onhandschools.wikispaces.comk-8+m… · web view– a word used between numbers that means to...

Grade K

Above – higher than

Add - to put two or more things together

After – behind; happening later

Before – in front of; happening earlier

Behind – in back of

Below – lower than

Beside – next to

Between – in the middle of

Capacity – the amount that a container can hold

Cent – one of 100 equal parts of a U.S. dollar; a value of money

Cent Symbol – the mark for the word “cent” or “cents” - ₵

Circle – a shape with a perfectly round curved edge

Column – an arrangement of items from top to bottom or bottom to top

Cone – a solid shape with a circle on one end that connects to a point at the other end

Count – to say numbers in a given pattern

Cube – a solid shape with six equal square faces

Cylinder – a solid shape with equal circles on each end

Divide – to separate into equal groups

Doubles – two of the same number

Equal – exactly the same; having the same value

Equal parts – sections of a whole that are exactly the same size

Estimate – to make a good guess about value or measurement with given information

Even Number – every number that can be divide into groups of two without having one left over; every number ending in 0, 2 ,4, 6, or 8

Face – a flat side of a solid shape

Fewest – the smallest number of items

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Fifth – the ordinal number that tells the number five place

First – the ordinal number that tells the one before all the others

Flip – to turn over a figure from front to back or back to front

Fourth – the ordinal number that tells the number four place; (also see one fourth)

Graph – a chart showing information using symbols, points, bars, or lines

Greater – more

Greater Than – more than

Greatest – more than all the others

Heaviest – weighing more than all the others

Height – the distance from top to bottom or bottom to top

Hour – a measure of time equal to 60 minutes

In back of – behind

In front of – ahead of

Inch – a small unit to measure length; in.

Inside – the place between the edges of a figure; the opposite of outside

Large – big

Largest – bigger or more than all the others

Last – at the end

Least – less than all the others

Left – a direction; the opposite of right; a word used in subtraction problems to show what remains

Length – the distance from one end to the other end

Less – not as many

Less Likely – less than an equal chance that something will happen

Less Than – not as many as; smaller than

Likely – probably will happen

Line Segment – a straight path usually marked with two endpoints

Longer – having more length

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Longest – having more length than all the others

Matching Sets – groups of things that have exactly the same number

Matrix – an arrangement of items both left to right and up and down, usually showing shape, size, and color

Measure – to find the length, weight, height, temperature, capacity, time, and so on, using tools

Medium – a size that is between small and large

More – a larger amount; greater

Most – the largest amount; greater than all the others

Number – one or more digits showing an amount

Odd Number – every number that has one left over after being divided into groups of two; every number ending in 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9

One Cup – a small unit to measure liquids and/or dry things

One Fourth – one of four equal parts; ¼

One Half – one of two equal parts; ½

On Top Of – p0laced on the highest point of

Outside – the place not between the edges; opposite of inside

Over – above

Parallelogram – a shape with four straight sides that has two pairs of parallel lines

Pattern –a repeating arrangement of something

Pictograph – a way of showing information using pictures or symbols

Quart – a unit used to measure liquids; qt.

Rectangle – a shape with four straight sides and four square corners

Right – a direction; the opposite of left

Second – the ordinal number the tells the number two place; a short measure of time

Shorter – having less length or height

Shortest – having the least length or height of all

Slide – to move a shape from one place to another on a flat surface without turning it

Small – little

Smallest – having the least size of 39

Sort – to separate items into groups based on something they have in common

Sphere – a round solid shape like a basketball or globe

Square – a shape with four straight, equal sides and four square corners; a special kind of rectangle

Sum – the answer to an addition problem

Symmetrical – having an imaginary line so that the parts on both sides are alike

Taller – having more height

Tallest – having more height than all the others

Third – the ordinal number that tells the number three place

Time – a period in which something happens

Total – complete; altogether

Triangle – a shape with three straight sides and three angles

Turn – to move a shape around a point; to rotate a shape

Under – beneath

Unlikely – probably will not happen

Weight – how heavy something is

Whole – all parts together; complete

Width – a measure from side to side

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Grade 1

Addition – an operation that combines two or more addends to find the sum

Afternoon – the time of day between noon and evening

Angle – the figure formed by two rays extending from a common endpoint

Area – the number of square units needed to cover a surface: area = length x width

Associative Property of Addition – the property that states that changing the grouping of the addends does not affect the sum

Balance – a scale used to determine which of the two objects weighs more

Bar Graph – a graph that displays data using parallel rectangles, or bars, whose lengths are proportional to the quantities they represent

Calculator – a tool used to quickly work math problems

Calendar – a chart that shows the month, day, year, and day of the week


Cent –one of 100 equal parts of a U.S. dollar; a value of money

Cent Symbol – the symbol for the word “cent” or “cents” – ₵

Center – the point that is equidistant from all points on the border of a circle or sphere; the middle

Centimeter – a small metric unit used to measure length; cm.

