junior psat training packet 2017-18 - archbishop mitty ... student packet.pdf · junior psat...

JuniorPSATTrainingPacket2017-18

FrequentlyAskedQuestions1.WhatisthePSAT/NMQST?ThePreliminarySAT(PSAT)orTheNationalMeritQualifyingScholarshipTest(NMSQT)isatestthathelpsyoupracticefortheSAT.ForJuniors,thetestenablesstudentstoentertheNationalMeritScholarshipCorporation(NMSC)scholarshipprogram.2.HowmanytimescanItakethetest?YoucantakethePSATonceayearinOctoberasasophomoreandajunior.3.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheSATandPSAT?Thereareimportantdifferencesbetweenthetwoexams.First,thePSATisshorterthantheSAT.Second,itdoesnotincludeanessayquestion.Third,thePSATdoesnottestmorecomplextopicssuchasimaginarynumbersortrigonometry.4.HowdoIregisterforthePSAT?AllMittysophomoresandjuniorsareautomaticallyregisteredforthetest.YouwilltakethePSAT/NMQSTonWednesday,October11,2017.5.CanIguessonthePSAT?Yes.Thereisnopenaltyforwronganswers,sodonotleaveaPSATquestionblank!6.DocollegescareaboutmyPSATscores?PSATscoresareNEVERusedforcollegeadmissions.IfyouwererecognizedasaCommendedorNationalMeritScholar,youcanreporttherecognitiononyourcollegeapplications.7.HowdoIgetmyscores?PSATscoresandtestbookletswillbemailedtostudentsinJanuary2018.

PSAT%Reading%Test%%Time%Allotted% 60%minutes%(SAT%65)%Total%Questions% 47%(SAT%52)%% %% %Passage%Content% %U.S.%and%World%Literature% 1%passage;%9%questions%History%and%Social%Studies% 2%passages,%or%1%passage%and%I%pair;%

9L10%questions%Science% 2%passages,%or%1%passage%and%I%pair;%

9L10%questions%Graphs% 1L2%Graphics%in%1%History/Social%Studies%and%in%1%

Science%passage%Types%of%Questions% %Information%and%Ideas%30%questions%est.%

Determining%explicit%and%implicit%meaning%Citing%textual%evidence%Determining%central%ideas%and%themes%Summarizing%Understanding%relationships%Interpreting%words%and%phrases%in%context%%

Information%and%Ideas:%Questions%Stems%

What%choice%best%summarizes…%The%narrator/author%indicates/implies/suggests…%As%used%in%line%25,%“%%%“%most%nearly%means…%It%can%be%inferred…%Which%situation%is%most%similar…%It%is%reasonable%to%conclude…%Based%on%the%passage…%The%author’s%main%point…%Note:%The%following%question%stem%will%often%follow%any%one%of%the%above%stems,%creating%a%double%threat:%%What%choice%provides%the%best%evidence%to%the%previous%question?%

% %There%will%usually%be%two%of%the%above%stem%questions%per%passage.%

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Rhetoric%10%questions%est.%

Analyzing%word%choice%Analyzing%text%structure%Analyzing%point%of%view%Analyzing%purpose%Analyzing%arguments%%

Rhetoric%Questions%stems%%

The%main%purpose%of%the%passage…%The%reference%to%the%……%primarily%serves%to……%The%passage%primarily%serves%to%…%The%author%recognizes%counterarguments…by…%What%main%effects%do%the….have%on%the%tone…%What%choice%best%describes%the%structure%of%the%….paragraph?%The%author%uses….as%examples%of…%%

% %Synthesis%7%questions%est.%%

Analyzing%multiple%texts%Analyzing%quantitative%information%(tables,%charts,%graphs)%%

Synthesis%Questions%stems%

Which%statement%best%summarizes%the%information%presented%in%the%graph/table/chart.%%According%the%graph,%which%statement….%What%information%discussed%in%…%is%represented%by%the%graph?%What%choice%best%states%the%relationship%between%the%two%passages?%How%would%Author%1%respond%to%Author%2?%%

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Reading Comprehension Strategies • Read the passage carefully and thoroughly. • Do not read the questions first and then try to search out the answer. • When you are ready to answer the questions, do not use outside knowledge.

Only use information located in the passage, and eliminate any answers that cannot be directly supported by the text.

• For charts, graphs, and tables, note the title, how the axes are labeled, and any correlations

• If you are unfamiliar with a vocabulary word, use the context of the reading and root words or suffixes to make an educated guess.

• As you read, underline/highlight key points (see below) o The actual information presented. Question stems:

Based on the passage…… The author’s main point….. The narrator/author indicates/implies/suggests…….. It is reasonable to conclude...

o How the information is presented- written, tables, graphs. Question stems:

According to the graph, which statement……… What information discussed in…… is presented by the graph? How would Author 1 respond to Author 2?

o Primary purpose of the passage. Question stems: The main purpose of the passage… The author uses...as examples of…

• The redesigned SAT uses follow-up questions. These questions require you to identify the precise text selection that supports your answer to the previous problem. In other words, you will be expected to provide evidence that supports your claims.

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Reading Test65 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS

Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After readingeach passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated orimplied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table orgraph).

Questions 1-10 are based on the followingpassage.

This passage is adapted from Saki, “TheSchartz-Metterklume Method.” Originally published in 1911.

Lady Carlotta stepped out on to the platform ofthe small wayside station and took a turn or two upand down its uninteresting length, to kill time till thetrain should be pleased to proceed on its way. Then,in the roadway beyond, she saw a horse strugglingwith a more than ample load, and a carter of the sortthat seems to bear a sullen hatred against the animalthat helps him to earn a living. Lady Carlottapromptly betook her to the roadway, and put rather adifferent complexion on the struggle. Certain of heracquaintances were wont to give her plentifuladmonition as to the undesirability of interfering onbehalf of a distressed animal, such interference being“none of her business.” Only once had she put thedoctrine of non-interference into practice, when oneof its most eloquent exponents had been besieged fornearly three hours in a small and extremelyuncomfortable may-tree by an angry boar-pig, whileLady Carlotta, on the other side of the fence, hadproceeded with the water-colour sketch she wasengaged on, and refused to interfere between theboar and his prisoner. It is to be feared that she lostthe friendship of the ultimately rescued lady. On thisoccasion she merely lost the train, which gave way tothe first sign of impatience it had shown throughoutthe journey, and steamed off without her. She borethe desertion with philosophical indifference; her

friends and relations were thoroughly well used tothe fact of her luggage arriving without her.She wired a vague non-committal message to herdestination to say that she was coming on “byanother train.” Before she had time to think what hernext move might be she was confronted by animposingly attired lady, who seemed to be taking aprolonged mental inventory of her clothes and looks.

“You must be Miss Hope, the governess I’ve cometo meet,” said the apparition, in a tone that admittedof very little argument.

“Very well, if I must I must,” said Lady Carlotta toherself with dangerous meekness.

“I am Mrs. Quabarl,” continued the lady; “andwhere, pray, is your luggage?”

“It’s gone astray,” said the alleged governess,falling in with the excellent rule of life that the absentare always to blame; the luggage had, in point of fact,behaved with perfect correctitude. “I’ve justtelegraphed about it,” she added, with a nearerapproach to truth.

“How provoking,” said Mrs. Quabarl; “theserailway companies are so careless. However, mymaid can lend you things for the night,” and she ledthe way to her car.

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During the drive to the Quabarl mansionLady Carlotta was impressively introduced to thenature of the charge that had been thrust upon her;she learned that Claude and Wilfrid were delicate,sensitive young people, that Irene had the artistictemperament highly developed, and that Viola was

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something or other else of a mould equallycommonplace among children of that class and typein the twentieth century.

“I wish them not only to be TAUGHT,” said Mrs.Quabarl, “but INTERESTED in what they learn. Intheir history lessons, for instance, you must try tomake them feel that they are being introduced to thelife-stories of men and women who really lived, notmerely committing a mass of names and dates tomemory. French, of course, I shall expect you to talkat meal-times several days in the week.”

