junior 030110 govt skills manual[1]

7/30/2019 Junior 030110 Govt Skills Manual[1]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/junior-030110-govt-skills-manual1 1/17

SkillsManual

www.SCHOLASTIC.COm/junIOrSCHOLASTIC

the

21st centurygovernments in action



D Th,Welcome to “21st Century Governments in Action,”

a new online skills manual from Junior Scholastic .

You can use these reproducibles to help your students

learn about the different kinds of governments around

the world, how they work, and how they affectpeople’s lives.

The manual includes 15 readings and quizzes on

the way governments work in different countries, from

long-established nations such as France and China to

unstable hot spots such as Afghanistan. We examine

types of governments from parliamentary democracies

to one-party states.

These reproducibles will help your students

hone their skills in reading charts and chronologies,

making inferences from context, distinguishing fact

from opinion, and developing critical-thinking skills.Your students will also read and analyze excerpts

from primary sources, including U.S. President

Barack Obama’s speech in Ghana last July, a Human

Rights Watch report on Myanmar, and The Green

Book, Libyan leader Muammar al-Qaddafi’s blueprint

for dictatorship.

In our increasingly interconnected world, it is more

important than ever for students to understand other

nations, whether it be the multiparty democracy of our

neighbor Mexico or the revived autocracy in Russia.

We hope that you will find this manual useful.

Sincerely,

Suzanne McCabe, Editor

21 Century

Governments in ACtiononline SkillS Manual

conTenTS21st cenTury GovernMenTS

in acTion reproDucibleS

radg a Cha: utd Stts 3udadg Ccl Gaph: Mx 4

Dghg Fac F op: vz 5

makg Cc: F 6

ug C Cl: lhtst 7

radg a Chlg: rss 8

Ccal thkg/Dc-Bad

Q: bs 9ipg Daa/makg ifc: ch 10

radg a Chlg: afghst 11

ug C Cl/Dc-BadQ: Mm 12

ug C Cl: Sth af 13

ipg Pa sc: Gh 14

ipg Pa sc: l 15radg Cph: ast 16

ug a v Daga: Sm 17

Shst i gts th-sss t Junior Scholastic mss t d ths 21st ct Gmts Ss M f s th ssms cght © 2010 Shst i ScHolaSTic, Junior ScHolaSTic, d ssted desgs e tdemks/ egsteed tde-

mks f Shst i a ghts sd

scholastic.com/juniorscholastic

edt ddss: Junior ScholaStic, 557 bdw, nw y, ny 10012-3999 j@shstmcstm-s qs: 1-800-ScHolaSTic wwwshstm/stst



uniteD stAtespreSiDenTial-leGiSlaTive DeMocracy

1. Hw m hs m th utd Sttsgmt?A th f sx D

2. i whh h ds jst s h thmst wd-gg st f dts?A xt jd

gstD Th t q

3. nm w tht th cgss d thSm ct xs th psdtA f hgh- xt h ds ssg f ws f th psdt t h f Sm ct JstsD m f psdt v psdt

fm ff

4. Whh f th fwg sttmts t dtmd sg ths ht? (chs s ms )A cgss m th psdt

fm ff cgss s m wf th th psdt cgss s m wf th th

Sm ctD cgss ms ws

5. Whh f ths sttmts s t?

(chs s m s )A Th cgss fs th ws f th

utd Stts Th psdt fs th ws f th

utd Stts Th Sm ct fs th ws f th

utd SttsD Th Sm ct ws ws t m s

th sttt

7 Pdal-lgla dcac: An elected President leads the government, sharing power with alegislature and the courts.

DireCtions: Fll h ccl f h b aw.

reADinG A CHArt 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

th shag ad spaa f Pw

21s Cy Gvms Ac Sks Maa • Junior SCholAStiC 3

PresiDent(ec Bach)• leads the executive branch,

enforces laws, and carries outgovernmental obligations

• leads the military

• directs foreign policy• signs or vetoes bills passed by

Congress

• appoints members of theSupreme Court

• represents the U.S. govern-ment before the world

ConGress(Lgla Bach)• passes bills that can

become laws

• impeaches and removes thePresident or Vice President,

if necessary• declares war

• approves treaties

• approves Supreme Courtnominees

• approves top-level executivebranch leaders

suPreme Court(Jdcal Bach)• reviews laws and regulations

to see if they are constitu-tional (complying with theU.S. Constitution)