Certain – absolutely sure to happen

Chart – an organized display of information

Circle – a closed plane figure with a curved edge, the center of which is equidistant from every point on the edge

Clock – a tool that shows and measures time by hands moving on a dial; a digital clock is a tool that shows and measures time using digits instead of hands

Coin – a piece of metal with a specific value used as money

Column – a vertical arrangement of items

Commutative Property of Addition – the property that state that changing the order of the addends does not affect the sum

Compare – to examine the likenesses and differences of objects; to determine which number is greater or whether the numbers are equal

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Comparison Symbols – symbols that show whether a number is greater than (˃), less than (˂), or equal to (=) another number

Cone – a geometric solid bounded by a circular base and the surface formed by line segments joining all points on the edge of the circular base to one common vertex

Congruent – having the same size and shape

Corner – the point where lines, edges, or sides meet

Count Backward – to count down by subtracting

Count On – to count by adding one each time

Cube – a geometric solid with six congruent square faces

Cylinder – a geometric solid bounded by congruent circular bases and the surface formed by parallel line segments joining all points on the edges of the one base to the edges of the other base

Date – the month, day, and year

Day – the time between sunrise and sunset; the 24-hour time period from one midnight to the next; the word corresponding to the day of the week (Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday); the number corresponding to the day of the month

Decimal Point – the point that separates the dollars from the cents when writing an amount of money; the point that separates the whole number from the decimal part of a number; the point that separates the ones’ place from the tenths’ place

Degree – a unit used to measure temperature; °

Difference – the answer to a subtraction problem

Digit – any of the symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 used to write numbers

Digital – using digits

Digital Time – the time shown on a clock using digits instead of using a dial and hands

Dime – a U.S. Coin worth 10 cents

Distance – the length of space between two points


Dollar – the basic unit in the U.S. money system that is equal to 100 cents

Dollar Sign – the symbol for the word “dollar” or “dollars - $


Doubles Facts – addition facts in which the two addends are the same number

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Dozen – a set of twelve

Edge- the line segment where two faces of a geometric solid intersect; the border of a closed figure

Eighths – eight equal parts that combine to make one whole

Endpoint – a point at the beginning or the end of a line segment

Equal Groups – sets of objects having the same number or value; a way of talking about multiplication and division

Equal Parts – parts that are exactly the same size

Equal Pieces – Pieces that are exactly the same

Equals Sign – the symbol that shows that two quantities have the same value - =

Estimate – to approximate, or guess, the value or measurement based on given information

Even – every number divisible by 2; every number ending in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8

Evening – a time of day between late afternoon and sunset

Face – a flat surface of a geometric solid

Fact Family – a group of addition facts and subtraction facts that all use the same three numbers; a group of multiplication facts and division facts that all use the same three numbers

Fahrenheit – a scale for measuring temperature named for Gabriel Fahrenheit; on the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is 32 degrees and the boiling point of water is 212 degrees

Fifth – the ordinal number that tells the number five position

First – the ordinal number that tells which one is before all the others

Flip – to turn over a figure from front to back or from back to front along a fixed line or point; reflect

Foot – a U.S. Customary System unit used to measure length, height, or distance; ft.

Fourth – the ordinal number that tells the number four position; (also see one fourth)

Gallon – a U.S. Customary System unit used to measure liquids; gal.

Geoband – a rubber band used to make geometric shapes on a geoboard

Geoboard – a board used to make geometric shapes by placing rubber bands over pegs

Geometric Solid – a three-dimensional object (e.g., sphere, cone, cylinder, cube, pyramid)

Gram – a small metric unit used to measure weight or mass; g

Graph – a chart that displays one variable in relation to another variable using symbols, points, bars, or lines


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Half – one of two equal parts; (also see one half)

Half Dozen – a set of six

Half Hour – 30 minutes

Half Past – 30 minutes after the hour

Height – a vertical distance

Hexagon – a six-sided figure

Hour – 60 minutes

Hour Hand - the short hand on the clock that tells what hour it is

Impossible – cannot happen

Inch – a small U.S. Customary System unit used to measure length, height, or distance; in.


Less Than – not as many as


Line – a straight path extending in both directions without end; a line is marked with an arrowhead at each end

Line of Symmetry – an imaginary line that divides a figure into two identical sides

Line Segment – a straight line usually marked with two endpoints

Liter – a metric unit used to measure capacity; l

Mathematician – one who studies the science of numbers and their operations

Measure – to determine the length, weight, height, temperature, capacity, time, or other quantifiable characteristic

Minus – a word used between numbers that means to subtract the second number from the first number

Minus Sign – the symbol for subtraction; sometimes used to indicate a negative quantity

Minute – a unit used to measure time; min

Minute Hand –the long hand on the clock that tells the number of minutes before and after the hour

Month – the period of time equal to about four weeks or 30-31 days; January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

Morning – the time of day between sunrise and noon

Multiples of 10 – the numbers obtained by multiplying 10 by every counting number

Nickel – a U.S. coin worth five cents of 39

Night – the time of day between sunset and sunrise when it is dark outside

Number – one or more digits representing an amount

Number Line – a line that continues in both directions without end and is marked with numbers in order from least to greatest

Number Sentence – a sentence that uses numbers and symbols but not words

O’clock – as shown on the clock

Odd – every number not divisible by 2; every number ending in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9

One fourth – ¼; one of four equal parts

One half – ½; one of two equal parts

One sixth – ⅙; one of six equal parts

One third – ⅓; one of three equal parts

Order – to place things in a specific way, often from least to greatest

Ordinal – describing a position or an order

Ordinal Number – a number that describes position or order

Pair – two items that are usually together, such as shoes and glovet

Parallelogram – a four-sided figure with two pairs of parallel sides

Pattern – a repeating arrangement of something

Penny – a U.S. coin worth one cent

Pentagon – a five-sided figure

Pictograph – a graph that uses pictures or symbols to display information

Place Value – the value of a digit based on its position within a number

Plus Sign – the symbol for addition; sometimes used to indicate a positive quantity - +

Polygon – a closed, flat figure bounded by line segments

Pound – a U.S. Customary System unit used to measure weight (mass); lb.