“I shall talk French four days of the week andRussian in the remaining three.”

“Russian? My dear Miss Hope, no one in thehouse speaks or understands Russian.”

“That will not embarrass me in the least,” saidLady Carlotta coldly.

Mrs. Quabarl, to use a colloquial expression, wasknocked off her perch. She was one of thoseimperfectly self-assured individuals who aremagnificent and autocratic as long as they are notseriously opposed. The least show of unexpectedresistance goes a long way towards rendering themcowed and apologetic. When the new governessfailed to express wondering admiration of the largenewly-purchased and expensive car, and lightlyalluded to the superior advantages of one or twomakes which had just been put on the market, thediscomfiture of her patroness became almost abject.Her feelings were those which might have animated ageneral of ancient warfaring days, on beholding hisheaviest battle-elephant ignominiously driven off thefield by slingers and javelin throwers.

1

Which choice best summarizes the passage?A) A woman weighs the positive and negative

aspects of accepting a new job.B) A woman does not correct a stranger who

mistakes her for someone else.C) A woman impersonates someone else to seek

revenge on an acquaintance.D) A woman takes an immediate dislike to her new

employer.

2

In line 2, “turn” most nearly meansA) slight movement.B) change in rotation.C) short walk.D) course correction.

3

The passage most clearly implies that other peopleregarded Lady Carlotta asA) outspoken.B) tactful.C) ambitious.D) unfriendly.

4

Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) Lines 10-14 (“Certain . . . business”)B) Lines 22-23 (“It is . . . lady”)C) Lines 23-26 (“On this . . . her”)D) Lines 30-32 (“She . . . train”)

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The description of how Lady Carlotta “put thedoctrine of non-interference into practice”(lines 14-15) mainly serves toA) foreshadow her capacity for deception.B) illustrate the subtle cruelty in her nature.C) provide a humorous insight into her character.D) explain a surprising change in her behavior.

6

In line 55, “charge” most nearly meansA) responsibility.B) attack.C) fee.D) expense.

7

The narrator indicates that Claude, Wilfrid, Irene,and Viola areA) similar to many of their peers.B) unusually creative and intelligent.C) hostile to the idea of a governess.D) more educated than others of their age.

8

The narrator implies that Mrs. Quabarl favors a formof education that emphasizesA) traditional values.B) active engagement.C) artistic experimentation.D) factual retention.

9

As presented in the passage, Mrs. Quabarl is bestdescribed asA) superficially kind but actually selfish.B) outwardly imposing but easily defied.C) socially successful but irrationally bitter.D) naturally generous but frequently imprudent.

10

Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) Lines 49-50 (“How . . . careless”)B) Lines 62-68 (“I wish . . . memory”)C) Lines 70-73 (“I shall . . . Russian”)D) Lines 77-82 (“She was . . . apologetic”)

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28

As used in line 61, “document” most nearly meansA) portray.B) record.C) publish.D) process.

29

What can reasonably be inferred about glidinganimals from the passage?A) Their young tend to hop along beside their

parents instead of flying beside them.B) Their method of locomotion is similar to that of

ground birds.C) They use the ground for feeding more often than

for perching.D) They do not use a flapping stroke to aid in

climbing slopes.

30

Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) Lines 4-6 (“They jumped . . . air”)B) Lines 28-29 (“They really . . . traveling”)C) Lines 57-59 (“The birds . . . slopes”)D) Lines 72-74 (“something . . . theory”)

Questions 31-41 are based on the followingpassages.

Passage 1 is adapted from Talleyrand et al., Report on PublicInstruction. Originally published in 1791. Passage 2 isadapted from Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of theRights of Woman. Originally published in 1792. Talleyrandwas a French diplomat; the Report was a plan for nationaleducation. Wollstonecraft, a British novelist and politicalwriter, wrote Vindication in response to Talleyrand.

Passage 1That half the human race is excluded by the other

half from any participation in government; that theyare native by birth but foreign by law in the very landwhere they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence orrepresentation: are all political phenomenaapparently impossible to explain on abstractprinciple. But on another level of ideas, the questionchanges and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of thegreatest number. Everything that leads us fartherfrom this purpose is in error; everything that bringsus closer is truth. If the exclusion from publicemployments decreed against women leads to agreater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes,then this becomes a law that all Societies have beencompelled to acknowledge and sanction.

Any other ambition would be a reversal of ourprimary destinies; and it will never be in women’sinterest to change the assignment they have received.

It seems to us incontestable that our commonhappiness, above all that of women, requires thatthey never aspire to the exercise of political rightsand functions. Here we must seek their interests inthe wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that theirdelicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, andthe many duties of motherhood, set them apart fromstrenuous habits and onerous duties, and summonthem to gentle occupations and the cares of thehome? And is it not evident that the great conservingprinciple of Societies, which makes the division ofpowers a source of harmony, has been expressed andrevealed by nature itself, when it divided thefunctions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct amanner? This is sufficient; we need not invokeprinciples that are inapplicable to the question. Let usnot make rivals of life’s companions. You must, youtruly must allow the persistence of a union that nointerest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understandthat the good of all demands this of you.

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Passage 2Contending for the rights of woman, my main

argument is built on this simple principle, that if shebe not prepared by education to become thecompanion of man, she will stop the progress ofknowledge and virtue; for truth must be common toall, or it will be inefficacious with respect to itsinfluence on general practice. And how can womanbe expected to co-operate unless she know why sheought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen herreason till she comprehend her duty, and see in whatmanner it is connected with her real good? Ifchildren are to be educated to understand the trueprinciple of patriotism, their mother must be apatriot; and the love of mankind, from which anorderly train of virtues spring, can only be producedby considering the moral and civil interest ofmankind; but the education and situation of woman,at present, shuts her out from such investigations. . . .

Consider, sir, dispassionately, theseobservations—for a glimpse of this truth seemed toopen before you when you observed, “that to see onehalf of the human race excluded by the other from allparticipation of government, was a politicalphenomenon that, according to abstract principles, itwas impossible to explain.” If so, on what does yourconstitution rest? If the abstract rights of man willbear discussion and explanation, those of woman, bya parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the sametest: though a different opinion prevails in thiscountry, built on the very arguments which you useto justify the oppression of woman—prescription.

Consider—I address you as a legislator—whether, when men contend for their freedom, andto be allowed to judge for themselves respecting theirown happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust tosubjugate women, even though you firmly believethat you are acting in the manner best calculated topromote their happiness? Who made man theexclusive judge, if woman partake with him the giftof reason?

In this style, argue tyrants of everydenomination, from the weak king to the weakfather of a family; they are all eager to crush reason;yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to beuseful. Do you not act a similar part, when you forceall women, by denying them civil and political rights,to remain immured in their families groping inthe dark?

31

As used in line 21, “common” most nearly meansA) average.B) shared.C) coarse.D) similar.

32

It can be inferred that the authors of Passage 1believe that running a household and raisingchildrenA) are rewarding for men as well as for women.B) yield less value for society than do the roles

performed by men.C) entail very few activities that are difficult or

unpleasant.D) require skills similar to those needed to run a

country or a business.

33

Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) Lines 4-6 (“they are . . . representation”)B) Lines 13-17 (“If the . . . sanction”)C) Lines 25-30 (“Is it . . . home”)D) Lines 30-35 (“And . . . manner”)

34

According to the author of Passage 2, in order forsociety to progress, women mustA) enjoy personal happiness and financial security.B) follow all currently prescribed social rules.C) replace men as figures of power and authority.D) receive an education comparable to that of men.

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As used in line 50, “reason” most nearly meansA) motive.B) sanity.C) intellect.D) explanation.

36

In Passage 2, the author claims that freedoms grantedby society’s leaders haveA) privileged one gender over the other.B) resulted in a general reduction in individual

virtue.C) caused arguments about the nature of happiness.D) ensured equality for all people.