• serves as the country’s topappeals court

• Chief Justice presides at anytrial to remove the Presidentor Vice President


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/junior-030110-govt-skills-manual1 4/174 Junior SCholAStiC • 21s Cy Gvms Ac Sks Maa

mexiCopreSiDenTial-leGiSlaTive DeMocracy


unDerstAnDinG CirCLe GrAPHs 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

1. Whh ddt w th 2006 sdt t? _____________________________

2. T whh t dd h g? ___________________________________________________________________

3. Wht sh f th t dd h gt? __________________________________________________________

4. Whh t g dmtd Mx ts? ________________________________________

5. Whh t w th sd-mst ts th sdt t?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Wh s tht t’s d? __________________________________________________________________________

7. Whh t dmtd th chm f Dts ft th 2009

t? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Dd t w m th hf tht hm’s sts? _____________________

9. it ts mjt f ts t ss thgh Mx’s cgss

W th dg t h gh sts t ss s ts w, w

t d h fm mms f th ts? _____________________________________________

10. Whh t d ws mst t dst th sdt

t sts d wh? ________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

DireCtions: W aw h l pdd.

Mx’s t sstm shs m smts wth tht f th utd Stts nt ts dd whh tts w t th xt d gst hs

Th isttt rt pt (pri) dmtd Mx tsf 70 s bt s 2000, th ts h gd w—t th nt at pt (pan) d th Dmtrt pt (prD) Th ghs t ght shw th sts f th mst t ts f Mx’s sd d chm f

Dts— t f Mx’s cgss sm t th uS Hs f rstts us th ghs t sw th qsts w PAn

15,000,28435.9%

PrD14,756,350

35.3%Pri

9,301,44122.3%

nw Allac401,804

1%

Alaa1,128,850

2.7%

mc’ Pdalelc, 2006

(b ad pc*f p plcal pa)

Pri241

PAn147

PrD72

nw Allac8

G17

mc’ Chab f Dp, 2009

(b f bp plcal pa)

Lab9

Cgc6

PAn lad: Flp CaldóPrD lad: Adé mal Lóp obadPri lad: rb mada Pad

*tas 100% f v w 0.7% f gsdcaddas ad 2.1% f vad as a cdd.

S o u r C e : W w W l s i a a l C f S c l a s M x

c i s

S o u r C e : W w W l s i a a l C

f S c l a s M x c i s


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/junior-030110-govt-skills-manual1 5/1721s Cy Gvms Ac Sks Maa • Junior SCholAStiC 5

venezueLA preSiDenTial-leGiSlaTive DeMocracy

______ 1. o s vz’s gtst s f m

______ 2. cház s th st hm f vz’s

______ 3. cház ss s xst g w

______ 4. it s shm tht th 2002 t ttmtgst cház dd t sd

______ 5. cház ss tht ts wh tzhm g d hs ms

______ 6. cház’s “21st-t ssm” hs gd f vz

______ 7. pt s st ss m vz

______ 8. cház shd t h t vz’s dst

______ 9. cház d psdt Gg W bsh“th d” sh f th un

______ 10. Tss tw vz d th uSdd t g wth th un sh


DireCtions: rad h paag ab vla’ g. th h c ha fllw, dcd whh ach a a fac a p. W F f a fac O f a p ach l pdd.

DistinGuisHinG FACt From oPinion 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

President Hugo Chávez has

dominated Venezuela’s politics

for the past decade. First elected

in 1998, Chávez prides himself on

championing the rights of poor

people. Chávez’s critics say that

he uses the support of the poor to

build more power for himself. The

President’s enemies tried to remove

him from office in a 2002 takeover

attempt. However, he returned

quickly and was re-elected in 2006.

Chávez calls his plan for

government “21st-century

socialism.” In 2007, he ordered the

government to “nationalize,” or take

over, the oil industry—the country’s

main moneymaker. Chávez has

built on his efforts to increase the

government’s power by nationalizing

communications, electricity, cement,

and steel companies. He has said

that these actions were taken to

help the poor, but poverty remains a

serious problem.

Chávez has many critics at home.

He argues that hostile reporters are

being paid by his enemies. Chávez

is himself an outspoken critic of

the U.S. In 2006, he called U.S.