Property – a rule that is true for all numbers in a set

Quarter – a U.S. coin worth 25 cents; one fourth

Rectangle – a four sided figure with four right angles

Rectangular Prism – a geometric solid with six rectangular faces of 39

Repeating Pattern – an arrangement of items in a specific order over and over such that the next item can be predicted

Right – a direction; the opposite of left; correct

Rounding – changing a number to show the nearest ten, hundred, and so on

Row – a horizontal arrangement of items

Ruler – a tool with a straight edge that is used to measure length

Second – the ordinal number that tells the number two position; a short measure of time

Set – a collection of items

Shape – a closed form or outline

Side – a flat edge of a shape; a flat surface of an object

Single-Digit Number – a number that has only on digit

Sixth – the ordinal number that tells the number six position; (also see one sixth)

Size – the magnitude of an object relative to another

Slide – to transform a shape by moving it from one place to another on a flat surface without turning it from one place to another on a flat surface without turning it; translate

Solid – a three-dimensional object

Some, Some more – a story problem that has an addition pattern

Some, some went away – a story problem that has a subtraction pattern

Sort – to separate items into groups based on a common attribute

Sphere – a geometric solid bounded by all points that are given distance from the center point

Square – a rectangle with all sides of equal length; a four-sided figure with all sides of equal length and four right angles

Story problem – a math problem that is written as a story

Subtract – to count backwards; take away

Subtraction – an operation that deducts the value of one number from the value of another to find the difference

Sum – the answer to and addition problem

Symbol – a sign that represents a number or word

Symmetrical – having an imaginary line such that all corresponding parts on either side of the line are identical

Take away – subtract

Tally – to keep track while counting by writing small vertical and oblique marks of 39

Temperature – the measurement by degree of hot or cold something is

Tenths – ten equal parts that combine to make one whole

Thermometer – a tool used to measure temperature

Third – the ordinal number that tells the number three position; (also see one third)

Trapezoid – a four sided figure with one pair of parallel sides

Triangle – a figure with three sides

Turn – to rotate a shape around a fixed point

Week – seven consecutive days; (also see day)

Weight – the measure of how heavy something is

Year – the time period of about 365 days required for the earth to revolve once around the sun

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Grade 2

Acute Angle – an angle that is smaller than a right angle

Addend – one of the numbers being combined in an addition problem to form the sum

Addition – an operation that combines two or more addends to find the sum

Angle – the figure formed by two rays extending from a common endpoint

Area – the number of square units needed to cover a surface

Array – an orderly arrangement of objects in the shape of a rectangle; a carton of eggs is an example of an array

Associative Property of Addition – the property that states that changing the grouping of the addends does not affect the sum

Bar Graph – a graph that shows information using parallel rows or columns


Celsius – a scale for measuring temperature named for Anders Celsius; on the Celsius scale, the freezing point of water is 100 degrees

Cent symbol – the symbol for the word “cent” or “cents”

Centimeter – a small metric unit used to measure length; cm.

Certain – absolutely sure to happen

Change – the money you get back after paying for something

Circle – a shape with a perfectly round curved edge

Commutative Property of Addition – the rule that states that changing the order of the addends does not affect the sum

Commutative Property of Multiplication – the rule that states that changing the order of factors does not affect the product

Comparison Symbols – symbols that show whether a number is greater than (˃), less than (˂), or equal to (=) another number

Cone – a geometric solid with a circle on one end that connects to a point at the other end

Congruent – having the same size and shape

Coordinate Graph – a diagram containing intersecting perpendicular lines on which points are identified by pairs of numbers

Coordinates – the numbers that show the location of a point on a coordinate graph

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Cube – a geometric solid with six congruent square faces

Cup – a U.S. Customary System unit used to measure capacity; c

Cylinder – a geometric solid with congruent circles on each end

Data – information

Date – the month, day and year

Decimal Point – the symbol that separates the dollars from the cents when writing an amount of money; the symbol that separates the whole number from the decimal part of a number; the symbol that separates the ones’ place from the tenths’ place

Decrease – to become smaller; to count backward

Degree – a unit used to measure temperature or angles

Denominator – the bottom number in a fraction; shows how many parts in all

Difference – the answer to a subtraction problem

Digit – any of the symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 used to write numbers

Digital Time – the time shown on a clock using digits instead of using a dial and hands


Division – an operation to separate a number of objects into equal groups

Dollar Sign – the symbol for an amount of U.S. money equal to 100 cents


Dozen – a set of twelve

Edge – the line segment where two faces of a geometric solid meet; one side of a closed figure

Eighth – the ordinal number that tells the number eight position; (also see one eighth)

Eleventh – the ordinal number that tells the number eleven position

Endpoint – the point at the beginning or the end of a line segment

Equal – exactly the same; having the same value

Equal Chance – equal probability that something will or will not happen

Equal Groups – sets of objects having the same number or value; a way of talking about multiplication and division

Equal Parts – sections of a whole that are exactly the same size

Equal To – having the same value

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Estimate – to make a good guess about value or measurement based on given information

Even – every number divisible by 2; every number ending 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8

Expanded Form – a way of showing a number by showing the value for each digit

Face – a flat surface of a geometric solid

Fact Family – a group of addition facts and subtraction facts that all use the same three numbers; a group of multiplication facts and division facts that all use the same three numbers

Factors – the number that are multiplied in a multiplication problem

Fahrenheit – a scale for measuring temperature name for Gabriel Fahrenheit; on the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is 32 degrees and the boiling point of water is 212 degrees

Feet – more than one foot; (also see foot)

Fewer – not as many

Fewest – the least number of all

Fifth – the ordinal number that tells the number five position

First – the ordinal number that tells which one is before all the others

Flip – to turn over a figure from front to back or back to front

Foot – a U.S. Customary System unit used to measure length, height or distance; ft.

