ans o a Kh shche on 2r cor ora o of Mou ai o s a abagh in e Armenia S S RMay 19 1964

a abag Arm nians a a o Sov e Arme ia on oca 4con i io sSeptem r 9 967

29 Le er b S ro Khan a an o e i r n v 9Oc o S 19 7

30 A ic e o A men an g van es i o n a s Ka abagth w York Times.D mb 11 977

31 xcer s om x of s i u ion of U S S.R 5

Octo 7 977


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V H A OF S OI

N

THE NEE OR RA IC L CHANGE

E i o l o e io a i es ss i U S.S.R. P a da.e em e 2 1 86

Di c s o o So ie a o a es po c . Moscow R d o.J nua 2 1 8

4 Y B o e o e "N o a P oc sses in e USSR:Ac ie e e d P o lems, P a d .

b a 1 1 87 S a e o o Li ac e on e i o a o ali ie

Ar men an Repo .e embe 1 1 8

36 Go ac e ' call fo a s e C C ee ee o a o ali i po c eNew York

b a 1 88

7 S e o A e A a k a o e scope o o ms e Yo k Ti s.

eb a 28 1 88

V RA L HANGE AN TH QU ON O MO NT NO KAGH

I ew Z a a a wi A A aPvd .eb ua 2 1 8

39. Z i B a o A a w s i e d a po a a i So e A e aVozn.

e embe 1 8

40 Se e M ko a o Ka d So e A aAoe j an M i -Sp ctato

O t e 24 1 8

4 conf e ce Ca olico V z I Lo An e eb

N v mbe 87

42 A A a e a o Ka a ae em 5 87

5

6

62

6

64

65

66

67

6

6 9

6 9

70


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43. Z r Balaya on pa tism ndKarabagh, Hye ank .Dece ber 25 1987

l y d Ser ei Mik y o o empor yA r e ia co nc , th e A r e ni a M r-S r Febr ary 6, 19

5 l y o d emi r tioe n e .

Febr ary 20 19

S KING R DR SS OF GR V NC SIN N W

4 Memo d y S e Ayv Ge er S e ryo ev K r h d N k heDece ber 3 4, 1987

7. e e of w A e i A e ij d ofem e le Izves.

st 1987

8 Ar i pe G r ev K rN kh evOct r 3 4, 987

49 Rep of dem tr ti i Yere d hei Mou i o K ,Oct r 24, 1987

0 R t o K dele i mee wiS v e l i Mo w,Abare .

ebr ary 6 9

Re l tio y the ove e of o omoRe M K r h r q e i i ioi Sov e A me Stak n b Febr ary 2 , 1988

52 Pre u of ew w ve f dem r io K abagh and Yerev an, t e L os Anae le T im e s .February 23 1988

53 . Se me t f p e h de ve ed e ev demo r tioFebr ary 24-26 1988

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78

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88

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Segme f pe h del ve ed a Ye eva d m st atFeb a 26 988

c Ba s a d l ga u ed a Ye eva dem t a sFeb a y 26 1988

5 N w a Y a de t atth e L os A m e l T . Feb a y 1988

55 P a u t f mee g betwee G ba hev a dA menian r ep sentative s, W h i to n P o s t .Feb a 28, 1988

v SPONS S WITH N TH U S S.R

92

9 3

93

94

56 S at m f Ka Dem a Y va t v ,tch. 9Feb ua 2 1988

5 R p e t C a C mm tt t th d ma d b 9he g v m M ta u ara ag

Feb ua 23 988

5 C mm t f A az Muta b v u a Ka abag Feb ua 23 988

59 D c s f t C mmu a ty f A me a Ka abagTe Aenjan rMa h 2 988

Of c a eac "pa ty a t v M a 0Kar abagh after mee ng with Mosco w envoy, Mo cow Wo d Ser jc e .

b a y 24 19

6 .L tt ath VazgeI G a h vHnik da l 0Ma c , 1988

62. Ex erpt f m a me age y ach v t S 02pu l cs f A a a d Az a ja

BBC r ad io, the

Ar ia n M

r S pect< tor .Ma ch 198863 A c f K d up f A e a c a ms

M a Ka a agMa c 1 988


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6. acc a t -Ar anrio ing in ba janth e N w Y ork T im es .M rch 3 9

V.v. THE MEN AN SPONS IN TH SPO

10

65 L t fro A a D o a c b ral ga za on 107to G he r ga ng Ka a agh and Na ich vant n an M rD c mb r 2 1987

6. M r du rom oc De ocra c H c ak an 1 0 yto orbac ev u o t of A ena ncla m n Kara aghM .

Dec mb r S, 987

67 etter y A m n n R o o ary Fed atio ndate en by A n an N t nal Co m tt ex ng f ll

o of A a de tr t d c mAD c mb rs 987

68 Co q y t e Re r s ta C tte 1 2of Ar co ty ancHara ch.F b ary 26 9

69. R o n e te he U. . R am s dot 1 3c by n Ar a ,Q

F b ary 28 29 1988

70. legr m nt o Go a ev y Al Mano g an 1 4h A e i an r -Sp e a o.

rch 3 988

7 . e ent y Ro Va an e c i e or of t 1 4 A e an A e y f A ca t eA e a M i

ch 5 988

72. . A an p o ga ze o gh de n at on 15n any h A c n h N w Y e

F bru ry 27, 988

D train Pars,

N w o k Wa h gto D C1 6

Mont a a g Los A g e d c oF bru ry 2 - 28 988

c. o s a o A g 1F bruary 28 988


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d D monst a o s n Los A geles.Ma h 2, 1988

7 T egram by Ca holico K ekiD Go ac ev,Ma h S 1988

7 ecla a i of t Bu auof e A me an Revolu o a yFede at o c cer g e kil ngso A me a i z jaMa h 0 1988

APPENDICES

PHOTOG PHS

B ST TIS CS

CHRO OLOGY

E. O HISTORY A C RRE T EVE TSVIEWS A I TERVIEWS

O B i Policy e Caca s sA t A n

2 USSR: H sto y a d ol cy in C c. G Ho i i n

A ov e a adoxRo d y

G a no and Na iona t s ol cyRon ld S y

C a and Exp cta o sG d Lib d n

6 Ne o Ra ical Refo mGe Lib d n

BIBLIOGRAPHY

7

1

1 8

23

133

139

14

6

8

1 8

1

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REFACE

In eb a y19 t e K b g , N gomo K rabagh ndMounta no K ab g dom n t nt a iona n w

e A men an ma o ty o h region cu nt y nder he risd c ono t e Azerb j n R., had eti ioned he u reme ov et of hU . .R o med e tr sfer of th e to y to e nea y A men an .R K rab gh Armeni nd A meni ns n ov e A menia h d b ck d t e et t on w t m iv ye e ce ldemon tratio s.

edemo tr ons nd thev ol nt re on n ov et A b j nad ng o e ma cre of A me a in mg e b j n ave

r sed n mber o re ev n ques ions s w ll a ome fe .Meanw l e, m ch idle ec l t on d bst ac on ve b n ffe das nte retat on of t caus and s g c of e e ven .

ven g ss non le s nde nd nt o he udgment of ob vand on occas on, of the organ ze

A nd c io t a w atever Mo cow dec de to do t edete n on aw t d in Moscow t que on w ll no be r o ved nthe near fu e for wob c rea o blem o d by Kar b gh A men ans mo e (or ) ha te tor l or cannot be eq ed o i :t e q e ion de l w b c oci l, economic, olitic m n nd

t r l g s w c c r en y d n d by Az rb j n

gove m n . dm istr t v so on d c a ed f om o cow kely to c nge ther Azerb j ni be v or nor h A m n n 'ea c for more d gn f d st nce T e q e t on s o b n

inve ed w rger g c nce n the con ext of the ol t cs of efon the ov e n on th m ing even e s k y h erm nennd f nd m nt o u ion w be fo nd

The u o e of h vo me o in rod ce he m l f ce ed natu e of the qu on of Mo nt ino K b g o g ac al d c men ando er re ev n d wi h t e ho e tha t w ll hel r ade s nde st ndw y has reemerged a h t me nd why not li ely o go away

v nif de n ion m d by m d m n g or e e t t a tm t.

f cili te t e re d ng nd r nd ng and as es m n o m rilt t fol ow , me c mmen s re n ord

1 T e egion n q est on ha ong sto nh b t d nd

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adm n ste by v r ous pl . P ace name have changed and e hh s mo e han one spe ling Di eren sys em o tra e ation at

di erent time and in dif e n count s have mad the p oblemmuchwo se I order o avo d on on, in mo ex s and do uments hio u we ha e ed he u en n e a ona y a ep o m o he

name The same app i to name o ind vidua s whe her h s o al or con empo

A ew de ils m be a ied u her

Stepa k he ap o the Au onomo R gion od y w s onceKhankend G nja ( menian Gandzak) w El zav tpo , the egion ladm str i e center to which K rabagh wa at ach d du ng the r t

2 B ca e o the ve y in olved h sto y o the eth ic composi ion o wh today S ie Azerb n people have b n cal d by aa e y o na c uding Azeris Azer ta a s

Azerbai n s There h s b en no attemp n his olume o standa di ehose designatio

he te K abagh m y b ed and is u d to des gn e th eedi erentgeog aph entities 'aditionally he Ka abagh de igna onin udes he pl in s wel as the moun a no s segment o he gion.Mo n no s Ka abagh o en e e s o tha po ion o Karabagh which

n t the moun a nou pa The Autonomou Region o Moun nous K rab gh or he region in quest on on he o he hand s the egally de ined politi entity in qu t on which is n heg og ph eg on o MountainoK rabagh The Au onomoRegion smaller han the geog aph c ea known s Moun a noK abagh e d tin ons wil be help u pa ti u ar y nunde tand ngthe m ps and stati tic l da a n ded n hi volume

4. Wh le much ma er a exists on he h sto y o Ka bagh p or tosov et za i n e y i t ea ailable on he p iod sin e. Al houghA men an and Aze b n h o an ha e p du ed a w a th o

n o m ion on the tor o he respecti e epub i s nei he h s dea se ou y and y ema a y w h he onomo Region o Mo tainouKarabagh. It s pos ible to sume hat Aze bapo ead and h o i had no r on o exp o e he h s or o a

gion whi h w inhabit d a ge y by A men ans and em s con e ted;the Armen o n erp s Sovie Armen a a oided the

ssue to scape the "na on s " l bel, p i ul y d r ng he Sta nye R a i ely mor is d ne y dia pora Ar e an sto a s whonone hel ss a k a s to sou to he more r cen h sto y o he

egion

5 her s uent e e n e o he N khichevan or he A onomo

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Acknowledgements

Te Krab gh F le was co ceived, w e compiled a d p oduced w hresearch, ed to al, og st ca a d desig ass s a ce f om:

Dro Ab ahamiaA amais A do aMa k Aya iaAlva Badal aHo ig Be ber a

a Boghoss aVahe Ghah ama iaSa p H Ghaza aAra Gha a ia sA m k G a a a sGaspa Hacob aKare Ha o t aKevork Im aNora Ne cess aMa al Po ad aA neh Stepa iaM ga o S epa ia

Khac g To olyaTal e Vosker tch aVahe Ze o ia

Th s ol me co ld ot have bee comp d a d prod ced w ho th mThe Zorya I stit e s deeply gratef l.