37

Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) Lines 41-45 (“Contending . . . virtue”)B) Lines 45-47 (“truth . . . practice”)C) Lines 65-66 (“If so . . . rest”)D) Lines 72-75 (“Consider . . . happiness”)

38

In lines 61-65, the author of Passage 2 refers to astatement made in Passage 1 in order toA) call into question the qualifications of the

authors of Passage 1 regarding gender issues.B) dispute the assertion made about women in the

first sentence of Passage 1.C) develop her argument by highlighting what she

sees as flawed reasoning in Passage 1.D) validate the concluding declarations made by the

authors of Passage 1 about gender roles.

39

Which best describes the overall relationshipbetween Passage 1 and Passage 2?A) Passage 2 strongly challenges the point of view in

Passage 1.B) Passage 2 draws alternative conclusions from the

evidence presented in Passage 1.C) Passage 2 elaborates on the proposal presented

in Passage 1.D) Passage 2 restates in different terms the

argument presented in Passage 1.

40

The authors of both passages would most likely agreewith which of the following statements about womenin the eighteenth century?A) Their natural preferences were the same as those

of men.B) They needed a good education to be successful in

society.C) They were just as happy in life as men were.D) They generally enjoyed fewer rights than

men did.

41

How would the authors of Passage 1 most likelyrespond to the points made in the final paragraph ofPassage 2?A) Women are not naturally suited for the exercise

of civil and political rights.B) Men and women possess similar degrees of

reasoning ability.C) Women do not need to remain confined to their

traditional family duties.D) The principles of natural law should not be

invoked when considering gender roles.

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Questions 11-20 are based on the followingpassage and supplementary material.

This passage is adapted from Taras Grescoe, Straphanger:Saving Our Cities and Ourselves from the Automobile. ©2012by Taras Grescoe.

Though there are 600 million cars on the planet,and counting, there are also seven billion people,which means that for the vast majority of us gettingaround involves taking buses, ferryboats, commutertrains, streetcars, and subways. In other words,traveling to work, school, or the market means beinga straphanger: somebody who, by choice or necessity,relies on public transport, rather than a privatelyowned automobile.

Half the population of New York, Toronto, andLondon do not own cars. Public transport is howmost of the people of Asia and Africa, the world’smost populous continents, travel. Every day, subwaysystems carry 155 million passengers, thirty-fourtimes the number carried by all the world’s airplanes,and the global public transport market is now valuedat $428 billion annually. A century and a half afterthe invention of the internal combustion engine,private car ownership is still an anomaly.

And yet public transportation, in many minds, isthe opposite of glamour—a squalid last resort forthose with one too many impaired driving charges,too poor to afford insurance, or too decrepit to getbehind the wheel of a car. In much of NorthAmerica, they are right: taking transit is a depressingexperience. Anybody who has waited far too long ona street corner for the privilege of boarding alurching, overcrowded bus, or wrestled luggage ontosubways and shuttles to get to a big city airport,knows that transit on this continent tends to beunderfunded, ill-maintained, and ill-planned. Giventhe opportunity, who wouldn’t drive? Hopping in acar almost always gets you to your destination morequickly.

It doesn’t have to be like this. Done right, publictransport can be faster, more comfortable, andcheaper than the private automobile. In Shanghai,German-made magnetic levitation trains skim overelevated tracks at 266 miles an hour, whisking peopleto the airport at a third of the speed of sound. Inprovincial French towns, electric-powered streetcarsrun silently on rubber tires, sliding through narrowstreets along a single guide rail set into cobblestones.From Spain to Sweden, Wi-Fi equipped high-speedtrains seamlessly connect with highly ramified metro

networks, allowing commuters to work on laptops asthey prepare for same-day meetings in once distantcapital cities. In Latin America, China, and India,working people board fast-loading buses that movelike subway trains along dedicated busways, leavingthe sedans and SUVs of the rich mired indawn-to-dusk traffic jams. And some cities havetransformed their streets into cycle-path freeways,making giant strides in public health and safety andthe sheer livability of their neighborhoods—in theprocess turning the workaday bicycle into a viableform of mass transit.

If you credit the demographers, this transit trendhas legs. The “Millenials,” who reached adulthoodaround the turn of the century and now outnumberbaby boomers, tend to favor cities over suburbs, andare far more willing than their parents to ride busesand subways. Part of the reason is their ease withiPads, MP3 players, Kindles, and smartphones: youcan get some serious texting done when you’re notdriving, and earbuds offer effective insulation fromall but the most extreme commuting annoyances.Even though there are more teenagers in the countrythan ever, only ten million have a driver’s license(versus twelve million a generation ago). Babyboomers may have been raised in Leave It to Beaversuburbs, but as they retire, a significant contingent isfavoring older cities and compact towns where theyhave the option of walking and riding bikes. Seniors,too, are more likely to use transit, and by 2025, therewill be 64 million Americans over the age ofsixty-five. Already, dwellings in older neighborhoodsin Washington, D.C., Atlanta, and Denver, especiallythose near light-rail or subway stations, arecommanding enormous price premiums oversuburban homes. The experience of European andAsian cities shows that if you make buses, subways,and trains convenient, comfortable, fast, and safe, asurprisingly large percentage of citizens will opt toride rather than drive.

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Figure 1

Primary Occupation of PublicTransportation Passengers

in US Cities

employedoutside

the home72%

unemployed

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student10.7%

homemaker2.0%

retired6.7%

other2.2%

Figure 2

work59.1%

other5.7%

Purpose of Public Transportation Trips in US Cities

personalbusiness

6.3%medical/dental3.0%

shopping/dining 8.5%

social6.8%

school10.6%

Figure 1 and figure 2 are adapted from the American PublicTransportation Association, “A·Profile of Public TransportationPassenger Demographics and Travel Characteristics Reported inOn-Board Surveys.” ©2007 by American Public TransportationAssociation.

11

What function does the third paragraph (lines 20-34)serve in the passage as a whole?A) It acknowledges that a practice favored by the

author of the passage has some limitations.B) It illustrates with detail the arguments made in

the first two paragraphs of the passage.C) It gives an overview of a problem that has not

been sufficiently addressed by the expertsmentioned in the passage.

D) It advocates for abandoning a practice for whichthe passage as a whole provides mostlyfavorable data.

12

Which choice does the author explicitly cite asan advantage of automobile travel in North America?A) Environmental impactB) ConvenienceC) SpeedD) Cost

13

Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) Lines 5-9 (“In . . . automobile”)B) Lines 20-24 (“And . . . car”)C) Lines 24-26 (“In . . . experience”)D) Lines 32-34 (“Hopping . . . quickly”)

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The central idea of the fourth paragraph (lines 35-57)is thatA) European countries excel at public

transportation.B) some public transportation systems are superior

to travel by private automobile.C) Americans should mimic foreign public

transportation systems when possible.D) much international public transportation is

engineered for passengers to work while onboard.

15

Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) Line 35 (“It . . . this”)B) Lines 35-37 (“Done . . . automobile”)C) Lines 37-40 (“In . . . sound”)D) Lines 44-48 (“From . . . cities”)

16

As used in line 58, “credit” most nearly meansA) endow.B) attribute.C) believe.D) honor.

17

As used in line 61, “favor” most nearly meansA) indulge.B) prefer.C) resemble.D) serve.

18

Which choice best supports the conclusion thatpublic transportation is compatible with the use ofpersonal electronic devices?A) Lines 59-63 (“The . . . subways”)B) Lines 63-67 (“Part . . . annoyances”)C) Lines 68-70 (“Even . . . ago”)D) Lines 77-81 (“Already . . . homes”)

19

Which choice is supported by the data in thefirst figure?A) The number of students using public

transportation is greater than the number ofretirees using public transportation.

B) The number of employed people using publictransportation and the number of unemployedpeople using public transportation is roughlythe same.

C) People employed outside the home are less likelyto use public transportation than arehomemakers.

D) Unemployed people use public transportationless often than do people employed outside thehome.

20

Taken together, the two figures suggest that mostpeople who use public transportationA) are employed outside the home and take public

transportation to work.B) are employed outside the home but take public

transportation primarily in order to run errands.C) use public transportation during the week but

use their private cars on weekends.D) use public transportation only until they are able

to afford to buy a car.