Fourth – the ordinal number that tells the number four position; (also see one fourth)

Fraction – a number that tells the number of parts (numerator) of a whole (denominator)

Full – completely filled

Gallon – a U.S. customary system unit used to measure liquids; gal

Geometric Solid – an object with three dimensions: length, height, and depth; example are cube, cone, and pyramid

Gram – a small metric unit used to measure weight; g

Graph – a chart that shows information using symbols, points, bars, or lines

Greater – more


Greatest – more than all the others

Half – one of two equal parts; (also see one half)

Half Dozen – a set of six

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Half Hour – a measurement of time equal to 30 minutes; one half of an hour

Half Inch – one half of an inch

Half Past – a way of saying 30 minutes after the hour when telling time

Halves – two equal parts that make one whole; the plural of “half”

Heaviest – weighing more than all the others

Height – the distance from top to bottom or bottom to top

Hexagon – shape with six straight sides and six angles

Horizontal – a path that goes from left to right; from the word horizon, the line where the earth and sky meet

Hour – a measurement of time equal to 60 minutes

Hour Hand – the shorter hand on the clock that shows the hour

Impossible – cannot happen

Inch – a small U.S. Customary System unit used to measure length, height, or distance; in

Intersect – to cross

Kilogram – a metric unit used to measure weight or mass; kg

Largest – greater or more than all the others

Last – at the end

Least – less than all the others

Left – a direction; the opposite of right; a word used in subtraction problems to show what remains


Less – not as many

Less Likely – less than an equal chance that something will happen

Less Than – not as many as

Lightest – having less weight than all the others

Likelihood of Events – how probable it is that something will happen


Line of Symmetry – an imaginary line that divides a figure into two identical sides

Line Segment – a straight path usually marked with two endpoints

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Liter – a metric unit used to measure capacity; l

Longer – having more length

Mass – the amount of matter in an object found by using a scale; weight

Median – the middle number in a list of numbers arranged in order from least to greatest

Metric – a system of measurement based on tens (decimals)

Metric Units – units of measure based on tens (decimals)

Minus – a word used between numbers that means to subtract the second number from the first number

Minute – a unit used to measure time; min

Minute Hand – the longer hand on a clock that shows the number of minutes before and after the hour

Mixed Number – a number that contains both a whole number and a fraction

Mode – the number that occurs most often on the list

Month – the period of time equal to about four weeks or 30-31 days; January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

More likely – more than an equal chance that something will happen

Most – the largest amount; greater than all the others

Multiples – numbers that are the products of multiplying a number by 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on

Multiplication – an operation to combine equal groups

Multiplication Table - a chart that shows the multiplication facts

Nickel – a U.S. coin worth five cents

Ninth – the ordinal number that tells the number nine position

Number – one or more digits showing an amount

Number Line – a straight path marked with numbers at equal spaces and arrows at each end

Oblique – a straight path that is slanted; a line neither horizontal nor vertical

Obtuse Angle – and angle that is larger than a right angle

O’clock – of or by the clock; used when the longer hand points 12

Odd – every number not divisible by 2; every number ending in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9

One Eighth – ⅛; one of eight equal parts

One Fourth – ¼; one of four equal parts of 39

One Half – ½; one of two equal parts

One Sixth – ⅙; one of six equal parts

One Third – ⅓; one of three equal parts

Ordinal Number – a number that describes position or order

Origin – the point of intersection of the horizontal and vertical number lines on a coordinate plane

Pair – two items that are usually together such as shows or gloves

Parallel – lines that do not cross and are always the same distance apart

Parallelogram – a shape with four straight sides that has two pairs of parallel lines

Perimeter – the distance around a shape

Perpendicular – lines that intersect to form right angles

Pictograph – a way of showing information using pictures or symbols

Plus – a word used between numbers that means to add the numbers together

Polygon – a closed, flat figure bounded by line segments

Pound – a U.S. Customary System unit used to measure weight (mass); lb

Prediction – a guess based on given information that something might or might not happen

Probability – how likely it is that something will happen

Product – the answer in a multiplication problem

Pyramid – a geometric solid with a polygon base connected to at least three triangular faces that have a common point, or vertex

Quart – a U.S. Customary System unit used to measure capacity; qt

Quarter – a U.S. coin worth 25 cents; one fourth

Quarter Hour – a measurement of time equal to 15 minutes; one fourth of an hour

Range – the difference between the least and the greatest number in a set

Rectangle – a shape with four straight sides and four right angles

Rectangular Prism – a geometric solid with six rectangular faces

Reflection - a way to transform or move a shape by flipping it from front to back or from back to front

Remainder – the part left after dividing a group of items into equal groups; R

Repeating Pattern – an arrangement of items that is shown over and over of 39

Right – a direction; opposite of left; correct

Right Angle – an angle that measures 90 degrees; square corner

Right Triangle – a triangle with a right angle

Rotation – a way to transform or move a shape by turning it around a fixed point

Round – to change a number to show the nearest ten, hundred, and so on

Rounding – changing a number to show the nearest ten, hundred, and so on

Row – a horizontal arrangement of items

Second – the ordinal number that tells the number two position

Seventh – the ordinal number that tells the number seven position

Shape – a closed form or outline

Shorter – having less length or height

Side – a straight edge of a shape; a flat surface of an object

Sixth – the ordinal number that tells the number six position; (also see one sixth)

Size – a measurement of how large or small something is

Slide – to transform a shape by moving it from one place to another on a flat surface without turning it; translate

Smallest – having the least size s

Sort – to separate items into groups based on something they have in common

Sphere – a geometric solid that is shaped like a globe or ball

Square – a shape with four sides, all equal in length, and four right angles

Subtract – to count backward; take away

Subtraction – an operation that takes one number away from another to find the difference

Sum – the answer to an addition problem

Survey – to collect information by asking a group of people questions that have answer choices

Symmetrical - having two identical sides that can be divided by an imaginary line