T e Z ya I st tute d t e edit f h s ume are al g a efu t e Ve Rev S Zw k ian f he S Jam Armeni n A o t c Church f Sa renC f ,f r vidi g p t graph f e dem s ra Yerev ; t the B ea f t eA me ia v lu i ryFed ra i f r erm s t se nd ubli h critic d cume ts

f e R public f A me ia A hives a d t Dr R ube Ad ianf he A me nAsse b y f Ame ica a dM. A a Kalayjia f eAuenja Mir r-Sp t or f rpr idi t i mate ials

i t d ct m te ia s t the d c me s re a e n tex a red b R ch rdG.H v ia R n ld G Su , Ke r i zi and Ger rdJ. Lib id a

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N RODUC ON

There is a stra ge fas i a i with he w rd Ka abagh, apla ewh h deserved y e me i heN YTi duri g he ast fift yea s e e t eve ts M u a usKara agh a S v et Arme a se t rep ers

a diff u t ear h f r hard t i d ph t s, f ms a dvide tapes. M s exper s had re er t maps ide tifytha ex s u di g ame.

The fas i ati may exp a e y he multiple dime si s the s ry, a d he sym i a d real s g if a e hese

eve s have f r u t ies a d pe p es he reg , a d he Wes

The dime s s are fa , as at g A me ia s M u tai us Kara agh a sma e ave he s u her

r e he S v et U take the w d f the u t y sew eader seri usly, a d pet t f red ess f gr eva

A pe ple, with litt e exp rie e w h dem ati stitut sas u ders d i the W s , tur the m ha i ms S vietst u tu es f ums f r deba e a d arti ula gsta d g a ms. The hey ba h i dema ds wi hpea efu dem strati s G as st they argue g ves themthe igh t air g ieva es a d pe i i their g ver mepe tr kagives hem he right t expe a rad a ha ge itheir ega status sa i by Stal s , aft aMikhai G r a hev h mself hal e g g S al s assumpti s

a d syst mThis gi , disa m g i its simpl ity, e i t the supp t fArme ia s S v et A me ia earby N w he sma t f

he republi s f the U.S S R w esses e hi d f tstize s, l s a m l i them, ake t the st ee s f r a

wee , i supp rt f the dema ds f Kara agh Arm ia sThey, i tur , a j i ed b A me ia s i the par f hS viet U i , su h as M s w a d i the Diasp ra rtha S uth Ame i as Wester Eu pe, the Nea Eas wheredem s ra i a d peti i s i re se p essure S vied pl ma s

Mo h n nu beThe u sti the Aut m us gi f M u tai usKa a agh is a re a ively simple e f r its%A me iai habita s Kara agh, he hist ri Artsakh pr v e, hasbee part the A me a pa im y f ver a m le um

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t is entral to A menian lt ral an histori al i entity ansta ehoo Sin e he egion was annexe o Azerbaijanbe w n 9 an 19 he A e ba ani go ernment has

e elo a o i y o e onomi an so ial is iminationan o iti a re ression, mak g li e in o erab e or itsi izens in a a iety o ways

A menians also ear that he ose o th se oli ies s toor e them to mig ate an h s i te one o the ew

remain ng is i ts o histori Armenia sti l inhabi e by ama o ity Armenian lation S h a e e o men

onstit tes or A menians art o a y le whi h starte withO toman rkish oli ies o re ression a ent y ago inWestern A menia, now aste n key an in l thet rki i ation o Nakhi he an, with ol sion between

rkish nationalis s in rkey an Azerbaijan.

he en rob emsp aguing he region are ra o thet ans e o Mo ntaino sKarabagh Azerbai an at a time o

oo eration between So iet ssia an he Nationalistrkish lea e shi

For Azerba an, he a t that the ma o ity o the Mo ntaino sKa abagh o lation is Armenian is n i enta ans on ary to othe a ts Karabagh is theirs now an it hasb n ar o he e elo ment o Aze b ani nationa

ons io sness, largely a os so ieti ation henomenonA e baijani na ionalists onsi er Karabagh art o theirhomelan when ha e ome many o the o ntry sin e e t als an oli i al lea ers F nally any hange in thes a s o he erritory wo l be onsi ere at he resent imean na e table blow to A erbaijani na ional ri e h s, itseems nlikely hat the go ernment o Azerbai an wo la e e on its own to A menian eman s to re rnMo ntaino sKarabagh o Armenia he So iet Cons it tion

o s re ire tho gh, that any hanges o bo n a iesbetwe n two so et re b i s be wi h the onsen o both

While awai ng he inal res onse o the A menian eq estomise by Gorba he o he en o Ma h9 it is

wo h ex lor ng as to why the origina as na ion e en

sym a hy or the Armenian emons ators, weakenegra a ly to an extent that emons rations were seen tothreaten Gorba he s os tion

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w n gl sn s e en gl n s ?

Ho did it happ n that thos ho gav body to th doctrinof glasnost and p restroika r charg d by xp rts and hm dia ith threat ning th sam g asnost and per troi aHo could th p ac f l exercis of a doctr n b defined as adanger to tha doctrine? Ho could the xp r s and thm dia insist that Arm nians ar thr atening Gorbach v'sr forms hen r form is hat A m nians ant?

t is possib that th m dia and the exp r do not b lievthatth re are s rious probl ms n Mountainous Ka abaghthat u l A m niannationalism n Karabagh. t may also bthat upon rther refl ction th y do not b li ve that it as am s akfor British Sovi ussian and rkish l adersb een191 and 9 to a ard Mountainous Karabagh toA r aijan T es , ho v r ar un i ly hypoth s . Them d a has fai to pres n arguments to that ffect orproduc any tract of r s arch

he d monstr tors in Y revan ose bann r statedP restroika is not xtr mism" se m t have b n a are fhe danger of ng defin d ithin cont xts re van to theeal prob ms

Whi it ould b na ve and rong to xp ct that an act illb d fin d in history so e y in terms intend d by the actorimpos ng on s o n f rs, p udices and p c ationshard y constitutes an a ternativ m h dology hdocuments and facts introduced in this volume on the basisof an xt nsiv s arch indica tha such an alt rnativ mustb e cted on sci ntif c as e l as hu anitarian groundsJust as do ot hav th right as h storians to d sr gardover helming documentary evid nc that negate our vi s

e also do not hav th right to condemn others to p rp tualaves of con l ct just because do not poss ss th mora

courageor po tica i l to favo correctiv measures n theabsenc of such a i l distorting h s gn ficanc f thefacts if no facts themselves app ars an acc p able m thodof harmon ing conf cting values

W y d n ey ss l e?

Th history of sovi t nationalities po icy, stat m nts ofGen ral Secr tary Gorb chev and is advisors and the9sovi t consti ution indicate that h qu stion o nationalit es isposed diff r n ly in he Soviet Union than he e hnic


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d mens n s n Amer can pol t cs Sov et nat onal t s po cye ncom pa ss e s everyth ng om the funct on ass gned toe thnic/cultural dent cat on w th n deology, to the deve opmen o a quas nat on sta e structure w th n the

arger sov et system.

hequest on pos d to me r c ntly y an exper encedreporter Why do ethn c groups w th n the Sov et n on

ns st on prese ng the r nat onal dent ty ns ead of ass m lat ng l ke we do n Amer ca? s more of a commentary on he reporter than on the Sov et Un on or onthe role of nat ona t es n Sov et pol t cs

However ent on see ng a new sov et dent ty emerge sov eeadersand the state deology they em ody have come to

re t the rea t on that e hn c/cu tural/l ngu st c categorare and can e nv s d w th grea dynam sm, that th e could come veh cl s for su stant a change n h story ethe nat ona d mens on can e part o the solu on and notjus the pro lem Na ona sm can e used and has eenus d o course, to ke p con l c s al ve and to just fy the cont nuat on o an emp re or to create one. Nat onal sm asa soappeared n h s ory n a more pos t ve l gh hepa r o sm promo ed y Stal ndurin g the Second World War

s only the most o v ous exampleOne cana so th nk of theh story o nat ona l erat on movemen s o knowna onal smhas assumed such funct ons outs de So et

deology too

t poss e to mag ne then a role for the ethn c actor nthe percept on of glasnost and perestro ka?t poss le o

mag ne a funct on for a re nv gorated more mag nat venat ona t es pol cy? Cou d tthat Gor achev s con emplat ng such a stra egy to promote an open soc e y?

h s would expla n h s apparent calm and restra nt n deal ng w ththe demonstrat ons n Yerevan Cons der ng further,the oppos on he s fac ng and the we ght of the ureaucracyfunct on ng aga nst h s refo ms pu c suppo express dthrough mass ve demonstrat ons may e one of the ew real weaponshe has aga ns the react onar es n h s governmenIt s not surpr s ng fo example, hat such monumenta demonstrat ons ecame poss le n Yerevan whe e KarenDem an he F rst Secretary of the Commun st arty of A men a s d sp sed y the Gor achev an ntell gents a

n nt on f ght ng corrupt on and pollut on and s cons deredas one of the few ant Gor achev local leaders ef n power.