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Questions 43-52 are based on the followingpassage and supplementary material.

This passage is adapted from Geoffrey Giller, “Long aMystery, How 500-Meter-High Undersea Waves Form IsRevealed.” ©2014 by Scientific American.

Some of the largest ocean waves in the world arenearly impossible to see. Unlike other large waves,these rollers, called internal waves, do not ride theocean surface. Instead, they move underwater,undetectable without the use of satellite imagery orsophisticated monitoring equipment. Despite theirhidden nature, internal waves are fundamental partsof ocean water dynamics, transferring heat to theocean depths and bringing up cold water from below.And they can reach staggering heights—some as tallas skyscrapers.

Because these waves are involved in ocean mixingand thus the transfer of heat, understanding them iscrucial to global climate modeling, says TomPeacock, a researcher at the Massachusetts Instituteof Technology. Most models fail to take internalwaves into account. “If we want to have more andmore accurate climate models, we have to be able tocapture processes such as this,” Peacock says.

Peacock and his colleagues tried to do just that.Their study, published in November in GeophysicalResearch Letters, focused on internal waves generatedin the Luzon Strait, which separates Taiwan and thePhilippines. Internal waves in this region, thought tobe some of the largest in the world, can reach about500 meters high. “That’s the same height as theFreedom Tower that’s just been built in New York,”Peacock says.

Although scientists knew of this phenomenon inthe South China Sea and beyond, they didn’t knowexactly how internal waves formed. To find out,Peacock and a team of researchers from M.I.T. andWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution worked withFrance’s National Center for Scientific Researchusing a giant facility there called the CoriolisPlatform. The rotating platform, about 15 meters(49.2 feet) in diameter, turns at variable speeds andcan simulate Earth’s rotation. It also has walls, whichmeans scientists can fill it with water and createaccurate, large-scale simulations of variousoceanographic scenarios.

Peacock and his team built a carbon-fiber resinscale model of the Luzon Strait, including the islandsand surrounding ocean floor topography. Then theyfilled the platform with water of varying salinity toreplicate the different densities found at the strait,with denser, saltier water below and lighter, lessbriny water above. Small particles were added to thesolution and illuminated with lights from below inorder to track how the liquid moved. Finally, theyre-created tides using two large plungers to see howthe internal waves themselves formed.

The Luzon Strait’s underwater topography, with adistinct double-ridge shape, turns out to beresponsible for generating the underwater waves.As the tide rises and falls and water moves throughthe strait, colder, denser water is pushed up over theridges into warmer, less dense layers above it.This action results in bumps of colder water trailedby warmer water that generate an internal wave.As these waves move toward land, they becomesteeper—much the same way waves at the beachbecome taller before they hit the shore—until theybreak on a continental shelf.

The researchers were also able to devise amathematical model that describes the movementand formation of these waves. Whereas the model isspecific to the Luzon Strait, it can still helpresearchers understand how internal waves aregenerated in other places around the world.Eventually, this information will be incorporated intoglobal climate models, making them more accurate.“It’s very clear, within the context of these [globalclimate] models, that internal waves play a role indriving ocean circulations,” Peacock says.

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43

The first paragraph serves mainly toA) explain how a scientific device is used.B) note a common misconception about an event.C) describe a natural phenomenon and address its

importance.D) present a recent study and summarize its

findings.

44

As used in line 19, “capture” is closest in meaning toA) control.B) record.C) secure.D) absorb.

45

According to Peacock, the ability to monitor internalwaves is significant primarily becauseA) it will allow scientists to verify the maximum

height of such waves.B) it will allow researchers to shift their focus to

improving the quality of satellite images.C) the study of wave patterns will enable regions to

predict and prevent coastal damage.D) the study of such waves will inform the

development of key scientific models.

46

Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) Lines 1-2 (“Some . . . see”)B) Lines 4-6 (“they . . . equipment”)C) Lines 17-19 (“If . . . this”)D) Lines 24-26 (“Internal . . . high”)

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Dep

th B

elow

Surf

ace

(met

ers)

80

160

0

120

40

Time (hours)

* Bands of water of constant temperatures

CHANGES IN DEPTH OF ISOTHERMS*IN AN INTERNAL WAVE OVER A 24-HOUR PERIOD

0:00

1:12

2:24

3:36

4:48

6:00

7:12

8:24

9:36

10:48

12:00

13:12

14:24

15:36

16:48

18:00

19:12

20:24

21:36

22:48

24:00

13°C 11°C 10°C 9°C

Adapted from Justin Small et al., “Internal Solitons in the Ocean: Prediction from SAR.” ©1998 by Oceanography, Defence Evaluation and Research Agency.

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47

As used in line 65, “devise” most nearly meansA) create.B) solve.C) imagine.D) begin.

48

Based on information in the passage, it canreasonably be inferred that all internal wavesA) reach approximately the same height even

though the locations and depths of continentalshelves vary.

B) may be caused by similar factors but areinfluenced by the distinct topographies ofdifferent regions.

C) can be traced to inconsistencies in the tidalpatterns of deep ocean water located nearislands.

D) are generated by the movement of dense waterover a relatively flat section of the ocean floor.

49

Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) Lines 29-31 (“Although . . . formed”)B) Lines 56-58 (“As the . . . it”)C) Lines 61-64 (“As these . . . shelf”)D) Lines 67-70 (“Whereas . . . world”)

50

In the graph, which isotherm displays an increase indepth below the surface during the period 19:12 to20:24?A) 9°CB) 10°CC) 11°CD) 13°C

51

Which concept is supported by the passage and bythe information in the graph?A) Internal waves cause water of varying salinity

to mix.B) Internal waves push denser water above layers of

less dense water.C) Internal waves push bands of cold water above

bands of warmer water.D) Internal waves do not rise to break the ocean’s

surface.

52

How does the graph support the author’s point thatinternal waves affect ocean water dynamics?A) It demonstrates that wave movement forces

warmer water down to depths that typically arecolder.

B) It reveals the degree to which an internal waveaffects the density of deep layers of cold water.

C) It illustrates the change in surface temperaturethat takes place during an isolated series of deepwaves.

D) It shows that multiple waves rising near thesurface of the ocean disrupt the flow of normaltides.

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Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

STOPIf you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.

Do not turn to any other section.

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Data in the graph provide most direct support forwhich idea in the passage?A) Acting on empathy can be counterproductive.B) Ethical economics is defined by character.C) Ethical economics is still possible.D) People fear losses more than they hope for gains.

Questions 22-32 are based on the followingpassages.

Passage 1 is adapted from Nicholas Carr, “AuthorNicholas Carr: The Web Shatters Focus, Rewires Brains.”©2010 by Condé Nast. Passage 2 is from Steven Pinker,“Mind over Mass Media.” ©2010 by The New York TimesCompany.

Passage 1The mental consequences of our online

info-crunching are not universally bad.Certain cognitive skills are strengthened by our useof computers and the Net. These tend to involvemore primitive mental functions, such as hand-eyecoordination, reflex response, and the processing ofvisual cues. One much-cited study of video gamingrevealed that after just 10 days of playing actiongames on computers, a group of young people hadsignificantly boosted the speed with which they couldshift their visual focus between various images andtasks.

It’s likely that Web browsing also strengthensbrain functions related to fast-paced problemsolving, particularly when it requires spottingpatterns in a welter of data. A British study of theway women search for medical information onlineindicated that an experienced Internet user can, atleast in some cases, assess the trustworthiness andprobable value of a Web page in a matter of seconds.The more we practice surfing and scanning, the moreadept our brain becomes at those tasks.

But it would be a serious mistake to look narrowlyat such benefits and conclude that the Web is makingus smarter. In a Science article published in early2009, prominent developmental psychologist PatriciaGreenfield reviewed more than 40 studies of theeffects of various types of media on intelligence andlearning ability. She concluded that “every mediumdevelops some cognitive skills at the expense ofothers.” Our growing use of the Net and otherscreen-based technologies, she wrote, has led to the“widespread and sophisticated development ofvisual-spatial skills.” But those gains go hand in handwith a weakening of our capacity for the kind of“deep processing” that underpins “mindfulknowledge acquisition, inductive analysis, criticalthinking, imagination, and reflection.”