Tally – to keep track while counting by writing small vertical and oblique marks

Temperature – the measurement by degree of how hot or cold something is

Tenth – the ordinal number that tells the number ten position

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Thermometer – a tool used to measure temperature

Third – the ordinal number that tells the number three position; (also see one third)

Translation – a way to transform or move a shape by sliding it to a different place

Trapezoid – a shape with four sides and only one pair of parallel sides

Triangle – a shape with three sides and three angles

Turn – to rotate a shape around a fixed point

Twelfth – the ordinal number the tells the number twelve position

Unlikely – probably will not happen

Venn Diagram – a drawing of two or more intersecting circles that shows what the sets have in common

Vertex – a point or corner of a polygon or geometric solid

Vertical – a path that goes up and down

Weekday – Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday

Weekend – Saturday or Sunday

Weight – the measure of how heavy something is

Whole – all parts together; complete

Yard – a U.S. Customary System unit used to measure length, height, and distance; yd

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Grade 3

Acute Angle – an angle with a measure less than 90 degrees

Addend – any number that is being added

Analog Time – time displayed on a timepiece with hour and minute hands

Angle – formed by two lines or line segments that meet or cross each other

A.M – the hours between midnight and noon

Area – the measure, in square units, of the inside of a plane figure

Array – a rectangular arrangement of objects in equal rows or columns

Bar Graph – a graph that uses bars of different heights to compare information

Base – the top or bottom of a three-dimensional figure

Capacity – the measure that tells how much liquid a container can hold

Circle – a round two-dimensional figure

Combination – a group of items. Placing these items in a different does not create a new combination

Cone – a solid figure that has a circular base and one vertex

Congruent – having the same size and shape. Congruent angles have the same measure. Congruent segments have the same length

Cube – a rectangular solid having 6 congruent square faces

Customary System – the measurement used in the United States. Its basic units are the foot, gallon, and pound

Cylinder – a three-dimensional figure with two circular bases, which are parallel and congruent

Digit – one of the ten numbers, 0 through 9. A digit can be any of these numerals: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.

Edge – the line segment where two faces of a solid figure meet

Equal To (=) – shows that two values are the same. For example, 10 = 10

Equation – a statement that to mathematical expressions are equal

Equivalent – having the same value

Estimate – an answer that is close to, but not equal to, an exact answer

Even Number - a number that ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8

Expression – a variable, or any combination of numbers, variables, and symbols the represents a mathematical relationship. For example: 24 X 2 + 5 or 4a – 9

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Face – a plane figure that serves as one side of a solid figure

Fact Family – a set of related addition and subtraction, or multiplication and division equations using the same numbers. For example, 6+9 = 15, 15-9= 6, 9+6= 15, 15-6= 9

Factor – a whole number that divides evenly into another whole number. For example, 1, 3, 5, and 15 are factors of 15

Fraction – a number that names a part of a whole or part of a set

Function – a relation in which every input value has a unique output value

Graph – drawing that uses lines, points, pictures, or bars to show information

Greater Than ( ˃ ) – shows that one value is more than another value. For example, 10 ˃ 5

Hexagon – a polygon with 6 sides

Inequality – a mathematical sentence that contains a symbol that shows the terms on either side of the symbol are unequal. For example, 3+4 ˃ 6

Length – the distance between two points or objects. It also refers to the longer side of a rectangle

Less Than ( ˂ ) – shows that one value is less than another value. For example, 5 ˂ 10

Line – a straight path extending in both directions with no endpoints

Line of Symmetry – a line that divides a figure into two halves that are mirror images of each other

Line Segment – a part of a line with two endpoints

Mean (average) – the number found by dividing the sum of a set of numbers by the number of addends

Median – the middle number in an ordered set of data, or the average of the two middle numbers when the set has two middle numbers

Metric System – the measurement system that is based on units of 10. Its basic units are the meter, liter, and gram

Mode – the number(s) that occurs most often in a set of data

Multiples – the product of a given whole number and another whole number. For example, multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16…

Number Line – a line that shows the order of numbers

Number Sentence – an equation or inequality with numbers

Obtuse Angle – an angle with a measure more than 90 degrees

Octagon – a polygon with 8 sides

Odd Numbers – a number that ends in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9

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Ordered Pair – a pair of numbers used to locate a point on a coordinate grid. The first number tells how far to move horizontally, and the second number tells how far to move vertically.

Parallel Lines – lines that never intersect and are always the same distance apart

Parallelogram – a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel and congruent

Pattern – a relationship between a set of numbers or shapes

Pentagon – a polygon with 5 sides

Perimeter – the distance around a figure

Perpendicular Lines – two lines, segments or rays that intersect to form right angles

Pictograph – a graph that uses pictures to show and compare information

P.M. – the hours between noon and midnight

Place Value – the value indicated by the position of a digit in a number

Place Value Chart – a chart used to show the values of the digits in a number

Pyramid – a solid figure with a polygon base and triangular that met at a single point (vertex)

Quadrilateral – a polygon with 4 sides

Ray – a part of a line that has one endpoint and continues without end in one direction

Rectangle – a two-dimensional figure with 4 sides and 4 square corners

Rectangular Prism – a solid figure in which all 6 faces are rectangles

Reflection (flip) – a transformation that produces the mirror image of a figure

Repeated Addition – adding the same number over and over

Rhombus – a parallelogram with 4 equal sides

Right Angle – an angle that measures exactly 90 degrees

Right Triangle – a triangle that has a 90 degree angle

Rotation (turn) – a movement of a figure that turns that figure around a fixed point

Rounding – expressing a number to the nearest 10, 100, 1,000 and so on

Ruler – a tool used to measure length

Sphere – a solid figure with all points the same distance from the center

Square – a rectangle with all 4 sides the same length

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Standard Form – a number written with commas used to separate groups of three digits. For example, the number 2, 385 is written in standard form