President George W. Bush “the

devil” in a speech before the United

Nations (UN). This has increased

tensions between the two countries.

vla ud Hg Chá



FrAnCepreSiDenTial-parliaMenTary DeMocracy

_______ 1. Th mst wf s th Fhgmt s (A) cstttc mm; (B) th psdt;(C) th pm Mst

_______ 2. Th ff ff hg f F’sdmst s th (A) cstttc; (B) psdt; (C) pm Mst

_______ 3. Whh hs f pmt s m wf?

(A) csttt c; (B) nt assm; (C) St

_______ 4. Th pmt s ss f (A) hgth stttt f ws; (B) tg wws; (C) tg ws

_______ 5. Th csttt c s ss f(A) tg th psdt; (B) hg thstttt f ws; (C) fg

_______ 6. F’s psdt s th t’s(A) hf xt; (B) hd f gmt;(C) gst d

_______ 7. Th pm Mst s F’s (A) hf xt; (B) hd f gmt;(C) d f th St

_______ 8. Th pm Mst gs t th mjtt f th (A) csttt c;

(B) nt assm; (C) St

_______ 9. Th psdt ts (A) mms f thnt assm; (B) mms f thSt; (C) th pm Mst

_______ 10. Th csttt c s td th psdt d (A) t mms f th csttt c; (B) ds f pmt; (C) th pm Mst

7 Pdal-palaa dcac: Authority is split between an elected President (head of state)and a Prime Minister (head of government). Parliament plays a significant role in choosing these leaders.

DireCtions: rad h paag ab. th w h l f h cc aw ach l pdd.

mAKinG ConneCtions 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

th Fch G• The President is the elected chief executive and

France’s most powerful politician. The current

President is Nicolas Sarkozy (nee-koh-LAH

sar-koh-ZEE), who was elected in 2007 for a

five-year term. The President controls foreign

policy and defense. He also appoints the Prime

Minister, with the approval of Parliament.

• The Prime Minister functions as the head of

government. He is in charge of domestic policy.

The Prime Minister belongs to the majority

party in the National Assembly (see “The

Parliament”). The current Prime Minister is

François Fillon (frahn-SWAH fee-YONE).

• Parliament is the legislative (law-making)

branch of government. It is composed of two

chambers: the National Assembly, whose

members are elected to five-year terms; and the

Senate, which is chosen by an electoral college

made up of other elected officials. The National

Assembly has more power over legislation than

the Senate, but the President has the power to

dissolve that body by calling for new elections.

• The Constitutional Council rules on the

constitutionality of laws. Its members are

appointed by the President and both chambers

of Parliament for nine-year terms.



LieCHtensteinconSTiTuTional MonarcHy

DireCtions: sd h bf acl blw. o ach blak l, w h apppa wd f h cabla l,bad h c f h dg wd. note:Minister a c f a hgh-akg ffcal.

M A p b y J i M

M C M A h o n / M A p M A n ™

usinG Context CLues 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

l

iechtenstein is a tiny country in Europe that is

no bigger than Washington, D.C. Its government,

based on shared responsibilities, is made up of

five (1) _______________________, including the Prime Minister. All of these people are appointed by the

(2) _______________________, upon the approval of Parliament.

Prince Hans-Adam II is the current head of state. He represents the country in (3) ______________________

affairs. He signs (4) _______________________ treaties. But those treaties are (5) _______________________

only if approved by Parliament. The Prince has several other powers, which include calling and dismissing

(6) _______________________. He also (7) _______________________ candidates for the Supreme Court.

The Prince shares power with Liechtenstein’s (8) _______________________ Parliament. Citizens vote

for members of Parliament directly. As with the Prince, the duties of Parliament are laid out in Liechten-

stein’s (9) _______________________. Parliament’s main job is to pass (10) _______________________.

But it also names top members of the (11) _______________________. Parliament sets the country’s

budget and approves new (12) _______________________. Under Liechtenstein’s constitution, voters

can reverse a parliamentary (13) _______________________. To do so, they must collect at least 1,000

(14) _______________________ on a petition. They must collect 1,500 of them to propose a constitutional

(15) _______________________ or vote on a treaty.

U.S.U.S.