We know that the human brain is highlyplastic; neurons and synapses change ascircumstances change. When we adapt to a newcultural phenomenon, including the use of a new

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medium, we end up with a different brain, saysMichael Merzenich, a pioneer of the field ofneuroplasticity. That means our online habitscontinue to reverberate in the workings of our braincells even when we’re not at a computer. We’reexercising the neural circuits devoted to skimmingand multitasking while ignoring those used forreading and thinking deeply.

Passage 2Critics of new media sometimes use science itself

to press their case, citing research that shows how“experience can change the brain.” But cognitiveneuroscientists roll their eyes at such talk. Yes, everytime we learn a fact or skill the wiring of the brainchanges; it’s not as if the information is stored in thepancreas. But the existence of neural plasticity doesnot mean the brain is a blob of clay pounded intoshape by experience.

Experience does not revamp the basicinformation-processing capacities of the brain.Speed-reading programs have long claimed to do justthat, but the verdict was rendered by Woody Allenafter he read Leo Tolstoy’s famously long novelWar and Peace in one sitting: “It was about Russia.”Genuine multitasking, too, has been exposed as amyth, not just by laboratory studies but by thefamiliar sight of an SUV undulating between lanes asthe driver cuts deals on his cell phone.

Moreover, the effects of experience are highlyspecific to the experiences themselves. If you trainpeople to do one thing (recognize shapes, solve mathpuzzles, find hidden words), they get better at doingthat thing, but almost nothing else. Music doesn’tmake you better at math, conjugating Latin doesn’tmake you more logical, brain-training games don’tmake you smarter. Accomplished people don’t bulkup their brains with intellectual calisthenics; theyimmerse themselves in their fields. Novelists readlots of novels, scientists read lots of science.

The effects of consuming electronic media arelikely to be far more limited than the panic implies.Media critics write as if the brain takes on thequalities of whatever it consumes, the informationalequivalent of “you are what you eat.” As with ancientpeoples who believed that eating fierce animals madethem fierce, they assume that watching quick cuts inrock videos turns your mental life into quick cuts orthat reading bullet points and online postings turnsyour thoughts into bullet points and online postings.

22

The author of Passage 1 indicates which of thefollowing about the use of screen-based technologies?A) It should be thoroughly studied.B) It makes the brain increasingly rigid.C) It has some positive effects.D) It should be widely encouraged.

23

Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?A) Lines 3-4 (“Certain . . . Net”)B) Lines 23-25 (“But . . . smarter”)C) Lines 25-29 (“In a . . . ability”)D) Lines 29-31 (“She . . . others”)

24

The author of Passage 1 indicates that becomingadept at using the Internet canA) make people complacent about their health.B) undermine the ability to think deeply.C) increase people’s social contacts.D) improve people’s self-confidence.

25

As used in line 40, “plastic” most nearly meansA) creative.B) artificial.C) malleable.D) sculptural.

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The author of Passage 2 refers to the novelWar and Peace primarily to suggest thatWoody AllenA) did not like Tolstoy’s writing style.B) could not comprehend the novel by

speed-reading it.C) had become quite skilled at multitasking.D) regretted having read such a long novel.

27

According to the author of Passage 2, what donovelists and scientists have in common?A) They take risks when they pursue knowledge.B) They are eager to improve their minds.C) They are curious about other subjects.D) They become absorbed in their own fields.

28

The analogy in the final sentence of Passage 2 hasprimarily which effect?A) It uses ornate language to illustrate a difficult

concept.B) It employs humor to soften a severe opinion of

human behavior.C) It alludes to the past to evoke a nostalgic

response.D) It criticizes the view of a particular group.

29

The main purpose of each passage is toA) compare brain function in those who play games

on the Internet and those who browse on it.B) report on the problem-solving skills of

individuals with varying levels of Internetexperience.

C) take a position on increasing financial supportfor studies related to technology and intelligence.

D) make an argument about the effects of electronicmedia use on the brain.

30

Which choice best describes the relationship betweenthe two passages?A) Passage 2 relates first-hand experiences that

contrast with the clinical approach in Passage 1.B) Passage 2 critiques the conclusions drawn from

the research discussed in Passage 1.C) Passage 2 takes a high-level view of a result that

Passage 1 examines in depth.D) Passage 2 predicts the negative reactions that the

findings discussed in Passage 1 might produce.

31

On which of the following points would the authorsof both passages most likely agree?A) Computer-savvy children tend to demonstrate

better hand-eye coordination than do theirparents.

B) Those who criticize consumers of electronicmedia tend to overreact in their criticism.

C) Improved visual-spatial skills do not generalizeto improved skills in other areas.

D) Internet users are unlikely to prefer readingonscreen text to reading actual books.

32

Which choice provides the best evidence that theauthor of Passage 2 would agree to some extent withthe claim attributed to Michael Merzenich inlines 41-43, Passage 1?A) Lines 51-53 (“Critics . . . brain”)B) Lines 54-56 (“Yes . . . changes”)C) Lines 57-59 (“But . . . experience”)D) Lines 83-84 (“Media . . . consumes”)

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Writing%and%Language%Test%%%% %

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PSAT%Writing%and%Language%Test%%

Time%Allotted% 35%minutes%(same%as%SAT)%

Total%Questions% 44%(same%as%SAT)%

% %

% %

Passage%Content% %

Careers% 1%passage;%11%questions%

History/Social%Studies% 1%passage;%11%questions%

Humanities% 1%passage;%11%questions%

Science% 1%passage;%11%questions%

Types%of%Questions% %

Expression%of%Ideas.% %

Development%

8%questions%est.%

These questions focus on revising text in relation to rhetorical purpose. (Prior knowledge of the topic is not assessed, though consistency of the material within a passage may be.)

Organization%

8%questions%est.%

These questions focus on revision of text to improve the logic and cohesion of text at the sentence, paragraph, and whole-text levels.

%

Effective%Language%Use%

8%questions%est.%

These questions focus on revision of text to improve the use of language to accomplish particular rhetorical purposes.

Standard%English%Conventions% %

Sentence%Structures%

7%questions%est.%

These questions focus on editing text to correct problems in sentence formation and inappropriate shifts in construction within and between sentences.

Conventions%of%Usage%

8%questions%est.%

These questions focus on editing text to ensure conformity to the conventions of standard written English usage.

Conventions%of%Punctuation%

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New Information about the Math SAT

1. The Math section of the Redesigned SAT will increase its focus on algebraic and general problem solving, as well as data interpretation. Geometry will still be present, but it will account for a much smaller portion of the test (10% instead of 25%) with trigonometry (<5%).

2. There is now a calculator-free portion. 3. Extended-thinking questions: these questions will be word problems followed by

several related questions, all of which test your problem solving skills. The answers to these questions will be “open” (or student produced), rather than multiple-choice. These questions are not only based on realistic scenarios but also present more complicated situations that require understanding what math concepts to employ.

4. More real-life situations and word problems. 5. Questions are more straightforward.

SAT Math Tips: 1. Answer the question that is being asked (solve for x, then plug it back

in). Underline key portions of the problem to remind yourself what it is ultimately asking of you.

2. Translate words into math (i.e. of = multiplication) 3. Look for consecutive problems that pull from the same graph/data chart to ask

questions. To start preparing for these extended thinking questions, treat all math problems as essentially “open” – solve each practice question with the possible responses covered, and write your answer in the margin. After you finish, compare your result with the answer key.

4. Answer all the beginning questions before moving on to the more difficult questions. Questions go from easy to difficult. First third are easy, second third are medium, and last third are difficult.

5. Look for wrong answers to eliminate because you are no longer penalized for answering incorrectly, eliminating one answer will increase your odds of getting it correct.