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Ac ord eyew t ess c u s e o y power t t w sre e d du t e week demo str o s w s e

over me t of Dem rj , w c d c me r e vM ss dem str o s w t r ss r ots r t w t ou s le c de w out po e rmy terve

y e ef t s ost

Wh u ng p oble fo b v

W e s p em f r G r ev? T e swer temer es ere s u d e ee t e re t o Azer j A m l o pe ef d d s pl ddemo s r rs y G r c p c ures d e ss y "A o c de e te f ego ver me t ofA me " uld t ve t re te edGo ce . M ss c es

fdemo s t rs or oft e omp tr s co ld Somed y m y poss e dete m e w t e ere e y kse we e o e me t of er j w c m st e tt e e s e ted e po roms st rme s d ere ct ry w e K eml O e must ls wo de

ut t e p t G r c ev s s ck from t e P t u otw ye s o G yd rAl e f er j m

de ed se y w t t e po c es of Bre ev dA dr po

A est w c e d s ee r sed s W ywou d G r e e cour e or toler e t r se f s

ss es t t s me D d ' e expe t tr e? O e swet e e G r c ev per ps p r u rly Gor ev,ot m cr m e cou y of1 o t es d e c

oups A m re c mpre s ve wer u dt o ry to t e er t e erpreprese ted ve Gor c e m y e d muc

t r se e ss e eforet expl ded; j s s e co d seece ut to t k ces w t c m c d ol c

re o efore t s e r z o o psed

T e eed f r s ut s t t e r us o es pr lemw St ly p rt l y esp s le seems to e s

mm e t t sk s t e m mm y u dersto d ed f rr d l es t e ec m c d p c elds W

s ye fo d co ere t d cep e f rm r c ot e demo r p c d me s oet p cst e cr se e pr po M s m s et c t e s

e rof f d me sm d t e d T rk s p o e o s r e y re ce t ly mp rt t ss s ff t

G r c ev s e d t t c t xt t e

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A e A e b ij i co ct is ex c b te by t e gious et ic i e e c s bet ee t e t o gro ps But t ese

cto s e so co p ex c ot suppo t si p isticexp t o o eve sIt is so c e t t e bove rgu e t s y i tyt e respo se to t e e o str tio s e b j - e i s o

espo s bi ity o t e st te o irs e s o cts ss cr s-- s s uc po itic sig i c ces t e

e o str tio s t e se ves ei c e i p ct is t est tut o o t os ere o erro ic is ot co uci eto u t e e ocr ice peri e t tio co seque ce

suc e ctio eve tu ly e s us to co e e pe ce ue o str to st ose seeki g c ge e or o vi g

eto e e rt cu te t e o p ob e s s ogice s us to te t ose seek g c ge t t to p ese e t e r g t

to ee o o speec t ey ust ot exe cise it; to e t er g o e ess o g iev ces ey s ou ot express ostrive o t e

S e s n d e ef

ur bus ess s usu i terp et t o e su es t t reg ogove e t s c s A erb ij ssu e po er ss iMosco c p r y e t re or prog u er y t e

S S.R s ogic ' c e ex e to ot e e s o e o i t e So ie io S te ter or ss cres s

t ot to e o ove e ts ve orke i t e

P i ippi es i Ce tr A e c cou ries e se ereCou t t ppe i t e Soviet U io ? Is t t t et to see ppe i t e Sov et U io

e opes ot A yet o e se cou o e expt etot bse ce o o ou r ge ig tio i o icic rc es t e co e e s o t e Su g it ot e

ss c es o u e o civi i s c u i g prego e b bie e i e p e i i g ess i t e

i o g expertsto b e s p rt cu r y t eS ite br c is to begi su t to e it o

i io s o peop s.

t s so su t to o e's i e ige ce e oryAr e i s Mus i s ve ive i t ot e p tso t e or i pe ce ut espect t o t treo

c s es ere ve bee o t e ot e se ousprob e s it p cu egi s e t upo eut i i gre or s ove e ts o g A me i s W e er o e e e s

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to the 9 9massac es of ove me ia s ithe Ottoma Empi e fo lowi g he i e of a libe atiomoveme t o the Ge oc de of the me ia s begi g i191 i the ha ds of he p oto fascist Yo g k o to massac of 9 19 (d g the i st R ssiaRevol io ) a d aga i91 19 (The Oc obeRevol tio i he T a sca cas s i he ha ds of ze i

ks, he p oblems have bee po i ica i a e hep pose of s ch massac es have bee to dest oy thepe cha t fo efo m which all s lf p i g b ep se g o ps whe he a o s e igio s sec s o classes -eve t a ly deve op.

Mo e of e ha ot wholesale m de s a e exte sio s ohepowe which stat e e cise to make ad stme s i the

political age da of hei s b ec s; a d p ese ti g s ch co cts as e igio s ha ed s aive, a b t

y ng he b den of b g powe on d on

H sto yhas epeated itself i st a othe espect d g thasmo th a d e pe ts a d epo te s may ye d mea

i histo y. t oes appea ha he abse ce of mo a o t aat S mgait s ot i depe de t of he i te p etatio imposed o the eve s Had the seq e ce of eve ts we wit e ed the Ca cas s occ ed i a diffe e t se ti g eve t atS mgai co ld have ed s to h k hat pe haps t e esid of Mo ai o s Ka abagh have good easo -- easo sbeyo d abst ac at o al sm a d te ito ial i de i ica i wish to cha ge thei polit ca sta sfact, o gove me t"e pe t o majo epo te has ve d a opi io i that

espec .Opi io make s have bee mo e co ce d abo aa do a's Bo tha wo d th eate the Sovie io -

same Sov e U o whose collapse ma y a e p edict g aafew a e hopi g. O ceagai a sma l a io is ca y g hef lJ b de of the co t ad ct o s he e t big powepo i ics a d Ka abagh me ia s will p obab y be asked co i eaccepti g he sta s o i o de o o dis b thpeace of o he s i o de ot t spoi he big powe game.

Ma y of those who ob ected the past o a y se of fo cbyMoscow we eage to s K eml se it ow a d seemed a most disappo t d tha d d o do so The h wasthat fo ce wo ld be sed aga s the demo s ato s iYe eva

O e e pe ie ced epo te asked "Why d d he Sov et U

V


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which has th p itica wi a d mi itar m sc t imp sa hi it wi h d its b c s, t rat ch a sca

d m st ati s r s " It is vi s that ithVi t am a d ha ista r Ira a d th Ph ipp havb ab t shak th u wav r aith ma hav thabi it a m t d at p p s hat ma b th r t cau th au t i t rp ta i s w v v t

B t si rc a ai t th d m s rat r M sc wa w d "a th ic r up that sh d hav disapp a d a t mak as st w rk r th m r r a m m t vt d it G rbach v a w d a sma ati , mad up r ap p ath tha th p rp w rac a d hab tract s it rat s t itimi i a wa thm cha sm c d p t ika his, i act, ma b thr a th disapp tm t th m dia a d xp rts am th w rd Karaba h a w d which tw w ks a s m d asci ati .

XXV


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HIST RY A D P LITICS

I. To

I Revolution, Republic, and C v l War

I Sov et za ion

V F om S alin sm to the B ezhnev YearsV The Era of Pe es o ka

The Need for Radical Change

i Rad cal Change and the Ques ion

of Mounta nous Kara agh

ii Seeking Red ess of Gr evances

in a New Era

iv Responses Wi h n he U S S R

v Pos t on of he Armen ans in he

Diaspo a


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I TO

K gh Gh gh, in A m ni n known in o iSo i t p n go no-K gh o Mo nt inoK ghA onomo Di i I i g on o 699

mi w h n pop ion of pp oxim3000 p op of whom8p n A m n n n m m n k g d n h i known fo itgg d , it wi d mo n in nd it in i i i o

th of h C

n n n im h gion o K gh nd mo of n w inh d p op d A ni n

not o on with p op of h m n m nowing in B k n A o ding o th G k g og ph

S o t . B C K gh w i h h n n omp doth th mo nt ino N go no K gh of od nd h

g ow nd o nding it, h d h gh d op donom nd w f mo fo t C i n

A ni nm in n d o on wi h A m ni n Inh f n h t t th A m ni n on t d

Ch i nit , h A n n oo dop d A m n n nof Ch i i ni h fih i h d n K gh, n

h gion now known M ni w i h d G go h min to i C ho i o of A m ni

di ionh i h M s o M h o z, h monk who t d

A m ni n ph fo nd d th i hoo nK gh.

G nh n it o gion to o i if d ing h tp iodi i no p i ing in th fo owing two n i

A ni n m g d w h A m ni n h no i itint m i d th gion i hop w of n A m ni n

nd h n h n u th p id n i ofthA ni n w o

t ito i o oth Mo ino K g nd go ndingow nd m p of h A m ni n

p o in of ik S nik nd A khh nth ndigh h nt i m of hi w on d Awho on d po tion of h pop ion to I m n

K gh, on m m no it w on t d hion of K g h ng d d in th n h

n wh n h thni k in ion g n. hk d m g d om C n A i d on d n

nd o nd d th S k ki h d n whi h i id d


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the a me ia rom020 o the i a ioe tro e m h of me ia, a Ka abagh e e all t

lo la ff re gre tl B the mi - e th t r theA me ia k g om e tro e . Bu he alri i al t o S ik, h h o e th mo tai ou

ter ito th outh t of to a So iet A m ia aMo a o Kar bagh a b ame b o to there t o A m i . I the ollo i g t r , thou of A me ia fou r fuge i K abagh r the ote t o of ati or s.

D ri g th t e h eight th e t rie Ka abagh ga e ri e to the io r o the A me ia ma i tor tr gg e R re e ta of th regio attem te to i r tthe mo ar h of Ru a other E o ea o i embark g o ru a e to liberate he Arme l teth ea t o io of hi h r o u ie b thOttoma

k h a Per i Em ir . Duri g th1 20 hreb io o h Arme ia of S ik K rab gh, l bD iBeg a h e e ot b hough t m ora u Th R ia m re i g o th a i th Tr , a e he te i or of Kar b gh 180

The Ru a tio ofK r b gh of lre og iz b Per i he e t o G lit i 18 3. ThuKarabagh ame i to the R i Em ir earl r th th r a o Yer a a kh he a h h er to R iab P sia i h T e t of T rkm ha i1828 Thi rliera atio be e it Karab gh i om a b l or ate a ma o obl m for he uture Be of the t meit ame i to the R ia em i Karabag a m art of Eli a t l Pro hi h lat r b am A erb i aA m i trati l th K r b gh o l ot b oi i1813to the et u a e e A me ia ter itori of h h

hi tor a o lat o ma eit a at al a Y r aNakhi h va h h r t h o th T i

m ire 828 ere o ga ize i he Armia ko r giol t he Y re a ro e H re i oth m i

e i io m e b o o i mi i t o i theo io or futur iffi u tie


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II REVOLUTION, REPUB IC AND CIVI WAR

D ringthe first months of e s an e o t on of91t esit a ion in Ka a agh was re ati e ca m he ssiaa m had penet ated deep n o the Ottoman m ire and he ewas no k sh t reat to Karabagh B t e end of191the ss an a m had d s n eg a ed and in e a19the O toman T k sh arm mo ed nto Armen a heOttoman T s thr atened e e an and mad a desperated i e o oi i Ba then he d b a m ti-ethn coa itionof Bo she iks headed e A menian Stepan Sha mian)andsma m nian m ar fo c s Wh e is s gg e weon, rep esentat es o the A menians Geo gians and e smet and ormed a short i ed T ansca casian edera ion BMa 9 this fede ation fai ed and th ee sepa ate,independen re b ics we e p o a med: men a

erbai an and Geo gia formed the cores of oda 's So ietep ics in e same region

e apita o the z bai ani p b ic was a iza et poGan a) T e new go e nment ndiffe ent to the w s sof

its A menian inhabitants c aimed Ka abagh as a t of hee ri o of the new ep b ic The commande of Ottoman