EQUATOR

R h i n

e R

i v e r

SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA

LIECHTENSTEIN

Vaduz

Balzers0 3 MI

0 3 KM

Triesen

Schaan

Eschen

LIECHTENSTEIN

EUROPEEUROPE

ad

c

dc

lcd

fg

g

aal

lawfl

law

a

Pala

Pc

ga

a

vcabla L

7 Cal ach: A King or other monarch is head of state, with limited power in a civiliangovernment, as defined by a country’s constitution. Most power is held by a Parliament and Prime Minister.



russiA DoMinanT parTy

1. Wht sttt td th gmtf th St u?

2. i wht dd th St u t?

3. Wht s gmt f st d?

4. Wh ws rss’s fst psdt?

5. Wht md m rsss f t smm th cmmst pt fd?

6. Whh d std stt t rss?

7. Wht hs sdd th cmmst pt sth dmt w rss?

8. Wh mght sm dt th fss f th2008 ts?

9. c gmt dsd s “dmt t” t dm? ex sw

10. ud wht msts wd sdst m mtt th st fdm?Wht fdms wd sd?ex

7Da pa: A system in which one political party rules. Other parties may exist but have relativelylittle power.

DireCtions: W aw a paa h f pap.

reADinG A CHronoLoGy 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

rss hs g hst s t d ws tht f m F

mst f th 20th t, t wst f th St u, msscmmst t tht sd mst f est e Thcmmst pt tght td sts f ts gmt dstt mtd s fdmsDds f cmmst t ft th St md st shmsrsss g t sst Stt F, th St u t d rss m t g bt ftth w fd fm cmmstt (gmt f st), m rsss m t

m th f th stgt—utd rss us thst hg t sw thqsts tht fw

ra Chlg1991: Demanding more independence from the Soviet Union,Russians vote to have their own President. Boris Yeltsin is the first tobe elected. Communist Party hardliners, resisting recent reforms, seizethe Soviet government. Yeltsin helps defeat them and bans the party inRussia. As the year ends, the Soviet Union breaks into 15 countries.

1996: Russia emerges from Communism with a democraticsystem. But inept government oversight causes Russia’s economyto plunge into chaos. Violent crime runs unchecked. Many Russiansopenly long for the days of the Communist Party’s absolute control.

2000: Vladimir Putin of the United Russia Party wins the firstof two elections for President. Putin brings stability to Russia’seconomy and cracks down on crime. But he also revives Soviet-styleautocracy by controlling the media and arresting protesters.

2008: Constitutionally unable to run for President again, Putinnames Dmitry Medvedev of United Russia as his successor. Electionsare tightly controlled, and most opposition parties are banned from theballot. After Medvedev is elected, he appoints Putin Prime Minister.

2009: United Russia overwhelmingly wins regional elections, but isaccused of widespread fraud. President Medvedev surprises many bytelling his party’s leaders they must learn to win elections honestly.Russians and outsiders wonder if further reforms are possible.



BeLAruspreSiDenTial DicTaTorSHip

1. idtf ws tht g th psdt t

th gst h ________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2. idtf ws tht g th psdt t

th xt h _______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Whh tw ws wd mst sf t th

psdt stg tsts gst th

gmt? _________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Whh ws wd g th psdt t

t gmts? _______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Whh f th ws d ss wd

th mst mtt gg th psdt dtt

w? Whh d th wd sf t

dtt? G ss f sws

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 Pdal dcahp: A President has almost complete power.


CritiCAL tHinKinG/DoCument-BAseD Questions 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

bs gd tsdd wh thSt u

1991 S 1994, bshs d psdt asd lsh Thtsm , bs dtd sttt tht g thpsdt tght t th gmt d th at ght 11 f th m th 30 ss sdt w fm ats 84 d 85 f thbs sttt rdthm, th sw thqsts w

• can dissolve Parliament

• can hire and fire the heads of all

government agencies

• appoints the Prime Minister

(who runs the executive branch)

with the approval of Parliament’s

House of Representatives

• can impose a state of emergency

on all or part of the country

if the President suspects that

“unrest” might turn violent; can

also impose martial law (military

suspension of civilian government

and normal constitutional rights)

• can abolish acts of Parliament

• can grant pardons to people

convicted of crimes

• can appoint and fire Supreme

Court and other upper-level judges

• can set aside laws made by local

governments

• is commander-in-chief of the

armed forces

• can issue decrees that have the

force of law nationwide

SourCe: Msy f Fg Affasf rc f bas W s

Accdg h BlaC, h Pd:



CHinA coMMuniST one-parTy STaTe

1. Wh dd ch t th -hd ?

2. Wht s ch's t xtd t

2033?