Symmetrical – a figure can be folded in half, so that the two halves match exactly

Table – an information display that uses rows and columns to show information

Tally Chart – a table that uses tally marks to record data

Three-Dimensional Figure – a figure that has length, width, and height

Translation (slide) – a movement of a figure to a new position without turning or flipping it

Trapezoid – a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides

Triangle – a closed figure with 3 sides and 3 vertices

Two-Dimensional Figure – a figure that has length and width, but no height

Vertex – a point where lines, rays, sides of a polygon or edges of a polyhedron meet (corner)

Volume (capacity) – the amount of space (in cubic units) that a solid figure can hold

Weight – a measure of how heavy something is

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Grade 4


Addend – any number that is being added

Analog Time – time displayed on a timepiece with hour and minute hands


Array – a rectangular arrangement of objects in equal rows or columns

Axis – a perpendicular ray on a grid; plural axes



Capacity – the measure that tells how much liquid a container can hold


Closed Figure – a figure with no gaps or opening


Common Denominator – denominator that is the same number in two or more fractions

Cone – a solid figure that has a circular base and one vertex

Congruent – having the same size and shape. Congruent angles have the same measure. Congruent segments have the same length

Counting Number – the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,…


Cylinder – a three-dimensional figure with two circular bases, which are parallel and congruent

Decimal – a number with a decimal point

Denominator – in a fraction, the number below the fraction bar

Dividend – the number that is being divided

Divisor – the number that divides the dividend


Elapsed Time – the amount of time that passes between two events

Endpoint – a point that marks the beginning or end of a line segment or the beginning of a ray

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Equal To (=) – shows that two values are the same. For example, 10 = 10




Expanded Form – a number written as the sum of the products of each digit and its place value. For example, the number 314 in expanded form is 300 + 10 + 4.



Fact Family – a set of related addition and subtraction, or multiplication and division equations using the same numbers. For example, 6+9 = 15, 15-9= 6, 9+6= 15, 15-6= 9



Function – a relation in which every input value has a unique output value

Geometric Pattern – a pattern made up of shapes


Greater Than ( ˃ ) – shows that one value is more than another value. For example, 10 ˃ 5

Hexagon – a polygon with 6 sides


Input-Output Table – a table that shows a number, a rule, and a second number; the second number is found by applying the rule to the first number

Length – the distance between two points or objects. It also refers to the longer side of a rectangle

Less Than ( ˂ ) – shows that one value is less than another value. For example, 5 ˂ 10

Like Denominators – see common denominators


Line of Symmetry – a line that divides a figure into two halves that are mirror images of each other



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Mixed Number – a number that has a whole number part and a fraction part


Multiples – the product of a given whole number and another whole number. For example, multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16…

Number Sentence – an equation or inequality with numbers

Numerator – in a fraction, the number above the fraction bar


Octagon – a polygon with 8 sides


Origin – the point on a grid where the x-axis and the y-axis meet. The ordered pair that describes the origin is (0,0)



Pattern – a relationship between a set of numbers or shapes

Pentagon – a polygon with 5 sides


Perpendicular Lines – two lines, segments or rays that intersect to form right angles


Place Value – the value indicated by the position of a digit in a number

Place Value Chart – a chart used to show the values of the digits in a number

Point – particular place or location

Polygon – a closed figure made up of line segments that meet at their endpoints

Prediction – a statement of something that may happen in the future, based on information

Pyramid – a solid figure with a polygon base and triangular that met at a single point (vertex)

Quadrilateral – a polygon with 4 sides

Quotient – the result of division



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Scale – an arrangement of numbers that increase by uniform intervals

Side of a Polygon – one of the line segments that make up a polygon

Sphere – a solid figure with all points the same distance from the center


Standard Form – a number written with commas used to separate groups of three digits. For example, the number 2, 385 is written in standard form

Table – an information display that uses rows and columns to show information

Tally Chart – a table that uses tally marks to record data





Triangular Pyramid – a pyramid with a triangular base


Vertex of a polygon – the common point where two side meet in a polygon

Vertex of a three-dimensional figure – the common point where three edges meet in a three-dimensional figure

Volume (capacity) – the amount of space (in cubic units) that a solid figure can hold

Whole Numbers – the counting numbers plus zero; 1, 2, 3, 4 …

X- axis – the horizontal number line in a grid

X-coordinate – the first number in an ordered pair

Y-axis – the vertical number line in a grid of 39

Y-coordinate – the second number in an ordered pair

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Grade 5


Acute Triangle-a triangle that has three acute angles


Axis (axes) – a perpendicular ray on a grid; plural axes



Certain Outcome – an outcome that will definitely occur every time

Chord – a line segment whose endpoints are on a circle


Circle Graph – a data display that uses a circle divided into parts to represent different categories

Circumference – the distance around a circle


Common Denominator – denominator that is the same number in two or more fractions

Composite Number – a whole number having more than two factors

Coordinates- the numbers in an ordered pair


Decimal – a number with a decimal point

Denominator – in a fraction, the number below the fraction bar

Diameter – a line segment that has endpoints on a circle and passes through the center of the circle

Dividend – the number that is being divided

Divisor – the number that divides the dividend


Equally Likely – describes events that have the same probability of happening


Equilateral Triangle – a triangle that has three sides of the same length


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Equivalent Rates – rates that are equal, e.g., 60 miles per hour = 120 miles per two hours


Expanded Form – a number written as the sum of the products of each digit and its place value. For example, the number 314 in expanded form is 300 + 10 + 4.