T ish fo ces ri asha b otherof he Ministe n easha) orde ed t e meniansof Ka a ag to s mito the

new go e nm nt o ts e hnic a , Azerbai an

In A g s 19 t e m nians ofKa a ag forme eiown nat ona assemb a ed the i st ssemb ofKa a agh A menians wh c en e ected a eop e s

o e nmen of Ka a agh Th s go ernment e ected t edemand that ish oops e erm t ed to en er hei ca tao Sh shi B the endf the s mme on Se m e e

s too Ba W t the ethn Aze a ani r s at theiside the ca ed o a s s emat massac eof eA menians in cit d ing whi t s es imat d hat

000 to 0 000 A men ans died When he news o t atmassac ecam to Kara ag A men ans nders ood he toowe eincapab e of esis ing s cess he eg a t oops o

t e O toman T sh a m On Sep em e hes m tted to the T s and 000 T r ish so d e s ente edSh shi W hin awe k 0 p ominent rmenians had beena rested the towns eop e di a med and ga ows om no se e edin e en ra s ua eof the own. There no te ngwha wo d ha e hap ened ad e ks sta ed m ch


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lo r

F d w h h Tur h o up o h Krm w loo for d from rm d

m o d h ord r Th w fo d dm R pu l ro d Y r w mu h oo

w o h lp Th o l for of o uw h d p d omm d of G r l d

o rr ll f h r d m r l d r urG r l dr d d d o h lp d h

mov d ow d Sh h Th dv how r, wh d r d Mu l m r d hd o mo m , wh h r l d f l d l B for dr o ld r h Shu h h

o w h m l , h F World W r d d dTur , lo w h G rm d r - r

rr d d o h l .

Th Br h o up o for would ow pl h ol r . Th Br h

ord r d dr o op ll f r h r m r dvd o w h ol o of h m Q o

h P r P Co f . dr o wo o z h Br h r d o Gor

zur. Th h rm p d h f ofK r h h h d of h Br h d h W r

ll . Th m h d v r o o xph h would r d w h Br h r

ll, m h d fou h w h h l d h d h m of h r m h O om T .Pr d W l o h d p d d ppor for h

rm h m m h r j h d l of h T r 1918 p ll h

w h f w mo h h B h h f d h r pporr Tr o h

mo v d o h r d o l Tur oph l d h r opol l mp o h h d d o

f or d dom m r Mu m hM dd w h S d d p ul rl

ho o l p o m .

Th m of Kar h could xp c h lp fromo o d o o u 1919 h r l d r m w h h R p of r j

p u hor u l h f l d co oMou ou Kar h w m d h P r Co f r . B h r m h m of

6


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K ghwe e g n ed u u n m . h g emene h dn m n p den n e n ng h e n

M n n u N g n K gh nd j n.n he me m n h g 9 9 h B h g n he

w hd w m e n. B h e he h n h eg n e e he p e en d e u

B upp he - u k p n nK ghde p he p d m n n m n n m j n

h h eg n w n ded n ndependenR p n.


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20 S p m 1918

Repo on sh Gene l Kh l l P sh s V so e ev n

R pub ic A iM ist y f F gn A aM. A.

P cM ss to G rgi is

26 Sep em r 9 8N 871

T C s t pleD g i me

O h m ing A g st 3 s , Kh hK s d B r n ke s icc mp d by me e d Y r The cep w q e w . M A m h

M ist r I te A a r a d d h P h h d c m h st ti n h iPa h r w ds d h gg d m w g h sh P sh ev w d hh r g rd d h cc mp ed y th r c w t wn w thA .

g h wh proc h b d p y d m m rches.

[ ... ]

The h d q s i c c e th s t n K r bagh. [P m Mi i er K ch n nixp d r iews r ga di g th s iss e wh ch w h w g: Th g

M n arab gh a d Z gez re de s y p p d A me ter r d c b y g men r g h i e t Az j H we e inc h

t r r s s b c s wit reg rd this s ( ti Arm ) hg t m th he p c s K r b gh h s s dei he th C an p C e ce r by he pe p e K b gh h m Uns ch r s th s pr b m h g men Ar a d s t w nt t t rv

he n a K r gh d dem d h zer j i t the h ish s d th h pe y s g em nt w h w nd pr mi ed L h

rba j g m t b t hi s med a be we themd

[ .. ]

D g he c rs i s K h m d sig c s ip "W rkd t in e s i g y ; h w r we h a d nd w t t r h t d

We d si t r st sh r wi h cie t h m d T r n nd r hat w w tthe r d ti g r tw her r y a e r sdicIn h s w y hT ! sh d s xp d h r om tthe way s d e sp c c

ic t i h w rd h i P sh

[ ]


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Ve y R spectf y,

A. Jamalian

Envoy o A me ian Repub ic in Georg a

[Rep b c o A me a A ch ves File No 65]

2( p 9

C nf dent l ep t t e e n f m A en n en y te g n A e b n s up n f Shush

Dia y of e A menia Miss on No7i isi 28 Sep ember 918

M . amal an h s met n K ess rega ding e coming even s in Karabagh.

e Aze ba ja i gove ment has sen oops to Sh sh o c q er Ka abagh. he secnfo ma ion avai b e toshows t th oops ave o der m the gove me o

eve th g pside down. The es on o a t p by o r de ega ions o Sh his oyet o ved

Th s Azerba an do no agree with o r v ewpoin which is to wait nt the comple ono the Constantinople Con erence M amalian bro g t to the atten ion o t econfe ence and o Von K ess that the peop e o Karabagh b ing mi tant c as es be w enA me ia s andTrk w ll expand t o g o t the co n y n esponse to t e ishd p dat o s, w c may eng l the w ole o Ka abag

Von K ess as st t t a it is di c l o enter into any negotia o s with N P shad e o strai s in their at onships He ea a his media on w ll only speed p heevents s ch as occ with regards to e Ba a a .

M ss on Adv sor M k man an

[Rep bl c o Arme ia Arc ives le No 6 )


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[ u 9 9

n J n C l neD I Sh ttlew th f he t shC nd ss ed the f l w ng c c l wh ch d ew v lentp tests f the pe p e f K gh nd he g ve n en f

en

T e Eng i Comma d de lar to he enti e popu a io of e o ties o Sh ,Za g , Jeb a a d e a shir h t:

he gove me t o A er a j n ts de is on o an y 15 19 9 h appo ted D .a o as go e o -gene a . He enjoys the coope o o the g s omm d;

2 o m wit exis g aws a six ma o o apa e A me ian dM i s to e o d in e go e o gene sh p to mi s e to he eeds o e e repop io

a of o he Eng i M ss o m oi the o n i the repr se t ti e o eng sh Comm d

he A er a j n t e y e re pon e o the arie o of s a d fo a oexpe s s he go e o ge era s ip

5 the i o io to disp ed q estions eman e om he [Pa s] ea eC n e n e

6 t e g sh M ss o i e ormed d e o m r mo emen s ithhe o dar e o e go e o ge e a ip

7 wi h th s omm n q ee g s C mm d hes to emp a ize t n order o t eG e or Gene a to ll t e o g o s p e o m d g prese o of a d ord t e go er or ge er s p a eg a io nd d r ti es s ed eGo e or Gene d re s m s e ena ed tho oppo ition nd e g hC mma d lends s ppor to eg ad p edme rs

R p i o A me Ar iv Fi e N 9

1 0


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4[2 J nu r 9 9]

P es N e f e en n G e n en e b n nK g

A ex No 5

T t e M ster of g A a r t e Repub c f A erba ja , Baku

Accordi g o i rmati tha a reached us roug p vate sources, e Counc fM is e s e Rep b c Aze b a ha dec ded o estab sh a G ve Ge e a s pover Jevansh r S ush eb ai and Zangezur

I am struc ed by my gove men t p tes e ab ve d si n wh c is c ary Lheter o al r g s Arme a

a uary 26 919Min ster f Fore g Affai

n

No 129

[Repub ic A men a A c ves, e No. 8)

5[20 F r 9 9]

P es N e f K b g en ns ed G e n en .

A me ia Natio a C unci Karabag20 h February 919

e Arme an Gene a Assemb y Karabag i s urth s tt g on 19th F b ua y919, a g e mi e t e resp nse o e gov t ba a t he Armen a

Gove me , p t s s e e ge ica y agai st he c ar y e p essed i e t n f eAze ba ja gove en to co ide Kara agh a a pa t o th te o y o A e ba an.

The A enia p pula i n Ka abag basing i s a titude n t rig of ationa ie tose f-dete m a ion] as i as bee ac w ged by t Peace C n erence appea s o t epub c p on o th wh e w d a d r tests e e geticaUy a a st is attemp on thepa t e Gov ent rbaija v r o h righ a far as Arm a Ka abagis c ce ed. Karabagh ver as a kn w edged he a h ty of the gove me Azerbaidja w i its bounda es a d ne r w

1


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T e G e al ssembl begs e Re ese a ves of e l ed Gove e s i eCau as s as we s e Pea e C fe e e o defe d e ig fu laims

T is a of es s be g a esse o e C mma de f e ll ed o es a ake e a T ms , e me ia ove me a d fa e me a e ega io

a e Pea e C fe e e.