3. b 2020, t hw m m m th wm

w th ch?

4. Th m f ch gd 60 d d

w s t hw m 2040?

5. Wht s th gtst dff m f

s ss m f gs ch,

100 gs?

6. Wht s th dmt f ch’s gmt?

7. Wh d ss ams g t dt

h td td t ch t s?

8. Hw h m s sd ch t

mdf ts cmmst sstm?

9. ch hs m m s th g

s Wht m(s) mght ths s

mg s?

10. Wht ms mght th gg f ch’s

t s?

7 C -pa a: A government based on state (national) ownership of land and businesses.The Communist Party is the only political party with power. In recent years, China has relaxed its absolute

hold over businesses in order to boost the economy, but it still controls most aspects of people’s lives.

DireCtions: W aw a paa h f pap.

interPretinG DAtA/mAKinG inFerenCes 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

S 1979, ch hs hd -hd--fm Fms hgm th hd wd fs

st th mst ffdTh g cmmst pt td

ths t sw ch’s d tgwth offs wd tht wdg

wd st fd ss d thss tm Th hs sdts s t sd w msch s t dg gh g t hd th js tht w m twh th d gt ts as, thtdt f f s gshs d t m gs g dd,sg g m tw msd fms i 2007, gmt tsd ms t th stt Std

sm fts fm th t t ght,th sw th qsts w

• With 1.3 billion people,

China is the most

populated country

in the world.

• The one-child policy has

discouraged 250 million

to 300 million births.

• In 2008, China had about

118 boys for every 100

girls. That was up from 110

boys to 100 girls in 2000.

• Some parts of China have

up to 130 boys for every

100 girls.

• By 2020, there will be

30 million more men than

women in China.

• China’s current

population is expected

to grow another

200 million by 2033.

• The number of Chinese

aged 60 and older will

jump from 143 million

currently to 430 million

in 2040.

SourCe: Cs Sa pa adFamy pag Cmmss; nws Accs

Fa Fac Ab Cha’o-Chld Plc



AFGHAnistAnTranSiTional GovernMenT

7 taal: In the process of changing from one form of government to another.

reADinG A CHronoLoGy 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

DireCtions: W aw apaa h f pap.

a fghst s Msmt sthwst asi 1979, th St u dd

afghst t cmmstgmt gst afgh s athgh th Sts g g, afghst ms t ftdds t us th t hg(at right) f t st tst tsw th qsts w

1. True or false: Th utd Sttsdd afghst 1979

2. Wht d f gmt dd afghst h th?

3. Hw g dd th dg f f

1979 st afghst?

4. Wht w th fghts whttd th ds d?

5. Wh ws a Qd fst fmd?

6. Wh dd fghtg t ftth ds f 1979 ft?

7. Wht g th t t?

8. Wht sd f dd afghst d wh?

9. Wh mght sm stht afghst s t tdmt?

10. Hw g “ tst” st gt?

Afghaa Chlg

1980: Bands of resistance fighters called mujahedeen

(moo-jah-hih-DEEN) form in Afghanistan to oppose the

Soviets. The U.S., Saudi Arabia, and other countries aid them

with money, training, and arms. So do fellow Muslims from

around the Middle East.

1988: A Saudi millionaire named Osama bin Laden forms

an organization called Al Qaeda to aid the mujahedeen. For

bin Laden, a strict Muslim, the struggle is a holy war.

1989: The Soviets pull out of Afghanistan in defeat. The

war continues even after the Soviets and the U.S. withdraw

support from their respective sides of the fighting.

1992: The Communist government falls to the rebels. But

the mujahedeen split into rival factions, igniting civil war.

1995: A radical Muslim group called the Taliban takes

over most of Afghanistan, enforcing a harsh interpretation of

Islamic law.

1996: Bin Laden extends his holy war to target the U.S.

and other countries. He begins running Al Qaeda terrorist

training camps in Afghanistan, protected by the Taliban.

2001: Al Qaeda terrorists attack the World Trade Center and

the Pentagon in the U.S. on September 11, killing nearly 3,000

people. When the Taliban refuse to give bin Laden up, the U.S.-

led forces invade Afghanistan, driving the Taliban from power.

2004: With U.S. assistance, Afghanistan adopts a

democratic constitution. Voters elect pro-Western candidate

Hamid Karzai as President. But the Taliban makes a strong

comeback. War continues to plague the Afghan people.