Geometric Pattern – a pattern made up of shapes


Greatest Common Factor – the largest factor that 2 or more numbers have in common

Heptagon –a polygon with 7 sides

Histogram – a bar graph in which the labels for the bars are numerical intervals

Hypotenuse – the longest side of a right triangle (which is also the side opposite of the right angle)

Impossible Outcome – an outcome that can never occur


Integer – positive whole numbers, their opposites, and zero, e.g.… -3, -2, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,…

Intersecting Lines – lines that meet or cross at a point

Isosceles Triangle – a triangle that has at least two sides of the same length

Least Common Denominator – the least common multiple of the denominators in two or more fractions

Least Common Multiple – the smallest number, other than zero, that is a common multiple of two or more numbers

Least Likely – a probability term that describes an event that is less likely to happen than any other event

Leg (of a right triangle) – either of the two sides that form the right angle in a right triangle


Line Graph-a data display that uses a line to show how something has changed over a period of time, or a trend

Line of Symmetry – a line on which a figure could be folded so that both halves match exactly

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Line Plot – a graph showing the frequency of data on a number line

Line Segment – part of a line that has two endpoints



Measures of Central Tendency – measures that give information about a set of data such as median, mode, and mean

Mixed Number – a number that has a whole number part and a fraction part


Most Likely –a probability term that describes an event that is more likely to happen than any other event

Multiple – a number that is a result of multiplying a given number by a counting number

Negative Number – a number less than zero

Nonagon – a polygon with 9 sides

Numerator – in a fraction, the number above the fraction bar


Obtuse Triangle – a triangle that has one obtuse angle


Origin – the point on a grid where the x-axis and the y-axis meet. The ordered pair that describes the origin is (0,0)

Outcome – the result of a probability experiment




Perpendicular Lines – lines that cross each other at a right angle


Plane – a flat surface that extends infinitely in all directions

Polygon – a closed figure made up of line segments that meet at their endpoints

Prime Number – a whole number other than 1 that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself

Probability – the likelihood that an event will occur

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Quadrants – the four regions of a coordinate plane that are separated by the axes

Quadrilateral –a polygon with four sides and four angles

Quotient – the result of division

Radius –a line segment that has one endpoint on a circle and the other endpoint at the center of the circle

Range – the difference between the greatest and least numbers in a set of data

Rate – a ratio that compares two quantities having different

Ratio – a comparison of two numbers using divsion




Rectangular Pyramid – a three dimensional figure with one rectangular base and four triangular faces


Regular Polygon - a polygon that has all sides congruent and all angles congruent

Repeating Decimal – a decimal that has a repeating sequence of numbers after the decimal point






Scalene Triangle – a triangle with all sides of different lengths

Similar Polygons – polygons that have the same shape, but not necessarily the same size. Corresponding sides of similar polygons are proportional


Square Pyramid – a three-dimensional figure with one square base and four triangular faces

Straight Angle – an angle with a measure of 180 degrees

Symmetry – a figure has symmetry if its parts match exactly when folded in half

Term(s) – part(s) of a rate, e.g.: in the rate 60 miles per hour, 60 miles and one hour are the terms

Terminating Decimal – a decimal that contains a finite number of digits of 39


Transformation – the moving of a figure by a translation (slide), rotation (turn) or reflection (flip)




Unit Price-the price of a single item or amount

Unit Rate - a rate with the second term being one unit

Variable – a letter that stands for an unknown number in a mathematical expression or sentence

Venn Diagram – a diagram that shows relationships among sets of objects


Whole Numbers – the counting numbers plus zero; 1, 2, 3, 4 …

X- axis – the horizontal number line in a grid

X-coordinate – the first number in an ordered pair

Y-axis – the vertical number line in a grid

Y-coordinate – the second number in an ordered pair

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Grade 6

Tape diagram. A drawing that looks like a segment of tape, used to illustratenumber relationships. Also known as a strip diagram, bar model, fraction strip, orlength model

Integer. A number expressible in the form a or –a for some whole number a.

Median. A measure of center in a set of numerical data. The median of a list ofvalues is the value appearing at the center of a sorted version of the list—or themean of the two central values, if the list contains an even number of values.Example: For the data set {2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 22, 90}, the median is 11.

Mean. A measure of center in a set of numerical data, computed by adding thevalues in a list and then dividing by the number of values in the list.4 Example:For the data set {1, 3, 6, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 22, 120}, the mean is 21.

Line plot. A method of visually displaying a distribution of data values whereeach data value is shown as a dot or mark above a number line. Also known as adot plot.3

Box plot. A method of visually displaying a distribution of data values by usingthe median, quartiles, and extremes of the data set. A box shows the middle50% of the data.1

Interquartile Range. A measure of variation in a set of numerical data, theinterquartile range is the distance between the first and third quartiles ofthe data set. Example: For the data set {1, 3, 6, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 22, 120}, theinterquartile range is 15 – 6 = 9. See also: first quartile, third quartile.

Mean absolute deviation. A measure of variation in a set of numerical data,computed by adding the distances between each data value and the mean, thendividing by the number of data values. Example: For the data set {2, 3, 6, 7, 10,12, 14, 15, 22, 120}, the mean absolute deviation is 20.