S g ed

P s

[ pub i of me ia ves Fi e No. 9)

6[ 0 F ru r 9 9A P opos l fo h p o s on d n s on ofK b g

me a Na al C u l20 Feb ua , 1919

T e P je of a P vis o a m is a o of me a Ka abag

1 Pe i g e de isi of e Pea e Co fe e e, m ia Ka abagis beadm is e ed as ol ows:

N eI e ia Ka abag is si e ed e m a o egi [ om osed of) efo owi g s s S u i K ag , eva s i (J abe d , Eli ave l u is a w

om a e ia maj iNo e T e Za gezu d s i is o be a m s e e sepa a el

2 T e Gove me is e a ds a P v ia Co , esidi g i S us

T e C u il is mp se 7 e ia s (1 f e w f S us i1 f K a e ,2f Va a da 1 ak1 f eva i 1 El ave p l i G is a a

M amme a s e m e w S a d2 m e d s i sN e . O e g u a spe al ag e me e me a a ze ba ja epub i s

a e e s ed i e Co i b a elega e ea

. T e ead e s Miss S s is e a ma of e C u il ef o

e i e ese a ve s e le o o e p o eed gs o e C u l

1 2


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a sh r t s pe a y s ec s

6. The V ce-pre en h C c s electe y e C c l

7 t e c a s a e pp te y t e C c

8 The a m strat c mpl e h e la s he R ss a mp e ( c g th se t e P ov s a G ve me

9 The s s ppleme y a s a e e y e C c l a sp cpe m ss t e Br A t r es.

10 e m vem ts t ps y th c t act g pa t es ca n t e t e t sp c al prev s p m ss t e B t s eprese t t ves. B th c t c g pa es are

g t e t ps ack t e l ne ere hey a e at e m me ev e t ss e m st mp str teg c p ts B t s etachmentp ets a e e e ta s The ss n s t e e m e t e m e t ps

c t act g part es t s ay t e z e e sp te

T e expens s cca e y the m str are t e c vere y e est s m axes a t es.I t e ca e c e CO c l s t the nec ssary s m y

ay cre

12 T e et ls e p ec e e e m ne y th C c get er t he ss

B ga v,m er t e K a ag al CO c l g te t e t A sem ly.

7[ 4 F 9 9]

Me ndu f ep esent es f e F u Asse y fA en ns K g C nde f All ed es n

ns u s

Ge e al F ste Wa ker 4 Fe ary9 9 C m a er t e A e F ces nca c s a

Gene l

A me at al C c l e ec e at t r h D str c Assem y egs tc mm c te y h gh e te me a y M Hra Baga a r v

r el a em ers f t e C c , s v e s n e p es s a e r g n

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o Ka bag .

You k ow by ws p b ish d i t pr ss as w by th Co c 's r po on l T om o , hat h Arm a o K r bagh ook pto d d ir ib r y

a d r g s o d p d nc T y r s d o submi o pow o h rb j isn y fo whatso v r a d oth g can ca s m o a t s d cis on

A r q st of G ra homso t A m a s o K bag s sp d d aU mi yc a d mov m t o oops Bu whi A m i ns o K rab g ac d bso u y iccord c w d mands o t Br tish Mis o z rb a o m t mo d

s m s o mpo s at g c poin s s ch as As ran K k d Zaba gh Shus dKo agi

A h sam im w hi t bou da o K bag , h Tu t op co i d t iro ra io d r command o rk s of ic

s ac ar ta by t A i popu ion o Kar b gh o b h pr im o po icyo agg sio o pa o Az ba n Go m a d is o s q ymuch x y a d indig a io among h p p

B g d o h s andpoin o t P c Con i g rd o q s io otio a y A m i ns o Karabagh, i o d to pr s irg ts nd au ori y

and irm y b ng t h P c Co nc w sa s y i x b d sa mo y xp ss d by A m pop o o Ka b g o i s ia y A a gio wit t rr o s o th A m an R p b a o [

opi io a o y ogica prov sio so utio p nd g th d c s o o P acCo f r c s o m in in si ation as was b o th a a o h Tur

T i o d mar at on b w th Arm nia zo o Ka b g , n w c A a smb 75% o9% o popu a o d M im zo is c ar y d n d a d a

e d wit p c ion by 1ansc u as a Commit o o a o s]

I h s A m n po t on o K rabag oi d o h A m ia po ion o th dis r ct E sav po (G sta wit w ic it poss ss s d v sib s, w consid

d sp b o o ga i s gov m t u d co ro o h Br tish M ssio a do p ip o p opor ona pr s ta io g s o h M s m mino y b

nt y sa g

h d s o h pro wi b pr s n d by o r d ga s I wo d app a om p o c abor d by B ish p s ta i Sh i Ma o Monk Mason as w a

om a r ddr d by G n B. om on o Ma or Vara d Soc t s B y

M ik-Shahn ro , hat with h co s n o G r T omso s o g d sirabp v o a y o c a a o n A m nia Gov n n ra o Dis ct og rS s Ko g and J va i , i wh c h B t s Mi t ry a t o i s

s ou d a b r p s d

A rog o s Gov m o s sor a d h io o wo disti ctA m a d

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M s m d s r c s of Karabagh, e absolutely in dm ss ble in v ew of the c ua co d oof ex ste ce p vai i g here. A eve y momen here would be regr able fr c on nd

d scord wh ch wo d no conduc o aceable cohab t o b on he con wo ldo y envenom the rela o be w n the wo eop s

The Arme N t o l Co nc l o K b gh s ce e y a io s fo e ce a d o de dst mpo s b e o s me the es on bil y o s h a o ga io o loca au ho i y

w ch s in c n adict o w h the early e pressed wi o the eop e to govede de ly of the Azerb j nis the A meni n er o o K b g and o ma n a as

p v o ly s a d, he sta -q u ti e P ce Confe nce a ou c s ts dec o .

vi w of th bove con der t o s he Armen a N tion l Cou c l of K r b gh b gs yono o e use o have a d c change made i the p oposed scheme fom edGove me t-Ge era nd o se e the q es o o the Gove ent of he A en an Z neo K bagh in cco dance w h he p inc les out ned bove A thesame t me gs

you o ro o me su o w thd awal f om t e A me bou da es o Ka ab gh ofhe arm w i h o w hs nding h o der of the B t sh Miss on, hav adv ced doccu d A ne n o s of m an .

v ew of he sup eme mpo t nce of the qu s ion and of the com lexi y o thesi ua o , om wh ch gr ve consequenc may a se, he Ar e a N ona C unc begyou k d y to ran he resent e u t o the gh r sh C mma d

s r ng you beha o the A m o K ab gh of t wave ng oy l y anddevot on to the grea A es who h ve lways shown so much e st he nfo t eA me ia eop e, e A men an N tion l C unc l beg you G neral o cce heexp ess o of pr o nd r sp t nd devo o of the su fe ng A men n po ulat on oKarabagh wh ch s conv nc d tha t wi f d in you ow as ever powerfu pro c o o

s nte sts and leg timate as atio i he set emen o the p ov s on g me pe ngthe d c on of he e ce C n e e c

Herew th copy o he sol t on o the A menian C unc Ka abagh co ce ng thla o s w h 1he e ba j n s, oge her w th co y o s j ct fo he adm s o o

the d s c

P s den o Co nci : A S AHNAZAROFF Secret ry R-GRIGORIAN

[R publ c o A menia A c ves F le N 9]

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8[2 M c 9 9

Te eg m sen by C l nel C digny C ie f e F enMi i y Missi n in e C u sus nd T

rom he Gov t of Y va :

c a popul t o of 'a s asi s o da g om M sli . Sig i a tta o s o ga iz d und d io o Tu ks i Sha , N kh h vaS rm l

Ka b gh h v disa m d o A m ia o s a d d a Gov o G ship iA b ija Aw iti g im i s io s i id s I disp b e hat Alli d gov m ss op th t o avoid sh dd g o blood by p ompt d g ti tio d to vo dpossibl omp o [ h t ) should ope p he e s y o t s o the va s

om u k y d should s blish the omm i a io s w th thA m ia go e m t

Sig ig a aM st of Fo ig A i

Rpubli o A A hiv s l o 105

[ Ap 9 9]

Res lu n un nim usly pp ed by e Fi ssemb y fmeni ns f K b g n e issue f p isi n l

g e nmen

Co g ss o A e ia s o Ka ab gh havi g h du g s fo al sessio oAp 2 1919 h p s tatio o dm is r t v p og ams fo h t b ish t o ap ov sio al gov m i Ka b gh as p s d by G e a Sh t wo h p t vof h B ish Comma a d h v g exam d d p h s sam p ogr m d g sof ia s ssi o Ap29 o v s h t

1 h fth Ass mbly o Arm ia s of Ka ba h sp r s a d y owa dhab shm t o o d a d e Ka abagh

2 t a d s w th si e ty a d allits h a to th qu ts o t d byh B itishComma d o the estab shm t o dly la io s w h ou ta ighbo s pos tio tha h s b th po y dop d by th A m ia popu tio th oughoutKa abagh

3. t ot as G r Sh t wor h ha st ted h m hat all q st o s lati g o

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e o y and f wi h eg d a abagh w l eceive defini ive s luti n t heP n e e e.

The Fif h emb y of A menia s f K bagh find , however h t the p g am hasbeen p sen ed d es n c esp nd he w sh s and v n e es h A me ianpop t on ab gas c ea ly de ed he di ectives and c ic lmand e heAssemb y s given t i s ep esen ives

The Assemb y he e o e n the dm n st a ive p g m c ing j sd ct n in s w hhe gove ment of ze b an naccep ble, nd it bel eve ha he z i by f ce fucha p og m w uld c ea eg ave and dy n c betwe n the wo ces wh chhe ng es would n t wish a me e p ns bi i y

The igina i gned by l he membe e B e a fde eg tes

Shush ,25 Ap 19 9

Fi h Assembly f A meni of K b gh

0[ Ap 919

e F f Asse ly f e A en ns f K g Gene lS u lew C nde f e i i f es in eC u sus

The A me i ns of b gh do pp e hei Ta a e ghb ' igh s ofelf-dete t n b , whi e wai ing t e a ngemen s by he Peace Con e ence ll e q es in i ig i heydem nd hem elves he gh de e nehei fate.

Wi h ga d the ex ensi n f Aze b n' u isd ct n ve A menian Ka ab gh heFif h Assemb y f A menia f K b gh be ieve it i s bliga i n dec e hAze b an has lw ys been d emains t day an acc mplice nd lly he Tu ks a d

ll the c e e c mmi ed by he u ks g st A me gene a a d ag in tbagh A en ans n pa icul .

e b i n h s a way how nd n i ue sh w tsel day n dhe e f theT k sh enta

I A e ba n h t inv ed the T k n T a c uca i ; en ged by al p ssib emeans cts f t e s n in the e the f ghti g f ces h b king he ns n

esis nce f ce d ac l ta ng the mph n e y f he T i he te i f un y s "S a e d es n t eem have l h pe f see g he d eam f the

e u n f he T k in n uc s e zed and nt e pe sec e A me a s


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sys emat c y

The eco omic boyco t to wh ch Arme ia s were s bjec ed at t e time of the e o

k sh p sh s i o a sca c si is ow tu ed i o a systemat c gove me al po icy toopp ess e a

B ga d ge pi l ge, massacres a d a med ac s o m i h ghw ys co s t te o dimea s y wh ch Azer aij w to re l e i s goals

d U these v o e t acts e comm ed whe A me Ka ab gh e ot eve yets ect o he gove me t o fAze ij w e the rep e e t tives of power l B tL es l e to defe d

We ha e the f m co ct o h t he eal A e fo ow g the ex mple of e ed by selde bro her ey wa s to s p ess e s ge e co t g he o lyc l u aleleme t symp i g w h E ope d o theEast, a d to supp ess t eArme i of ara gh p ic la the atter ha g s cceeded defe d g to is day

h i g a d av g su er atively ewe m ss c es a d de t o

The ssembly also co c des ha the po i ica h s o ca c lt r , j idical a despe a lyeco om c co d o o he Arme ia s o agh co ld der ocirc m a c egitimate y e a e Azerba to impose o he A me a p ople t e

ccept ce eve p ov s o al y of A e b i u hor y d dm st o .