2009: Despite an increased number of U.S. troops, the

Taliban continues to make gains. Karzai is re-elected in

August, but is accused of massive vote fraud. Pressure builds

on him to clean up a corrupt government. In December, U.S.

President Barack Obama promises more troops for a limited

time, saying “Afghans will have to take responsibility for

their own security.”



myAnmArMiliTary rule

_______ 1. cal: (A) t ; (B) s; (C) mth sm; (D) s sh

_______ 2. dplac: (A) dg mt; (B) hdt s; (C) hst; (D) d tt gtts

_______ 3. f: (A) m stg; (B) m

w; (C) hg t; (D) m th sm

_______ 4. da: (A) m-g; (B) gtt wth; (C) st; (D) tht f , hm, shmt

_______ 5. ha: (A) d; (B) h; (C) ; (D) sf

_______ 6. Th st s mt t (A) tt;(B) dsgg; (C) hf; (D) ssg

_______ 7. Th st’s m mssg s (A) ag SS k s th t’s ff d(B) S k s gt s (C) S kshd t d th t (D) S kws gtmt d

_______ 8. Mm’s mt ds h dts f (A) 2010; (B) 2012; (C) 2015;

(D) sfd tm th ft

_______ 9. Mm’s m tt sts dt d (A) ch; (B) id; (C) rss;(D) th utd Stts

_______ 10. cdts f S k d h stsh (A) m mh tt; (B) msmwht tt; (C) m ws;(D) md t th sm

7mla l: The leader of a country’s armed forces controls the government.

DireCtions: F q 1-5 w h l f h pha ha b df ach bldfacd wd h cp. F q 6-10 w h l f h cc aw.

usinG Context CLues/DoCument-BAseD Questions 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

Burma’s military government has

announced elections for 2010, as

the next step in their “road map

to democracy,” a sham political

process that has dragged on for

more than 15 years. Most of

Burma’s main trading partners and

diplomatic supporters—China,

India, Thailand, Singapore, andRussia—have repeatedly expressed

support for the “process.” But in

the past two years, arrests and

intimidation of political activists have intensified. The

number of political prisoners has doubled, offices of

Aung San Suu Kyi’s opposition . . . party have been

forcibly closed, and freedom[s] of expression, assembly,

and association have been sharply curtailed.

i 1988, th mt szd t f th Sthst as t f bm a jt (mt g) ssdd

bm’s sttt gmtd hgd th t’s m tMm i 1990, th nt lgf Dm, d ag S S k(ong sahn soo chee), w dsd t ts Th jt fsd th th sts istd, t d dw dmt tsts, stg S kd m f h sts Td, th jt, d G Th Shw, ts tstght t S k ms d hsst at ght s -S k st,g wth xt fm t Hm rghts Wth ffts t stdm ths td t

SourCe: hma rgs Wac S h e p A r d F A i r e y / h u M A n r i G h t S A C t i o n C e n t e r



soutH AFriCA parliaMenTary DeMocracy

_______ 1. apahd: (A) tss; (B) gg

tgth; (C) mmttg m;(D) fd stg

_______ 2. cp: (A) m gwth;(B) st f th s; (C) whts-gmt; (D) wgdg ffs

_______ 3. pdc: (A) m hdsh;(B) gwth; (C) hgh mmt;(D) d sdg dss s

_______ 4. ccla: (A) gg tgth;

(B) dg t; (C) g f ; (D) whts- gmt

_______ 5. gga: (A) gg tgth;(B) mmss f m; (C) fdstg; (D) st f th s

7 Palaa dcac: The Parliament chooses the leader of the executive branch, usually a PrimeMinister. In some countries, this leader is called a Premier or Chancellor—or, in South Africa, a President.

usinG Context CLues 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

DireCtions: W h l f h pha ha b df ach bldfacd wd f hpaag ab.

In 1990, South Africa’s government

released Nelson Mandela from prison.

Mandela, a black attorney, had served nearly

28 years for opposing South Africa’s system

of apartheid (uh-PAR-tate). South Africa’swhites-only government had ruled this way

for decades, even though whites made up a

mere 15 percent of the population.

Apartheid kept each group of South

Africans—black, white, Indian, and mixed-

race—in separate neighborhoods, schools,

buses, and stores. As with segregation in the

United States, blacks had to use the worst

facilities. Mandela’s release symbolized the

fall of apartheid. In 1994, South Africa held

its first multiracial elections. Mandela waselected the country’s first black President.

