june2012_back to the future with lwd technologies and applications

June 12

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Back to the Future with LWD Technologies & Applications

SPWLA-KUWAIT CHAPTER19th June 2012

Ahmet Aki

2© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Integrating:

- directional drilling

- formation evaluation

Integrating:

- directional drilling

- formation evaluation

FEWD Philosophy…

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• Reconnaissance LoggingOffset Well CorrelationCasing/Coring Point SelectionSeismic CorrelationOverpressure/Shallow Gas DetectionDrilling Optimization

• Formation EvaluationReservoir Characterisation

Insurance LoggingTime Lapse LoggingWireline Log Replacement

• Well PlacementGeosteeringReservoir Model Verification

• Gamma Ray• Basic Resistivity

• 2nd Generation Resistivity• Density/Neutron/FullWave Sonic

• 2nd Generation Resistivity• FullWave Sonic

• 2nd Generation Resistivity• Software/Hardware

• 3rd Generation Resistivity• NMR• FT• Azimuthal GR, Den, Res• At-Bit Sensors

• 3rd/4th Generation Resistivity• NMR• Azimuthal GR, Den, Res• Seismic• At-Bit Sensors

• FT• At-Bit Sensors

80’s 00’s90’s

• Hardware/Software• Telecomms/RTOC

LWD Applications/AdvancesA Historical Perspective

4

Reservoir Characterization

Wellbore Placement Real Time

Drilling Optimization

Delivering optimized drilling performance, accurate evaluation and precise wellbore placement in real time

LWD Industry’s Value Proposition….

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The ADT service provides experienced engineers with specialized knowledge dedicated to improving drilling performance.

The ADT service focuses on three areas of the drilling process

Wellbore IntegrityDrill String Integrity Hydraulics Management




Acoustic Caliper

Drillstring Dynamics Sensor - Vibration

GeoTap

Pressure While Drilling

• MWD/LWD Integration– PWD

– Vibration

– Caliper

– WOB/TOB

– Pore Pressure (KSI)

– Formation Pressures

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LWD Sensors

HPHT

Resistivity Tools Porosity Tools

Other Tools


LWD Resistivity80’s 90’s 00’s

10’s

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RGD Kuwait Case History, 1994


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ADRTM – Azimuthal Deep Resistivity

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Case History – Deep Resistivity Images

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Azimuthally Focussed Resistivity (AFRTM)


LWD Images

GR RHOB AFR

GR RHOB AFR GR RHOB AFR

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Reservoir CharacterizationLWD Image Comparisons



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Reservoir CharacterizationLWD Image QC

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Improved SNRwith 2.67 times

bigger button sizes?

~500Ωm

~1,600Ωm

Reservoir CharacterizationLWD Image QC


QC, AFR

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Reservoir CharacterizationOpen Fracture Picks


Reservoir CharacterizationPartial Fracture Picks

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Reservoir CharacterizationFault Picks


Symmetric Picks – Bedding Pick Highlights

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h

H

B

A

Reservoir CharacterizationBorehole Breakout & Stress Orientation


SPE118139Well Placement

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CAST-V (Wireline) LWD – OBMI

LWD – OBMI


Azi

BATTM Family

Azi

Commercial

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17 ½” Case History

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Stoneley Slowness & Reflectivity

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Azimuth

Slo

wn

ess,

us/

ft

DTC = 57 us/ft

DTC = 80 us/ft

1 ft

Azimuthal Sonic – Modelling….

32

XBAT

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MRIL-WD

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MRIL-WD6 ConfigurationBattery, Capacitor, and Electronics Inserts

Spiral Wear Band

Spiral Wear Band

Magnet

4-1/2” I.F.Connection

300F/150C20,000psi

Data Access Port

11.9m (39’) Length

Sensitive Volume(s)

T1 While Drilling/Wiping – Single FrequencyT2 While Wiping – Dual Frequency

MRIL-WD

† activation set dependent

VolumePosition

(8.5 in hole)

Depth of Investigation

(inch)

OperatingFrequency

(kHz)

Mag. Field Gradient

(gauss/cm)

Average ~ 2.69 490 14

Bit Size(inch)

Drilling Rate Sliding Rate

8 1/2 – 10 5/8 0-23 m/hr0-76 ft/hr

T1 While Drilling(12 sec Tw) †

0-86 m/hr0-283 ft/hr

T2 While Sliding(12 sec Tw) †

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Time/Depth Profile - Mode Switching

Trip In

Drilling

Wiping

Trip Out

• T1 - based Acquisition While Drilling

• T2 - based While Wiping

• Automatic Casing Detection

• Flexible - Can be Changed During Tool Setup

36

Light Oil, Gas & Water

T2 (ms)0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

T2 & T1 Ideal Fluid Distributions

Light Oil, Gas & WaterT1 (ms)

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

1

2Surface2

1

TApp

1

Diffusion

1

2BulkT TT

1 1

1SurfaceT1App

1

T

1BulkT

Hydrogen Index Effects

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T1 Measurement

T1

Magnetization

T1

aInversion

T2

T1 LWD Measurements

Step …

Step 6

Step 5

Step 4

Step 3Step 2

Step 1

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T2 (T1) Distribution - Bins

0.5

1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128

256

512

1024

2048

Bin Center T2 Time

Bin Number1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

T2 Time (ms) 10000.1 1 10 100 10000

Incr

emen

tal

Po

rosi

ty (

p.u

.)