The F h Assem y o t eA me a s o Kara agh ba ed o these fac s ds timposs blethe e o e o accept he a t or y o a y dm strat o th s ched o hegov r e t o Azer ja .

W h egard o e ree ab i me t o the mea s of comm i o t e A semblyco c des t s es o ha o el io o cog o of the au o ty ofAze a ja 'sgove or-ge era , si ce t e q o o f ee omm ic o a d sec r y of

e mea o comm cat o co s t e a ecess o who e co t y a d o m d st t co om c iss e

We e co ced th t the state of peace ha G B ai s the process o esta l sh g T a c c a w h s e he eali t o o e co d o s which a e esse al fo e

re o eco omic c ty

he questio of f p s g t ro gh e e o o A me ia rabagh o rd bei gtake to pastu y A erb s h d e dy received a sa sfac o sol tio e e ho gha he t me ab gh w s s o ded by rco ata ba d ss sted by Baku Th sq es o

wo ld ot have p ese ted y di cu y a al i he Ar e i s o Ka gh h do ee orced o cog ize e a ho ty o A e ai a .

By a ach g the te t of he esol o w ich w s app oved imo s y by hC g s d s g ed y l he deleg tes, d w c ejec s he empo ar utho y of

zer ai a s gove or ge the F f A s mbly of me s o ara agh dec s

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hat t b ed s d cis o o e a d u wa e i g w l o h peop ha h g e i ma da e; e B is comma d ca d sco he same y popu a dum.

Recog z g y a cu ura a d eco om c ac o s p ay a s g ca ro e eo u ioo such mpo a po ca ques o s, F A semb y o A me a o

Ka a ag s m y co v ced a G eai e pe so o s m i a ycomma der he Cauc wou d e er wa o o ce A me a s o be bj c ed o e u e o he

Kha s o ze ba a rom wh c as eed se o er a hu d ed yea a e cos omme se sac i ce a d desc ab e su e g

T i h Assem y o A e a s of ara aghbei g i ormed o he mpe a edem drepea ed by Ge era S ewo h o e cog io o he au o y o hego e m o A e a ja d ha g exam ed e ea o a ha mo a ed h sedema ds co c ud s o e e e s a s mposs e o e ew s e ec o o p o s oA a ja u e Tha w d c a ed y e u wa g w o he who e A me apopu a io o Ka abagh w ich o de ega e o he Assem y c u d a e d so eye Thede ega es ca o accep he re po s y o ood ed wh ch may esu om he orcedes ab is me o A e bai a powe o me a Ka abagh

[ epu ic o A me a A ch e i e No 9]

M 19 9]

C py f le e f Ave s Ah n , p es den f edeleg f e Repub f A en , dd essed hep es de s he deleg ns f I ly, F e, gl d, d

e S

Pa is 15 May 1 1

Dea M es de

Cer a eg o o a ca a A me iaa so c a med by ou e g o s e Georg sa d e Ta a s A e ai a ] W e e g e m o h Re ub c A me a awa sw pa ce a d co de ce Lhe d ci o o eac Co ere ce o e g or eR pu c o A er a s seek g o c ea e a a accomp

I co o mi y w h he dec sio o h B i is H g Comma d e A ne a go e ehas s c e mo h o December ceas d mo eme s my y co ras hego e me o z ba a s g ma ch g s roops owa d A me a Ka a agh a dha occup ed reg o s wh c a e w ou ques o a o ou e o y I co ju c iow s occupa io he go e me b a y a o cia ac p c a m d hea e a io o e e occup d g o s a as se o a Go e o -Ge era M Su a o

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Gener em y of e A menia o K b gh mee ng in S u h on Feb u y19 r ec d w legi ima e ndign t on a p e e o ze j wi regar o

A e i n K a ag , w c id A em y h dec d n in eg p r o Armen a invi ue o e p incip e of n o a y se f roc imed o m ny me by e powers oe En en e.

We ve no ed w h d ep g e t a e A ed gC mm nd in e Cauc u givecon en o t e nom a ion o Gove o -Gene w i e dec a ng a i on y

empora y a r ngemen nd e n de e n i n o e on i depe d en epon e dec ion o e P ce C e ence

I i inf n e y p nf o o k ow e o y w ic a way e ongeoA m n and w ic encomp en ab o u e A m n an m o i y m y e de ive ed even

empor yo n a ien dmi a ion p o o nd y o i e o e A me a e ement

[ ]

n ac A me n K g e mo n no s di cts o EHz ve po K zakh anZange , ve to a popu a ion of49 abi an ; o e e n be358,Ar e i 24 o e C is n and on y2, M m d e c.

dd o o e e e og ap ic n de a io o be no ed po ndco i e n ndivi e p o A meni ei g e imm di e p o ga ionof t eA m n anp e u wi e mep y ica nd g o og c o io me c u e nd

e me i to y nd o m ng in ddi ion e u y de e ve mp o Aga T c inv o

A e e q e on e m nu e y expo ed in he c ed memo a d m w eDe eg iono e Rep b c o A me ha e o o o bm o yoce ency memo nd m p ov n concre e on e p ov nce o rabag and e d ced c we he v ey o eAr x o ge

'c n u de no ci c m ance be

nco a da o e

[... ]

T eA eni n peop e w du ng t e e e y s o e w nd e co o m oc i ice e i ed he di c nd indir c ck o k and Ge

a foug on e ide o e G e A e o c e of u ce nd o e de e e o n ve o con nu oday e me gg e unde r me y d cu condi ion

e conv c on e P ac n ere ce w do ce o t nde b e g .

ename of o r m c opp e e pop io , we ave e po b y wr pec y e Pe ce on rence a rb y o n wo d c ieg m te p ra o s of Ar en e b nd o ec men e u o ce o new

a d tua co c .

e e eg on o t e Rep c of en re ue o d be o e deci ion akenconc ng e e de ny o he Armeni n peop e nd e f on i of e o .

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Ple eaccept, P e ident the a u a ce of my highe t rega s.

Sign

A a o iP de t heDe eg t n fR pu l c o A me at hePea C e en

(R p b e ia Arch ve Fi e N 105)

2( Jun 9 9

Re olu onp ed by de on o n e ev no ow ngnew of e n K b g T e e olu on w uppo edby l e A en n po l p eS l e o u on we e

l o dop ed l e n o e e n lud ng Tb l

The e e o wh ch he A e ian pe ple ha e n ma sa d key Ka a aghz a ja h exceede al p e i d I i gh! We an e ate o ge thelaugh e o me a dh ld e u e the e y ey he p e e a i f he g at

pe ple o Eu ope

[ . ]

We p e e pha ica ly a d, n he ame za i and e -de e m a o op ple exp o n adm ati the Ka a agh w oa es r gg ng h icallyagain e y a y Sul a .

[Rep l Aen A h ile 66 ]

3 Au u 9 9

Ag ee en of e ep e en ve o e Seven A e bly oK b g A en n w o e no ene l Sul nov,ep ng p ov on l A e b n ule

Whe ea the a e M ai Ka a agh hall e dete ned y the P a eC ehe e v yh tile e c u e di a t the ati nali ie i ha i g Ka a agh a d

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where n whateve way he ques on of Ka abagh may b se ed A menians andM i w con inue o l ve oge her, he Sev n h A semb y of Ka abag A meniansin s mo ng ession of A g s 9 9,reso ved o pho d he fo ow ng poin scons u ng he empo a y ag eemen wi h he gove nmen o he pub ic o Aze baijan:

The con rac ng par ies accep p ovis ona ag eemen un he Peace Co e e ceender a d cision wh ch bo h des sha accep a qua y bind ng.

2 Th Arme an-popu a ed mo n aino sec or of Ka abagh (D zak Va anda K achenabe d) n he coun i [uez s o Shu i Jevan h eb a ega ds i se f o be

p v siona y wi hi he boun a ies of he Azerbai ani epub c

3 he coun o Sh h evansh r and ebrai emain a d nc a mini a ve niwi hin h gove or genera ship o a abagh and h in e na r c u e o ha uni shabe uch ha he adm n s ra on of he moun ainou Ar enian ec o i composed oA me an wi h he r gh o m no ie gua an ee

In he mo n aino po ion of Ka abagh D za K achen anda and abe dadminis ra v f c a ha be nam d on h recommenda on of he A menian membe so he counc ee poin

5 A ix member counc o hr Armen a s and h ee M ms shacrea d n hegove o gen ra p o r bag

6 The Counci ' A m n an membe a o be cho en by he mb y of he A menianpopu a ion of Moun inou Ka abagh he assemb y ha he gh o ee ec ion

7 A nda en a q e io o an in e racia na ur canno be ac ed pon n ey havefi b en con de e by he co nc .

8. The counc h s he igh of ini i ive in ma ers r a ing o he arrangemen a d headm a ion of he gove or ge e a s ip

9 The co nci h he r gh o over ee and coun rba ance he adminis ra on of hgove no gene a h p bu wi hou he r gh o in fere n he ope a ionsof headm n s a ion

10.The pos o g ve o gen a s is an in civi a ai ha be ab ish d and anA menian m be appoin e o ha pos

The A menian s mb y ha p e en o he gove m n o A rba an wo cand da s

fo he pos ion o assan n civi affa one o whom w be conf med

he Armenians o Ka abagh ha en oy he igh o c u a au onomy

13 he gh o cu u a a onomy is o be ve ed in he Na ion Counc o Ka abaghA enians wh ch w b e ec d by he periodica y convened semb i o Karabagh

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A e s. e ass mb y is summo ed by he Na o a Counc

1 T gov r me t of e ba ja ric s a g a e t e act v t es o t eA e a Na o a C c h g A e a a s.

5 T e [ zerba an ] ga so s s astati n at a ke aS acet mes r g

16 A y a a mov me sa me o ces t e mo a o A me a - abs c or o e co t o S , Jeva a eb i sh llqu co se ot t of e i

7 No pe o may b sub e o ers c o e r yu c or x cu v p oc uo s po itic vi t

A Arme a w o ave b e co st a e to eave fo o ca r so s s arig t o to r omes

9 T isa mg o e Arm a a M m o u a o s a e s s e eabag i e que tio o Ka abag s so v y t e[Pa s) Peac Con er ce

20 T e gove me o t e Az rb a re ub ici to g ve ma e a an mora ass s a cto e o u a io o arabag o e ra res orat o oe ev state M s im aArm v ag s

2 For t e pose o m rov g i terrac a r at o s cou c sha spo o g e a oca A me a M m co g ses

22 e e ab o om o a s m ys e a ess B beca e a s a oma a a e sts ro g out Azer a a m e gs s a be aut orize a n s at o

c mes o r va a o c so s s a b prose u acco i g e e excep or t e o i sc mi a acts e c om he o ma u cia or

by t e b g s o o un 9 9o eC tt or Sta e De e s o tb ani e ub ic

2 No o s a bes u d or vi g tak a n aci c s es to tre t me.

25 ag eeme comes i o f ct m e mome o its acce a c by e S vAssemb y o a a ag A me a s26 s ag me s a rema i um L ei c g s ge wa area so or .