The country still faced tough issues.

Apartheid had been violently enforced and

violently opposed. To bring people together

as one nation, Mandela created a Truth &

Reconciliation Commission to identify crimes

committed during apartheid.

Today, AIDS is one of South Africa’s most

serious problems. During the presidency of Thabo Mbeki (1999-2008), the government

was accused of doing little to combat the

epidemic. South Africa accounts for some

17 percent of the world’s AIDS cases. By one

estimate, AIDS caused 48 percent of all deaths

in South Africa in 2007. The epidemic has

created about 1.4 million orphans.

South Africa’s economy is strong compared

with those of most other African nations,

but poverty remains a serious issue. Many

uneducated blacks have found it hard toget jobs. Government corruption is also

a problem. Several top officials, including

current President Jacob Zuma, have been

accused of abusing their offices.

sh Afca



GHAnA preSiDenTial-parliaMenTary DeMocracy

1. psdt om ss tht m

gd thgs t af d s ts wht?________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Hw ds om s th Ghs h t

dm “fm ftg”?

________________________________________________________________________________________

3. adg t om, af’s m dmt

dds wht? ___________________________________________________

4. Wht xm f Gh’s “ds” ds th

psdt t s f f dmt st?

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Wht ds om s Ghs t d th

ft? __________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

7 Pdal-palaa dcac: An elected President is chief executive. The legislative branchis headed by a Parliament. (Unlike most presidential-parliamentary democracies, Ghana does not have a

Prime Minister.)

DireCtions: rad h cp a gh fPd obaa’ pch. th aw hq blw h l pdd.

interPretinG PrimAry sourCes 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

Here in Ghana, you show us a face of

Africa that is too often overlooked by a world

that sees only tragedy or the need for charity

[here]. The people of Ghana have worked

hard to put democracy on a firmer footing,

with peaceful transfers of power even in thewake of closely contested elections. And

with improved governance and an emerging

civil society, Ghana’s economy has shown

impressive rates of growth. . . .

To realize [Africa’s] promise, we must

first recognize a fundamental truth that you

have given life to in Ghana: [Economic]

development depends upon good governance.

That is the ingredient which has been missing

in far too many places, for far too long.

That is the change that can unlock Africa’spotential, and that is a responsibility that can

only be met by Africans. . . .

Time and again, Ghanaians have chosen

constitutional rule over autocracy [absolute

rule], and shown a democratic spirit that

allows the energy of your people to break

through. We see that in leaders who accept

defeat graciously, and victors who resist calls

to wield power against the opposition. . . .

Freedom is your inheritance. Now, it is

your responsibility to build upon freedom’sfoundation. If you do, we will look back

years from now to places like Accra [Ghana’s

capital] and say that this was the time

when the promise was realized . . . when

prosperity was forged, pain was overcome,

and a new era of progress began. This can

be the time when we witness the triumph of

justice once more.

from Pd obaa’ spchGh s sm t Wst af l mhf af, t hs td hst wth ests, wh t gd d ss fm t f

ts i 1957, Gh w dd fm thutd kgdm bt dds f mt ts ddttshs fwd F, 1992, Ghsd w sttt d mtt dmi 2000, Gh hd ts fst f sdt hd- f w Td, d psdt Jh att Ms,th t s st dm o J 11, 2009, uSpsdt b om g sh f Gh’spmt, sg th t’s t gss



LiByA DicTaTorSHip

1. Wht gmt sttt ds Qddf s st dmt, d wh? ___________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2. adg t hm, wht d f g t

t t? ______________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Wh d ths fm t?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Wh t mms tg t ? __________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

5. i , hw ds Qddf’s w

f t ts dff fm tht f mst

ams? ____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

7 Dcahp: A single leader holds all power.


interPretinG PrimAry sourCes 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

i 1969, c Mmm-Qddf (moo-AH-mar al-guh-DAFF-ee) d mt

(koo), t, tht szd thgmt f l Td, tht hs G p’scgss d xt tbt Qddf ts tt t th gmt

Qddf hs wtt hs hshf gmt The Green Book it, h jts Wst dm dms tht m f ts sttts ft dmt rd qtsfm th t ght, th swth qsts w

“The [political] party is a [modern] form of dictatorship.