6. Use the figure shown to help solve the problem when it does NOT say “figure not drawn to scale”

7. Plug in numbers to the given formula (backsolve) in order to save time 8. Pick numbers for variables (never 0 or 1 because they have special properties) to

skip using involved algebraic equations %

%

40

Math Test – No Calculator25 MINUTES, 20 QUESTIONS


3 3


For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choicesprovided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20,solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer tothe directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may useany available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.

2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.

3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.

4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.

5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f (x) is a real number.

r

rr

r

w

w w

h

hh hh

b

c

a

b

A = ℓw

V = ℓwh

A = bhA = pr2

V = pr2h

c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right TrianglesC = 2pr

ℓ

ℓ ℓ

12

V = pr343 V = pr2h1

3 V = ℓwh13

30°60° 45°

45°

2x x s

sx√3

s√2

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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1

If x5 + 6 = 10, what is the value of x10 + 3 ?

A) 4B) 9C) 11D) 20

2

x yx y

+ = 03 − 2 = 10

Which of the following ordered pairs x y( , ) satisfiesthe system of equations above?

A) (3, −2)

B) (2, −2)

C) (−2, 2)

D) (−2, −2)

3

A landscaping company estimates the price of a job,in dollars, using the expression nh60 + 12 , where nis the number of landscapers who will be workingand h is the total number of hours the job will takeusing n landscapers. Which of the following is thebest interpretation of the number 12 in theexpression?

A) The company charges $12 per hour for eachlandscaper.

B) A minimum of 12 landscapers will work oneach job.

C) The price of every job increases by$12 every hour.

D) Each landscaper works 12 hours a day.

4

a a b b9 + 12 + 44 2 2 4

Which of the following is equivalent to theexpression shown above?

A) a b(3 + 2 )2 2 2

B) a b(3 + 2 )4

C) a b(9 + 4 )2 2 2

D) a b(9 + 4 )4

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5

k x2 + 17 − = 02

If k > 0 and x = 7 in the equation above, what is thevalue of k ?

A) 2B) 3C) 4D) 5

6

x

y

O

ℓ(0, 2) k

( p, 0)

(0, ! 4)

(! 5, 0)

In the xy-plane above, line A is parallel to line k.What is the value of p ?

A) 4B) 5C) 8D) 10

7

Ifxx

x=a

b16

2

2 , x > 1, and a b+ = 2, what is the value

of a b− ?

A) 8B) 14C) 16D) 18

8

nA = 360

The measure A, in degrees, of an exterior angle of aregular polygon is related to the number of sides, n,of the polygon by the formula above. If the measureof an exterior angle of a regular polygon is greaterthan 50°, what is the greatest number of sides itcan have?

A) 5B) 6C) 7D) 8

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9

The graph of a line in the xy-plane has slope 2 andcontains the point (1, 8). The graph of a second linepasses through the points (1, 2) and (2, 1). If thetwo lines intersect at the point a b( , ), what is thevalue of a b+ ?

A) 4

B) 3

C) −1

D) −4

10

Which of the following equations has a graph in thexy-plane for which y is always greater than or equalto −1 ?

A) y x= − 2

B) y x= − 22

C) y x= ( − 2)2

D) y x= − 23

11

Which of the following complex numbers is

equivalent to ii

3 − 58 + 2

? (Note: i = −1 )

A)i3

8−

52

B)i3

8+

52

C)i7

34−

2334

D)i7

34+

2334

12

R FN F

=+

A website uses the formula above to calculate aseller’s rating, R, based on the number of favorablereviews, F, and unfavorable reviews, N. Which ofthe following expresses the number of favorablereviews in terms of the other variables?

A) F RNR

=− 1

B) F RNR

=1 −

C) F NR

=1 −

D) F NR

=− 1

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13

What is the sum of all values of m that satisfym m2 − 16 + 8 = 02 ?

A) −8

B) −4 3

C) 4 3D) 8

14

A radioactive substance decays at an annual rate of13 percent. If the initial amount of the substance is325 grams, which of the following functions fmodels the remaining amount of the substance, ingrams, t years later?

A) f t( ) = 325(0.87)t

B) f t( ) = 325(0.13)t

C) f t( ) = 0.87(325)t

D) f t( ) = 0.13(325)t

15

The expressionxx

5 − 2+ 3

is equivalent to which of the

following?

A)5 − 2

3

B) 5 −23

C)x

5 −2+ 3

D)x

5 −17+ 3

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23456789

23456789

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Grid inresult.

Fractionline

Writeanswerin boxes.

For questions 16–20, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid, as describedbelow, on the answer sheet.

1. Although not required, it is suggested that you write your answer in the boxes at the top of the columns to help you fill in the circles accurately. You will receive credit only if the circles are filled in correctly.2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.3. No question has a negative answer.4. Some problems may have more than one correct answer. In such cases, grid only one answer.

5. Mixed numbers such as must be gridded

as 3.5 or 7/2. (If is entered into the

grid, it will be interpreted as , not .)

6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal answer with more digits than the grid can accommodate, it may be either rounded or truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.

Answer:

Acceptable ways to grid are:

712

312

12

3

12

3 23

Decimalpoint

10

. . . .

101

01

//7 1/ 2

Answer: 2.5

10

. . . .

23456789

1

3456789

0123456789

0123456789

//.2 5

2

10

. . . .

23456789

123456789

0123456789

0123456789

///2 3

10

. . . .

23456789

123456789

0123456789

0123456789

//66. .6

10

. . . .

23456789

123456789

0123456789

0123456789

//66 7

Answer: 201 – either position is correct

10

. . . .

23

123

0123

0123

//02 1

10

. . . .

23

123

0123

0123

//102

DIRECTIONS

67777778888888

67777778888888

67777778888888

67777778888888

67777778888888

7777778888888

7777778888888

7777778888888

67777778888888

7777778888888

7777778888888

6

8888888

222233333333 33333333

222233333333

22223333333 33333333

222233333333

222233333333

22223333333

//

3 /1 2//

NOTE: You may start your answers in any column, space permitting. Columns you don’t need to use should be left blank.

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The sales manager of a company awarded a total of$3000 in bonuses to the most productive salespeople.The bonuses were awarded in amounts of $250 or$750. If at least one $250 bonus and at least one $750bonus were awarded, what is one possible number of$250 bonuses awarded?

17

x x x ax bx c2 (3 + 5) + 3(3 + 5) = + +2

In the equation above, a, b, and c are constants. Ifthe equation is true for all values of x, what is thevalue of b ?

18

B

C D

EA

5

10 8

In the figure above, &AE CD and segment ADintersects segment CE at B. What is the length ofsegment CE ?

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Ox

y

(√3, 1)A

B

In the xy-plane above, O is the center of the circle,

and the measure of ∠AOB isπa

radians. What is

the value of a ?

20

ax byx y

+ = 122 + 8 = 60

In the system of equations above, a and b are

constants. If the system has infinitely many

solutions, what is the value of ab

?

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Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.



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Math Test – Calculator55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS


4 4


For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choicesprovided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38,solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer tothe directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may useany available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is permitted.

2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.

3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.

4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.

5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f (x) is a real number.

r

rr

r

w

w w

h

hh hh

b

c

a

b

A = ℓw

V = ℓwh

A = bhA = pr2

V = pr2h

c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right TrianglesC = 2pr

ℓ

ℓ ℓ

12

V = pr343 V = pr2h1

3 V = ℓwh13

30°60° 45°

45°

2x x s

sx√3

s√2

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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1

A musician has a new song available fordownloading or streaming. The musician earns$0.09 each time the song is downloaded and $0.002each time the song is streamed. Which of thefollowing expressions represents the amount, indollars, that the musician earns if the song isdownloaded d times and streamed s times?

A) d s0.002 + 0.09

B) d s0.002 − 0.09

C) d s0.09 + 0.002

D) d s0.09 − 0.002

2

A quality control manager at a factory selects7 lightbulbs at random for inspection out of every400 lightbulbs produced. At this rate, how manylightbulbs will be inspected if the factory produces20,000 lightbulbs?