T e e ga s a o e by t e Seve Assemb y o arabagh a a t o z to co

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with the A rbaijani gov m nt th i al prov io al ag e t, which ha eeapproved by all b o th A ly, to le t the wo ca dida or he pos o

c il i a t to h p v sio a go or-g eral a d h t e o the o c ld a o g d h gov or-g n ra and to l a l t c ca q o s r la g to thadmi i tra io o Kara agh o h ba of th p ovi ona agr m n tha has e

c

(Repub ic of rm nia rch ve , F es9 and 6a)

4[20 No m 9 9

S e en de y N eg ek v nd Alex ndeKh n he P e M n e f A e n nd A ene pe velyf ll w ng p v e d n , n he nfle ween he w n e , C l J e C Rhe f he S

A y The d n we e f l wed y n g ee en gnedn 3 N ve e n l e e ng he n e n,he e n f h l e

M U ubb k W ha agre d tha a mi tary op ra io s m t topp db weha o y agr d o d ta . We w l d sc ss th e q stio h r a d cas we ano abl to ag w ask Yo [Col Rh a] o d cid th io Ihave p po d to heP sid n o A e a that A ia w thdraw a h r g lar t op o c r and lita yagent ow Z gez r tha no war at rial ha l t Za g r a l g e ,etc b withdraw , a d th p opl d sa m d; that h oa ad g into Zang r shall e

p ope or r c a d that re g a e to re edZ g r

M K a ian ag e a so that al ita y op a on hall top and that troop r aiin th t hat h y w wo w e s ago a d hat w d o r di r ces byCo r nce lo l Rh a to be the p re a y as w c n o r ach a d ci io

A nia h no reg a troops or armed oop a g u . Th people who a ar dth r , a the loca pop lation I wou d e mpo sib e o w thdr w h local pop atioo to t th ir a saway om th I co d no a ord r to t a dhav to y d Th r o e, i t r or m ot to i su an ord yw y t wo ld e adpo cy o i s e such an ord r a hi d to h xci d ta e n wh h h p op dth ms

h repa r a o o r ge w l r q r som and also this s ha d y thp ycholog cal o e q e on o g e w l have to t l d a a sp ia

e ence

gg t tha all r ad sho ld op d Wh th loc pop a io ls sa no gh to

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e their ad , hei Gove ment w g ve hem a ssis n e.

On the whole I d not s hat ther is ny g e t d sagre ment; here m y be a d ere ceo pi i n h osi g the psych gi momen s f i ance i he e were apending tt e r some sim ar i t nce h movemen shou d t be at empt d th sshou d be e t o he C erence

We h ve de ded to m t omorrow t e even o' ck o e h some gr emen nd we haveth de ided that here a e any p ints in disag emen we wi re er hem to Yo

M U ubb ko : I th that a ho gh the e m yb no disag me t on p r pointhe is some di er nce o opinion on de ai s o i t n e - he r aI hi the p op esho dbe orde ed open t e oa wh e M . Khat sian hihat sis n e o ysho d be give in pening he ad

M K a i ian I am espe a y nxio h t here sho d e o o der ng bo t asp r y in the one mus be ve y re u n this ega d.I do n t w sh too e anyone o r a h he order wo d no be exe ed

M U ubb ko :The ro e is ha a o deve o en ven and no one s tho c o e ce it On the othe h ndI h n the pop ati n o ang zur sh d oe ea ed s a sepa a e state They h ve no b iness eepi g T ey shou da en w y

M K a ian I do not n ide the Z ngezur dt c a sepa a e state Howeversong s his dis t is s ounded y hos esI an n t adv se them to disa . he

so the par o K b gh there h n s w h re very hos i e we m tve y

M U ubb ko Un e s we e p epa o o d nd en r e o de isions i is u e esm e dec sions c e the pop ation wi no w them

Mr K a ian that se i w d e s y to dis rm ot on y he one dis r the w o e o ze ba jan and A meni O he w se any orde wo d be n a r t one

pop at on o he o her

M U ubb ko : I have n hing a a g i t he univers d sae t o he vpop o

Co on a: Wo d the ge t eman b wi ing e ho is t esh ps?( ene a gh[ter]) r I n see Yo h ve greed n y one po n and hat

tha there sha e no mo e igh ing W d the gent emen i e ome he e t mor ow ae ev n o oc It is onven ent a dwi b here I am ve y m ch ob iged to egen emen nd g ad they h ve g en a they d d

M K i n: we h ve any disag eemen we wi e e t as rb ter t de ide hedisp ed poi sI se tion he p p ati n n menia ev ts the s a e sh d h ve

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the ght to pu d w that p s ng. Eve state shou d have th r ght to dea w th hepop a owi t ow bo de th w s a v lag A e a jan wh ch m taga s th Az ba a Gove men , they co ld no e exp to wa t for the P aceCo f r nce o ha d e the s at on

M U ubb ko We have ot many days left fo e h g n ral Co e ce d shal oa se th se po n s owq te agr e ha the should be a d aw b ween the wo

cases, hat s su ugat o of hos who evolt y adm nt at ve me s res and th o he sy m a y nd pu te me re a d they sho ld ot take p ace t the Pea en e nc dec e o fat .

M K ati ian I prefe ot o approach he quest o t form be au e t ouch hsover gnty o my s te and m ts power

M U ubb ko I th sam way I th hat t ere s a d also a quest o of hesovere gnty of A er a gar o the Z gezur d str cJ h n hat o m a o ceshou d e us fo s jugat o of he popu at on (Arme a d p oma a s he qu t oo m o t es )

M U ubb ko would mposs le to apply two d ff re es o the same s bj ct.The sho ld e one e fo oth pa e . For s a e N h cheva ; f the Armen anG ve me t had hough o s j ct g t A e a jan wo d ee f o declare war Iwo ld e to f d one p c pl o app y to oth pa es e ua y

Mr K a i ian: do not o j aga st h methodsI o ect aga st th p c pl . Whave a k d a o t a d st c whe we have o a tho y now the M n st r ra s hequ st on o sect ons of co ry wh ch a u der Arme a. hat A erba a wouldhave a per c r ght o p t dow he evo t I o ject to th q es o w h ference o

te a adm s at on

M U ubb ko Exa t y for h so was qu te to s d that he men anG ve men too ve much to hea h s Za ge ur a a r Wh n he Aze a aGove me t hough t bes to su j ga e th s d s he A me a Gove me t waq e eady to dec a e war abou t.

o o R a we ca se he Za gezur q st o all s al w ll be e essary ggest hat as Yo ar a t red a d hu g , that Yo con er aga tomorrow Othe

quest o s may be s ed and d sc s d late

M K a ian hav abou a do e qu t o s f general cha a e b t hese ca be thesub ect for the Co e e ce o co v e a e

o on Rh a f Yo ca s e he s at s o Za ge u a d dec de wha o h quest o sare to e dec d by he rep e ta ves ap ted by You You w ll hav accompl shedmuch

M K ati ian O he s w w l b he e a w e a d have co ta me gs w th he

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P ime M i e of e a jan, and hat s somet ng o the Co e ence o do.

M ubb k think hat e e ould e a gene ag eem a ou topp g m ao e a o swh ve hey may e eca e o in ance n h di c o Zang a if

e me houg a ey cou d ga e hi popu a ion y m i a y me e wewo d of co e on ide ou e ve ju t ed n uing an imat m

M K : You ake h t a d o t henJ a o hav dozen q e on oeame d We ave de n e n o a o hat in e N ha di r he e a e a o o

A eni who can o go ou o ei v age he A en an Gove en doe ointend o ave ny m i a y o e ation w b ti think tha ain ng om u e o em i a o ubj ga ce ain di c v o a es he ove g y of e a e

M U ub Ia e ue o o gene p i c to ap y no on y oA ,u o A e a an and do no ink he e i a y hing w ong a .

Co one a i o e g a g que ion wh cI think o gh e t to o un i omo owI t e me n me e ge em n make p h i mind a o whaq e on ey wan o d c

M U beko : Th s o g d g m nI we do not g o ce ta n o sw w l a k o oac Ar r.