It is the latest modern dictatorial instrument of govern-

ment, whereby the part rules the whole.”

“The party is not a democratic instrument. It is

composed of people who have common interests,

a common outlook or a common culture. . . . Theyform the party to achieve their ends, to impose their

outlook . . . on society as a whole.”

“The purpose of organizing a political party is to create

an instrument with which to govern the people, the

nonparty members of the population.”

from The Green Book



AustrALiA parliaMenTary DeMocracy

1. Wh s ast’s hf xt?

2. Wht s th fd gst d?

3. Wht ts hms d?

4. Wh sds mtgs f ths hms?

5. Wh th gst’s wst-g mms?

6. Whh ff hs w , t tt ft?

7. Wht s th h whs ffs td

dt th ?

8. Wh sts th uk’s Q?

9. bf gg dd, ast d thutd Stts w th wht?

10. Th fd ffs whs mst ssms tht f mms f th uS cgss d wht?

7 Palaa dcac: Voters elect members of Parliament (MPs), the legislative branch of thegovernment. (In Australia, Parliament is composed of the Senate and House of Representatives.) A Prime

Minister, leader of the majority party in the House, heads the government.

DireCtions: o a paa h f pap w h a f h cc ffc/p f ach f hfllwg q.

reADinG ComPreHension 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

tp Jb Aala’ G• Prime Minister: the leader of the political party

or coalition with the most support in the Houseof Representatives. The Prime Minister is

Australia’s chief executive.

• Governor General: the Queen of the United

Kingdom’s representative who, technically,

has supreme executive power. In practice, that

power is held by the Prime Minister, making

the Governor General’s job largely ceremonial.

• Speaker of the House/President of the Senate:

the officials who preside over meetings of the

two chambers of Parliament. (The House has150 members; the Senate has 76.)

• Leader of the opposition: leader of the largest

party that is out of power in the House or

the Senate.

• Minister: a member of the House or Senate who

has been chosen to head a cabinet department,such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

• Shadow Ministers: members of the opposition

party in Parliament. They are called “shadow”

because it is their job to closely study a

specific ministry’s activities and criticize its

shortcomings.

• Backbenchers: the most junior and powerless

members in all parties. Their name comes

from the back benches of Parliament, where

they sit.

• High Court: the judicial branch of Australia’s

federal government. Its seven justices

(including a Chief Justice) are appointed by

the Governor General.

a st ws btsh , d m f ts t tdts td th btshsstm F st, th Q f th utd

kgdm s st ast’s hd f stt, t tht s g m st

rd m t ast’s gmt w



sAmoA parliaMenTary DeMocracy anD TraDiTional cHieFS

M A p b y J i M

M C M A h o n / M A p M A n ™

usinG A venn DiAGrAm 2 1 s t

C e n t u r y

G o v e r n m e

n t s

i n A c t i o n

7 Palaa dcac ad adal chf: Voters elect the members of Parliament (legislature). A

Prime Minister, usually leader of the party with the most

seats in Parliament, heads the government. A body of

tribal leaders also plays a role in government.

U.S.U.S.

EQUATOR

SAMOA

SAMOA

S O U T H P A C I F I C O C E A

N

Apia

SAVAI’I

UPOLU

Taga

Lalomanu0 20 MI

0 20 KM

Sm s t t md f tw m sds th Sth pf o Th t’s st hsttd t stg d mg th ps

wh th Sm f d ts dtgth g f tdts d “th Sm w”

Th th sts t th Sm w Th fsts t hfs, wh th hds f xtdd fmsTh s t ts d shw gtst Th t 18,000 hfs 362 gsd th t Th sd st s th xtddfm tsf Th thd s th chst chh i th1840s, msss ght chstt t Sm it hsm g t f d f

A. Samas d v smy ad sa

sssss w vag ad cc.

B. Ms Sama vags fc a d

f ay ay vg a s

acd y wg a sa s

gg a .

C. p sd avd wakg g a

vag dg vg ays.

D. A s s ss f acs f s

gss. t s may qd ay

a f vag as f a gs

vas csm ady g.

e. p sd sad w vag

ds a sad.

DireCtions: th saa wa ad pf d f dff ad. Blw

a f f h. W h l f ach h apppa c() f h v daga. (s l blg ha cag.)

extenDeDFAmiLy

CHieFs

CHurCH

junior 030110 govt skills manual[1]

Documents