Ratio. A comparison of two numbers by division. The ratio of 2 to 4 can be stated as 2 out of 4, 2:4, or 24

Unit rate. A rate simplified so that it has a demoninator of 1

Percent. A ratio that compares a number to 100

Greatest common factor. The greatest number that is a factor of two or more numbers

Least common multiple. The least of the nonzero common multiples of two or more numbers. The LCM of 4 and 6 is 12Distributive property. To multiple a sum by a number, multiple each number in parentheses by the number outside the parentheses

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Positive number. Any number that is greater than zero

Negative number. A number less than zero

Opposites. Two numbers with the same absolute but different signs

Zero pair. A positive tile paired with a negative tile

Absolute value. The distance a number is from zero on the number line

Coefficient. The numerical part of a term that contains a variable

Order of operation. The rules to follow when more than one operation is used in an expression

Substitution. Use algebraic methods to find an exact solution of a system of equations

Dependent variable. The variable in a relation with the value that depends on the value of the independent variable

Nets. A two-dimensional pattern for a three- dimensional figure

Mode. The number or numbers that occur most often in a set of data

Range. The range of a relation is the set of all y-coordinates from each ordered pair

Histogram. A histogram uses bars to display numerical data that have been organized into equal intervals.

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Grade 7Additive inverses. Two numbers whose sum is 0 are additive inverses of oneanother. Example: 3/4 and – 3/4 are additive inverses of one another because3/4 + (– 3/4) = (– 3/4) + 3/4 = 0.

Multiplicative inverses. Two numbers whose product is 1 are multiplicativeinverses of one another. Example: 3/4 and 4/3 are multiplicative inverses of oneanother because 3/4 × 4/3 = 4/3 × 3/4 = 1.

Probability. A number between 0 and 1 used to quantify likelihood for processesthat have uncertain outcomes (such as tossing a coin, selecting a person atrandom from a group of people, tossing a ball at a target, or testing for amedical condition).

Proportion. A statement of equality of two or more ratios

Simple interest. The amount of money paid or earned for the use of money I-prt

Markup. The amount the price of an item is increased above the price of the store paid for an item

Percent of increase. The ratio of an amount of increase to the original amount, expressed as a percent

Percent of decrease. The ratio of an amount of decrease to the previous amount, expressed as a percent. A negative percent of change

Scale drawing. A drawing that is used to represent an object that is too large or too small to be drawn at actual size.

Circumference. The distance around a circle

Supplementary angles. Two angles are supplementary if the sum of their measures is 180 degrees.

Complementary angles. Two angles are complementary if the sum of their measures is 90 degrees.

Vertical angles. Two pairs of opposite angles formed by two intersecting line. The angles formed are congruent.

Adjacent angles. Two angles that have the same vertex, share a common side, and do not overlap

Surface area. The sum of the areas of all the surfaces of a 3-dimensional figure

Sample population. A subgroup or subset of a population used to represent the whole population

Random. Outcomes occur at random if each outcome is equally likely to occur

Frequency. How often something occurs of 39

Simple event. One outcome or a collection of outcomes.

Compound events. Two or more simple events

Tree diagram. A diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes

Sales tax. tax on receipts from sales, usually added to the selling price by the seller.

Markdown. the amount by which a price is reduced.

Gratuities. a gift of money, over and above payment due for service, as to a waiter or bellhop; tip:

Commissions. with commission serving as partial or full pay for work done

Simulation. examination of a problem often not subject to direct experimentation by means of a simulating device

Plane sections. An area created by a plane cutting through a solid

Percent error. Comparing a guess or estimate to an exact value.

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Grade 8Terminating decimal. A decimal is called terminating if its repeating digit is 0.

Repeating decimal. The decimal form of a rational number. See also: terminatingdecimal.

Congruent. Two plane or solid figures are congruent if one can be obtained fromthe other by rigid motion (a sequence of rotations, reflections, and translations).

Dilation. A transformation that moves each point along the ray through thepoint emanating from a fixed center, and multiplies distances from the center bya common scale factor.

Scatter plot. A graph in the coordinate plane representing a set of bivariatedata. For example, the heights and weights of a group of people could bedisplayed on a scatter plot.5

Bivariate data. Pairs of linked numerical observations. Example: a list of heightsand weights for each player on a football team.

Irrational number. Numbers that can’t be expressed as terminating or repeating decimals

Integer exponent. An exponent that is an integer

Square root. One of two equal factors of a number

Cube root. One of three equal factors of a number

Radical. A symbol used to indicate a nonnegative square root

Scientific notation. A number of a form a X 10n, where 1 ≤ a < 10 and n is an integer

Slope. The ratio of the change in the y coordinates to the corresponding change in the x coordinates as you move from one point to another along a line

y-coordinate. The coordinate at which a graph intersects the y axis

slope intercept form. An equation of the form y=mx + b where m is the slope and b is the y intercept

linear equation. An equation in the form Ax + By = C whose graph is a straight line

like terms. Terms with the same variable

simultaneous linear equations. A set of equations with the same variables

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equations. A mathematical sentence that contains an equal sign

function. A relation in which each element of the domain is paired with exactly one element of the range

input. Domain of the function

output. Range of the function

non-linear functions. A function with a graph that is not a straight line

rate of change. A change in one quantity with respect to another quantity

rotation. A transformation where a figure is turned around a fixed point

reflection. A transformation where a figure is flipped over a line

translation. A transformation where a figure is slid from one position to another without being turned.

Similar figures. Figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size

Transversal. A line that intersect two parallel line to form 8 angles

Corresponding angles. Angles that have the same position on two different parallel lines cut by a transversal

Interior. Four of the angles formed by the transversal and two parallel lines

Exterior. Four of the angles formed by the transversal that lie outside the two parallel lines

Pythagorean theorem. If a triangle is a right triangle then the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs

Cone volume formula. The volume of a cone with radius r is one third the area of the base pi x r2 times height h

Cylinder volume formula. the volume of a cylinder with radius r is the area of the base B times the height h

Sphere volume formula. the volume of the sphere is 23 (2 x pi r3)

Outlier. Data that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range beyond the quartiles.

Positive correlation. As x increases y increases

Negative correlation. As x increases y decreases

Line of best fit. On a scatter plot a line drawn that is very close to most of the data points of 39

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