[Repu ic o n a A ves F e No 3]

5[4 M h19 ]

Mem n m n he men n p l l n n K ghp e en e y h e E gh h em y K gh he

ep e en e he ll e P e n T n c nRepu l

I sSeven C n e e ce o15A gu 19 9 h G lA m y oh A en an o(Ka a ag had exam ned deta e o itica i o of e egio a d had e d eo n o a def ve nco po at on of o e ted egiono o ha a e depend on

ce Confe ence a d ha he efo i wa n to void e e e e d ng o

ooda d o e a a mod v ve di tween he wo peo ed e ng o poin o iew dac o dw hthe e nta ive o e gove nmen o

e aija e even C nfe e ce a o a ed a g a o of v o a nd and nge e en a e oh A m ia op op d h on he o his acco d e wo

p wo d ve good e a on wi ho t ha ng ea o h d a e Ta agov t wo d ea he wo o in a pi t of impa a i y and wo d u e e

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s al o d b obs d

Th E ghth A m n Con c ass mb d S oshun o t t ly ob ged toakt oll win p i obs a o : s nc t e co s n to t cco d to th pr s t,hegov t of A rb j h n b o org z nd br g ny or to K b gh

nd h s p o cedo ua r y. N v ra e apop t on b u e do suc m sd d e v ct m by so m y mu lt s m co om c pj cs s n s g ng o A m t n s d o rb t r ss d w n ss o

o e t

Assa s n a d o db d k ll fuJI d g t th p c h bi s w tho to t ng a y co m as s w t outi a bei gbo he d h

As r [ tar oldie ]p agA ,mass c m n e ch l rd m n pu sh d Th n b ta s o de oye v llag s w d to oth v lag s nd

w n v fot t to ke e ure h t w ll l ow th mb k nt ire

p c pa cl us s t tree e v ee v o d by h g v m nt oe b i l us h s hfo lowi o lat on " p s t mpor ry

a d s c pt y t p n tholu oo p l "How v thmpo gov o -g l K b g s t mb2 d t d Fe u2 d s d to th A m C c l K b g , st t o low ghe o

w re rdto st u o t cco d o s po t c l s t at o oKa a a Iu sth t yo i o d scuss t q s o o t d v co o t o o

Ka a h in o z b as s comi ly i p r bl p r dd hp ra o or- ro K h S v h cl y st oru top t t v s o Arm S c ym i wi m h P c Con r c

no ong sts a nd t ly i p l o g l t g eiow a a l lo eo r W mus ow o d th s b rm s t t o swor d c t cl ly S t ov doe no tt ch y v o h d c s o t P c

nc

I t a cl o d t s sta dT q ty of [A i roopor m K ke d w ll m d t p m l v ls

How v or s mon s cl o r sp c d Th s ngh mp gg i s Z g zu m y r g m s c m toK ke d S u h ya Ga ja B k Z k talp ovok g stro g motions mo g A iopulatio o K b gh oops r u i g m Z ng zurv killed 15

A men a p tsa d2 t ch M ika j .

s th est s Al m v m o tr ps n Mo t o sK e io[Di t o Shus Jev nsh a r il] a i d A n ns o kpw tho t g m t o /3 t m mb o i Co c ' h su h sb t lly v edrom Oc ob r o p s n O o ze ija

r p d2 00 so d r Za r hr g As K e d ndS u o 1y co s t t o wi h a ye er o e e C c l

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e E g hCo gre of A me a s iKa a ag ex m n ng ep ese t s t o o heou d cog z n o t e above-me io ed a s, adopte e ollow g e olut o :

RESOLUON

Co de i g a the gove e t o e ba ja ha o t uo ly v o at d he moes l au of e em o y a o

T a o 2 Fe a y 9 0K a ke d A ke a a d o he Sh s -Ev akh outemanyh d ds a e b m sacr d by e op and age t o Aze a a

h he A me ianq a te a e d have p ll g

Add es t ve e e t o e to he l zed wo ldaga st hese bomi abe

e ts a eo t ua o o la mi deed will ob ga e the A me a oKaraba ho ke e e a yea to de e dt e r v ad h ir ho o

Ex o at e ame im tarpe an o A e ba a to jo e p o o o e oA me n

Cop e o e olu o ave ee o a ded o Co o elH ke lthe ep e e ta v oPow i a caucas a o the D p omati a d M l y voys of t e All es o

he go e me t of he F e ep iof a a a a well the empo a yG v o -Ge e a of Ka a g

[Repu o A e a ve e No9]

[16 Ap 92 ]

cerp c n en ep rmen p m c en y r n M n er F re gn r n r c e n

K r gh.

M ) (o F[og ]A a ]Rep b oA me aP al ip o at M o o a a

16 Ap l19 0No 665

W ga d to t e eve i a a ag od ywe do o ha e o ial o at o

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f om more or Jess e ab e A men an sour es Le ter at o r disposal e eived f om t rso d e s o vo n ee , who we e here o a i pa ed in the c ashes, shed on de ab e

ig on e even s in e ba j andthe o e oc ies comm ed y e e b ij niso d e s. T e ette s a e ad essed to t ei re a i and ami y mem e s; a ho g w enin on se or in orma anguage ese e e s d s ibehe m ssac and oot g tak ngp a e n S s and eig o ng v agesIn t ose e er a a s a on e mo edemons ra ing ey anno d s ingu sh between a med f g e and medd fense ess women i dren nd t e e der y When hey do no su eed n dest oyinga ed oo s o nge owe hey ke e eveng upon pea ei i ensub ec ing em o a a ma s c es u ng e o ses a d oo ng e be ong ng

[ . . . ]

Dip oma i Re rese tative (S gna r )Sec a

[ e b} o A me a A h ves F e No]

( M 920]

Res n p sse y em ns s n M y y 20henhe g e nmen men h us ece e n m m

m e n e K gh n Z nge men nps h n h ee ys

We ex ress o u mos out age ga e ex ione who e p oi e ame of he an s and worker and n e n me o Soviet au ho i ies d Comm nism,

con nue e b oody am ign o the fo me g me e o ers o A men a e end h ib o e yhand o t e worker of ze b i n and dem nd n e d o e edi ions agaKa a ag nd Z ngez t ey a so d mand t t t e pe s nt y nd e ar a of hose

rovin es ow d o x ess e wi e abo e of Armeni t e Sov etau ho ities o ussia w no o e a e he agg e s ve o i y o e ai awo e so A eni so dema d r m t e gove ment atit de end A me ia n e i e y and

e dom of e A meni ro e a ia and e ommend ha t s,eso on o heedera ion of wo ke s' unio s, be comm a d o t e o e i o a ons nd o he

so i s au es of European pa iamen s

Simon Vra zi Repubhc p ]

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18[5 gust 920]

D sc ss w T B m s y G S R ss L mh c py

c p y B .

5 A g#373

T e Mi s e o F ign A aiR public of Arme ia

[ ... ]

Leg an s at a ] re a e no h orc in Nak c ev wit w om t e R sjaed A myo ave cons ( o a p oac Armenia] I s e, [ e sa d) a avea ea y wi key, bu t e p pose o at ea yto a sistT ey w ic is

now i pi d by e idea o a na ional naissance of li ng a idea and f ing im untenab impe a ist e.i en possib e, e e ic but be iev

qui e since ely a Armenia as s c a bad o n on o Sovie R ssia t a t e coul sign a rea y wi h rk aga t A menia? a s m ossib e We a e

e nd we wi l h p hem geo e En en e occ ation b not in eig aga s A menians On e co t a , we ave spo en o Kemal and he s i

a emen t a al conc ss on s o d be made o e A m a on the s ie o , acce ing s wed he ex stence of an inde endent andA me ia Bu

w en ed L a "since yo accep ou indep ndenc w yi i a yo a ot eadyo sign an ag me o a eff c and a e os poning iss e e answeyo

sow s am eady o sign such an ag ment g now b don' yo ali two 'be a a i cac We w o c ea e s ch condi io s a ew cr ds a s cou d ive wi o dispu s a wa s so a th y can beg n p s o deve opmen Don yo reali e a i we signed suc a c atory s a ement wclea g mos c c al d s u betwe n youan bai an omo ow o h n x dayyo wi l be in co ict ag n?nally o Aze ba an and you ince e iend SovieR ss a wilb obl ga ed to inter ene a ain a pose i mo e a o ia e teven i we ca o de inea e he de t on i s now we dete mine and men oag men o e p nci l s o h b is of w ich yo diswi be so vedin e

ur w ho o ing o a s

[ . )

T e ollowi g sta emen wealso nter s ng n yes e day's d sc ssion;m noal og e i fo me on he is o Z ge r a d a abag L g an said Na ic evan m s be yo even wi s o a ion t at isc e to me and itsee o me a n cessi y o you s ate oo H 's s ill s a ng osi

b ic o Arme a Arc iv s No 67]

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III. SOVIE I ION

y i 1920 t e me i ofK b g evo ted g st ei e b ij i u e i time t e A me i Repub icse t d d sc e w b oke o t ove K b gbetwee me d A e b ij . ec use o t e w dbec useo t e f ct t t A i t oops we e i d up iK b gt e Red A my w s b e e y e s y to mo e i to

e b ij d Ap i 1920 o ke o e t e city o ku.T isope tio w s e ded y An s s M koy d eGeo g commu st Se go O d o okid e.

At t e e d o Novem e 920t e o s eviks beg t eimo e g i st e Repub c of me i w ic wt e te edf om t e st by t e Red A my d om t e westby t e N tio ist u ks O ecembe 1 o e d y befo eA me i bec me So ie Repub ic t e ku So ie iA e b ij issued dec tio i w c i ou ced tK b g ,N k ic e d Z ge u we e to be p t o t eA me i Repu ic. t dec tio w s m de p b cp oc med d w it e up P d o ess pe so i y t St i mse c ed t is isto ic ct ofwo ds g ic ce. owe e , by t e sp i g d summe ot e fo ow g ye , K b g d N k ic ev we e o ce

g i p t o t e So ie e b j i Repub ico ewo ds, t is dec ee suppo ted by t e ce So ietgove me t d uded by St i w s eve put i to e ect.

e c usio o Nk ic e wit i e So ie e b ijepu ic w s c i med by t e ies etwee Sovie Rus ispe ki gfo t e C uc si epu cs d key. et e i of Moscow d K s ig ed espective y i M c

dOctobe 1921 so e b j wi co t o oveMou ous K g

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[ Dece e 9 ]

T gr m nt by th S t Az rb n g rnm nt t thArm n n p b c r g rd ng th d c n t c d A m n nt rr t r Th d c n w r t r d t rm n th B k S v t nd w t r pr nt d n r n w p p r .

of to ay e borde djsp es be ween A me a and erba a a clar d solveMo tai o s Ka abagh, Za g u and Na c e an a e co s ere pa o e So eRep l c o A me a

C ai man of A erb a 's Revkom [Revo onary Comm ee] N Na m ovCom ss o e o Fo gH e o

Decembe 2 1920 o 2)

20m 19

S m n Vr tz n th t pr m m n t r th R p b c Arm n n th Az rb n d c n c d ng K r b gh

kh ch n nd ng z r Arm n .

O December f w en Arme a ad o ye bee so ie zed e o ma se s o of eBa u So e oo pon ssue of e "So e za o o Arme ia O dz o o dze emil a commissa o e ar y o a ed: m ades w e d be d ff cu o fa more a c ous ga e g a To ay is e k ro e awelcome e b r of e So e A e a R ub c "

A e same m e ng e pres de of e R vol ona omm ee of Aze bai aar man Na a o rea ou dec ara o of e Re o Revo u o a y omm e

w c was s a ed So e A e bai a s grac ously cedg Moun a ous a a agZange r a d Nak c e a o b o erl Arm a

o O z o o idze s oo w s a occas o fo g o a o y " m a es e a pea anceo C mra Nar m o a s m ng s ery dear e ea o s decla a o

am s o angezu a c a a d Ka abag a al en o R ss an ears ge ur a lb

karabagh file: documents and factsonthe region of mountainous karabagh1 9 1 8 - 1 988

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