A) 300B) 350C) 400D) 450

3

m= 24 + 3.5A

One end of a spring is attached to a ceiling. When anobject of mass m kilograms is attached to the otherend of the spring, the spring stretches to a length ofA centimeters as shown in the equation above. Whatis m when A is 73 ?

A) 14B) 27.7C) 73D) 279.5

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▼Questions 4 and 5 refer to the following information.

The amount of money a performer earns is directlyproportional to the number of people attending theperformance. The performer earns $120 at aperformance where 8 people attend.

4

How much money will the performer earn when20 people attend a performance?

A) $960B) $480C) $300D) $240

5

The performer uses 43% of the money earned to paythe costs involved in putting on each performance.The rest of the money earned is the performer’sprofit. What is the profit the performer makes at aperformance where 8 people attend?

A) $51.60B) $57.00C) $68.40D) $77.00

▲

6

When 4 times the number x is added to 12, theresult is 8. What number results when 2 times x isadded to 7 ?

A) −1B) 5C) 8D) 9

7

y x x= − 6 + 82

The equation above represents a parabola in thexy-plane. Which of the following equivalent forms ofthe equation displays the x-intercepts of the parabolaas constants or coefficients?

A) y x x− 8 = − 62

B) y x+ 1 = ( − 3)2

C) y x x= ( − 6) + 8D) y x x= ( − 2)( − 4)

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8

In a video game, each player starts the game withk points and loses 2 points each time a task is notcompleted. If a player who gains no additionalpoints and fails to complete 100 tasks has a score of200 points, what is the value of k ?

A) 0B) 150C) 250D) 400

9

A worker uses a forklift to move boxes that weigheither 40 pounds or 65 pounds each. Let x be thenumber of 40-pound boxes and y be the number of65-pound boxes. The forklift can carry up to either45 boxes or a weight of 2,400 pounds. Which of thefollowing systems of inequalities represents thisrelationship?

A)⎧⎨⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪

x yx y40 + 65 ≤ 2,400

+ ≤ 45

B)x y

x y40

+65

≤ 2,400

+ ≤ 45

⎧⎨⎪⎪⎪

⎩⎪⎪⎪

C)x y

x y40 + 65 ≤ 45

+ ≤ 2,400⎧⎨⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪

D)⎧⎨⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪

x yx y

+ ≤ 2,40040 + 65 ≤ 2,400

10

A function f satisfies f (2) = 3 and f (3) = 5. Afunction g satisfies g(3) = 2 and g(5) = 6. What isthe value of f g( (3)) ?

A) 2B) 3C) 5D) 6

11

Number of hours Tony plans to read thenovel per day 3Number of parts in the novel 8Number of chapters in the novel 239Number of words Tony reads per minute 250Number of pages in the novel 1,078Number of words in the novel 349,168

Tony is planning to read a novel. The table aboveshows information about the novel, Tony’s readingspeed, and the amount of time he plans to spendreading the novel each day. If Tony reads at the ratesgiven in the table, which of the following is closest tothe number of days it would take Tony to read theentire novel?

A) 6B) 8C) 23D) 324

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12

On January 1, 2000, there were 175,000 tons of trashin a landfill that had a capacity of 325,000 tons. Eachyear since then, the amount of trash in the landfillincreased by 7,500 tons. If y represents the time, inyears, after January 1, 2000, which of the followinginequalities describes the set of years where thelandfill is at or above capacity?

A) y325,000 − 7,500 ≤B) y325,000 ≤ 7,500C) y150,000 ≥ 7,500D) y175,000 + 7,500 ≥ 325,000

13

A researcher conducted a survey to determinewhether people in a certain large town preferwatching sports on television to attending thesporting event. The researcher asked 117 people whovisited a local restaurant on a Saturday, and 7 peoplerefused to respond. Which of the following factorsmakes it least likely that a reliable conclusion can bedrawn about the sports-watching preferences of allpeople in the town?

A) Sample sizeB) Population sizeC) The number of people who refused to respondD) Where the survey was given

14

1000

200300400500600

Num

ber o

f mile

s tra

veled

(b

illio

ns)

Year

Miles Traveled by Air Passengersin Country X, 1960 to 2005

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

According to the line of best fit in the scatterplotabove, which of the following best approximates theyear in which the number of miles traveled by airpassengers in Country X was estimated to be550 billion?

A) 1997B) 2000C) 2003D) 2008

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15

The distance traveled by Earth in one orbit aroundthe Sun is about 580,000,000 miles. Earth makesone complete orbit around the Sun in one year. Ofthe following, which is closest to the average speed ofEarth, in miles per hour, as it orbits the Sun?

A) 66,000B) 93,000C) 210,000D) 420,000

16

Passedbar exam

Did not passbar exam

Took review course

Did not takereview course

18

7

82

93

Results on the Bar Exam of Law School Graduates

The table above summarizes the results of 200 lawschool graduates who took the bar exam. If one ofthe surveyed graduates who passed the bar exam ischosen at random for an interview, what is theprobability that the person chosen did not take thereview course?

A)1825

B)725

C)25

200

D)7

200

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17

The atomic weight of an unknown element, inatomic mass units (amu), is approximately 20% lessthan that of calcium. The atomic weight of calciumis 40 amu. Which of the following best approximatesthe atomic weight, in amu, of the unknown element?

A) 8B) 20C) 32D) 48

18

A survey was taken of the value of homes in a county,and it was found that the mean home value was$165,000 and the median home value was $125,000.Which of the following situations could explain thedifference between the mean and median homevalues in the county?

A) The homes have values that are close to eachother.

B) There are a few homes that are valued much lessthan the rest.

C) There are a few homes that are valued muchmore than the rest.

D) Many of the homes have values between$125,000 and $165,000.

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▼Questions 19 and 20 refer to the followinginformation.

A sociologist chose 300 students at random from each oftwo schools and asked each student how many siblings heor she has. The results are shown in the table below.

Number ofsiblings

0

1

2

3

4

LincolnSchool

120

80

60

30

10

WashingtonSchool

140

110

30

10

10

Students! Sibling Survey

There are a total of 2,400 students at Lincoln School and3,300 students at Washington School.

19

What is the median number of siblings for all thestudents surveyed?

A) 0B) 1C) 2D) 3

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20

Based on the survey data, which of the followingmost accurately compares the expected total numberof students with 4 siblings at the two schools?

A) The total number of students with 4 siblings isexpected to be equal at the two schools.

B) The total number of students with 4 siblings atLincoln School is expected to be 30 more than atWashington School.

C) The total number of students with 4 siblings atWashington School is expected to be 30 morethan at Lincoln School.

D) The total number of students with 4 siblings atWashington School is expected to be 900 morethan at Lincoln School.

▲

21

A project manager estimates that a project will takex hours to complete, where x > 100. The goal is forthe estimate to be within 10 hours of the time it willactually take to complete the project. If the managermeets the goal and it takes y hours to complete theproject, which of the following inequalitiesrepresents the relationship between the estimatedtime and the actual completion time?

A) x y+ < 10B) y x> + 10C) y x< − 10D) y x−10 < − < 10

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IPπr

=4 2

At a large distance r from a radio antenna, the intensityof the radio signal I is related to the power of thesignal P by the formula above.

22

Which of the following expresses the square of thedistance from the radio antenna in terms of theintensity of the radio signal and the power of thesignal?

A) rIPπ

=4

2

B) rPπI

=4

2

C) rπIP

=42

D) rIπP

=4

2

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23

For the same signal emitted by a radio antenna,Observer A measures its intensity to be 16 times theintensity measured by Observer B. The distance ofObserver A from the radio antenna is what fractionof the distance of Observer B from the radioantenna?

A)14

B)1

16

C)1

64

D)1

256

▲

24

x y x y+ + 4 − 2 = −12 2

The equation of a circle in the xy-plane is shownabove. What is the radius of the circle?

A) 2B) 3C) 4D) 9

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25

The graph of the linear function f has intercepts ata( , 0) and b(0, ) in the xy-plane. If a b+ = 0 and

a b≠ , which of the following is true about the slopeof the graph of f ?

A) It is positive.B) It is negative.C) It equals zero.D) It is undefined.

26

Ox

y

1

1

y = f(x)

The complete graph of the function f is shown in thexy-plane above. Which of the following areequal to 1 ?

I. f (−4)

II.⎛⎝⎜⎜⎜

⎞⎠⎟⎟⎟f

32

III. f (3)

A) III onlyB) I and III onlyC) II and III onlyD) I, II, and III

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27

Tem

pera

ture

(!C)

Time (minutes)

20

00

40

6070

10

30

50

10 30 50 70604020

non! insulatedinsulated

Two samples of water of equal mass are heated to60 degrees Celsius (°C). One sample is poured intoan insulated container, and the other sample ispoured into a non-insulated container. The samplesare then left for 70 minutes to cool in a room havinga temperature of 25°C. The graph above shows thetemperature of each sample at 10-minute intervals.Which of the following statements correctlycompares the average rates at which the temperaturesof the two samples change?

A) In every 10-minute interval, the magnitude ofthe rate of change of temperature of theinsulated sample is greater than that of thenon-insulated sample.

B) In every 10-minute interval, the magnitude ofthe rate of change of temperature of thenon-insulated sample is greater than that of theinsulated sample.

C) In the intervals from 0 to 10 minutes and from10 to 20 minutes, the rates of change oftemperature of the insulated sample are ofgreater magnitude, whereas in the intervals from40 to 50 minutes and from 50 to 60 minutes, therates of change of temperature of thenon-insulated sample are of greater magnitude.

D) In the intervals from 0 to 10 minutes and from10 to 20 minutes, the rates of change oftemperature of the non-insulated sample are ofgreater magnitude, whereas in the intervals from40 to 50 minutes and from 50 to 60 minutes, therates of change of temperature of the insulatedsample are of greater magnitude.

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28

E x

C

D

B

y

! 2! 4! 6 2 4 6

2

4

6

! 2

! 4

! 6

A

In the xy-plane above, ABCD is a square andpoint E is the center of the square. The coordinatesof points C and E are (7, 2) and (1, 0),respectively. Which of the following is an equationof the line that passes through points B and D ?

A) y x= −3 − 1

B) y x= −3( − 1)

C) y x= −13

+ 4

D) y x= −13

− 1

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29

yy ax b

= 3= +2

In the system of equations above, a and b areconstants. For which of the following values of aand b does the system of equations have exactly tworeal solutions?

A) a = −2, b = 2

B) a = −2, b = 4

C) a = 2, b = 4

D) a = 4, b = 3

30

The figure above shows a regular hexagon with sidesof length a and a square with sides of length a. Ifthe area of the hexagon is 384 3 square inches,what is the area, in square inches, of the square?

A) 256B) 192

C) 64 3

D) 16 3

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23456789

23456789

23456789

23456789

Grid inresult.

Fractionline

Writeanswerin boxes.

solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid, as describedbelow, on the answer sheet.

1. Although not required, it is suggested that you write your answer in the boxes at the top of the columns to help you fill in the circles accurately. You will receive credit only if the circles are filled in correctly.2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.3. No question has a negative answer.4. Some problems may have more than one correct answer. In such cases, grid only one answer.

5. Mixed numbers such as must be gridded

as 3.5 or 7/2. (If is entered into the

grid, it will be interpreted as , not .)

6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal answer with more digits than the grid can accommodate, it may be either rounded or truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.

Answer:

Acceptable ways to grid are:

712

312

12

3

12

3 23

Decimalpoint

10

. . . .

101

01

//7 1/ 2

Answer: 2.5

10

. . . .

23456789

1

3456789

0123456789

0123456789

//.2 5

2

10

. . . .

23456789

123456789

0123456789

0123456789

///2 3

10

. . . .

23456789

123456789

0123456789

0123456789

//66. .6

10

. . . .

23456789

123456789

0123456789

0123456789

//66 7

Answer: 201 – either position is correct

10

. . . .

23

123

0123

0123

//02 1

10

. . . .

23

123

0123

0123

//102

DIRECTIONS

67777778888888

67777778888888

67777778888888

67777778888888

67777778888888

7777778888888

7777778888888

7777778888888

67777778888888

7777778888888

7777778888888

6

8888888

222233333333 33333333

222233333333

22223333333 33333333

222233333333

222233333333

22223333333

//

3 /1 2//

NOTE: You may start your answers in any column, space permitting. Columns you don’t need to use should be left blank.

4 4

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. CO NTI N U E50

For questions 31-38,

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31

A coastal geologist estimates that a certain country’sbeaches are eroding at a rate of 1.5 feet per year.According to the geologist’s estimate, how long will ittake, in years, for the country’s beaches to erode by21 feet?

32

If h hours and 30 minutes is equal to 450 minutes,what is the value of h ?

33

In the xy-plane, the point (3, 6) lies on the graph ofthe function f x x bx( ) = 3 − + 122 . What is the valueof b ?

34

In one semester, Doug and Laura spent a combined250 hours in the tutoring lab. If Doug spent 40 morehours in the lab than Laura did, how many hours didLaura spend in the lab?

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35

a t= 18 + 15

Jane made an initial deposit to a savings account.Each week thereafter she deposited a fixed amountto the account. The equation above models theamount a, in dollars, that Jane has deposited aftert weekly deposits. According to the model, howmany dollars was Jane’s initial deposit? (Disregardthe $ sign when gridding your answer.)

36

O

L

N

M60!

In the figure above, point O is the center of thecircle, line segments LM and MN are tangent to thecircle at points L and N, respectively, and thesegments intersect at point M as shown. If thecircumference of the circle is 96, what is the length ofminor arc pLN ?

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A botanist is cultivating a rare species of plant in acontrolled environment and currently has 3000 of theseplants. The population of this species that the botanistexpects to grow next year, Nnext year, can be estimatedfrom the number of plants this year, Nthis year , by theequation below.

( )N N NN

K= + 0.2 1 −next year this year this year

this year⎛

⎝⎜⎜⎜⎜

⎞

⎠⎟⎟⎟⎟

The constant K in this formula is the number of plantsthe environment is able to support.

37

According to the formula, what will be the number ofplants two years from now if K = 4000 ? (Roundyour answer to the nearest whole number.)

38

The botanist would like to increase the number ofplants that the environment can support so that thepopulation of the species will increase more rapidly.If the botanist’s goal is that the number of plants willincrease from 3000 this year to 3360 next year, howmany plants must the modified environmentsupport?

▲

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Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 53



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FrequentlyAskedQuestions1.WhatisthePSAT/NMQST?ThePreliminarySAT(PSAT)orTheNationalMeritQualifyingScholarshipTest(NMSQT)isatestthathelpsyoupracticefortheSAT.ForJuniors,thetestenablesstudentstoentertheNationalMeritScholarshipCorporation(NMSC)scholarshipprogram.2.HowmanytimescanItakethetest?YoucantakethePSATonceayearinOctoberasasophomoreandajunior.3.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheSATandPSAT?Thereareimportantdifferencesbetweenthetwoexams.First,thePSATisshorterthantheSAT.Second,itdoesnotincludeanessayquestion.Third,thePSATdoesnottestmorecomplextopicssuchasimaginarynumbersortrigonometry.4.HowdoIregisterforthePSAT?AllMittysophomoresandjuniorsareautomaticallyregisteredforthetest.YouwilltakethePSAT/NMQSTonWednesday,October11,2017.5.CanIguessonthePSAT?Yes.Thereisnopenaltyforwronganswers,sodonotleaveaPSATquestionblank!6.DocollegescareaboutmyPSATscores?PSATscoresareNEVERusedforcollegeadmissions.IfyouwererecognizedasaCommendedorNationalMeritScholar,youcanreporttherecognitiononyourcollegeapplications.7.HowdoIgetmyscores?PSATscoresandtestbookletswillbemailedtostudentsinJanuary2018.

junior psat training packet 2017-18 - archbishop mitty ... student packet.pdf · junior psat...

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