Micro Porosity Capillary Bound Moveable Fluid

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•Total NMR Porosity•Bound & Free Fluid•Permeability Estimate•Micro Porosity

NMR Total Porosity

NMR TotalBound Fluid

NMR Permeability

Estimate

NMR Free Fluid

NMR Total Porosity

NMR CapillaryBound Fluid

NMR Permeability

Estimate

NMR Free Fluid

NMR Total Porosity

NMR Micro Porosity

Real Time T1 While Drilling Field Log

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Case History

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T1 is insensitive to motion while drillingno motion correction required

Simplified relaxation process / no diffusion

Provide Reservoir Quality indications: -NMR Porosity-Effective Porosity-Micro Porosity-Capillary Bound Water-Permeability Estimation

Few Echoes (less power, smaller data sets)

Reduce the need for time/expensive wiping

Used for: -LWD While Drilling-Wireline Logging Measurements-Fluid Analyzer measurements while formation sampling

Why T1? T1 is "Made for" NMR While Drilling


Formation Tester-Fluid ID & Sampling While Drilling

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First Patent, E. C. Johnston 1927 (US Patent 1,709,940)

.. has for its principal object to provide a simple and efficient means for accurately testing sands which are encountered during the drilling of the well.

during the drilling


Formation Testing Timeline

2000

PressuresOnly

1990

PressuresHigh Quality PVT Samples

1930

PressuresSurface & Downhole

PVT Samples

1960

PressuresContaminated

Samples

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Formation Testing Goes Back to the Future!!

PressuresOnly

PressuresHigh Quality PVT Samples

PressuresSurface & Downhole

PVT Samples

PressuresContaminated

Samples

1930 20002010

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GeoTap® IDS Fluid ID & Sampling

6-3/4” tool, 150°C, 25Kpsi, standard flow Up to 3 sample collars with 5 1-liter chambers each (15 samples) Probe on first collar, reduces rat hole Pretest – Mud Turbine Power

– Volume - 100 cc– Rate Variable 0.1 – 10 cc/sec– Differential – 10,000 psi

Flushing Pump – Mud Turbine Power – 4,000 psi pump up to 60 cc/sec– 8,000 psi pump up to 30 cc/sec

Fluid ID Sensors– Resistivity 0.01 – 100 ohm/m– Density – Vibration tube– Bubble point & compressibility – Continuous PVT– Flowline temperatures

Terminator Assy

Power Flush Pump Collar Assy

Pretest CollarPumpout CollarSample Collars

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GeoTap® IDS

1. Probe Collar

2. Pumpout Collar

3. Sample Collar

4. Terminator Collar

4

1

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Real-Time, QC

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Real-Time

180s

45s

10s

60s

10s

224s

30s

TOTAL ~ 9.32 mins w/o compressed data

Test Times


X,

X,

X,

X,

X,

X,

X,

X,

TEST SUMMARY

PRESSURES:Pstop1 X,762.5 (psig)Pstop X,762.0 (psig)Pexact X,762.0 (psig)Phyd1 X,803.1 (psig)Phyd2 X,810.2 (psig)Pdd_start X,250.9 (psig)Pdd_end X,724.9 (psig)

TEST PARAMETERS:Tool Mode NormalToolface 37.3 (deg)DD Volume 15.0 (cc)DD Rate 1.0 (ccps)

QUALITY FACTORS:Beta 23.60 (psig)Alpha 1.00 (sec)Sigma 0.70 (psig)

RESULTS:Good Buildup StabilityMobility: 89 (md/cp)

Quartz PressureExact Curve

Real-Time Pretest Data

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Pressure (psi)

Density (gm/cc)

Pump Rate (cc/sec)

XX,000

XX,800

XX,600

XX,400

XX,200

XX,000

XX,800

XX,600

XX,400

XX,200

X.X0Q

uar

tz P

ress

ure

(p

sia)

X.X0-0.10

Den

sity

(g

m/c

c)

Pu

mp

Rat

e (c

c/se

c)


Case History

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Real-Time Contamination Estimate3 hours additional pumping needed for 5%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 50 100 150 200Time (minutes)

Con

tam

inatio

n %

Density Data

Contamination

Den

sity

(gm

/cc)

0.X57

0.X50

5% Contamination


Oval Pad – Darcy Law

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Vertical Well, WBM 10 % Clean-up

100

101

102

OFP

FP

OP

SP10

-2

100

102

Invasion time (hr)Probe Type

Pu

mp

ou

t ti

me

(hr)

StandardProbe

Oval Probe

FocusedProbe

Oval Focused Probe


90 Deg Apparent Dip, WBM 10 % Clean-up

100

101

102

OFP

FP

OP

SP10

-2

100

102

Invasion time (hr)Probe Type

Pu

mp

ou

t ti

me

(hr)

StandardProbe

Oval Probe

FocusedProbe

Oval Focused Probe

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Reduced ECD &Increased ROP

Mud Weight reduced from 85 to 75 pcf

Drilling Optimization Case HistorySPE 120715


Long LWD BHA – Case History

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Forward Modelling in 1997


Well-Placement / DTBB in Late 2000’s

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InSite

WIT

SM

L A

PI

DecisionSpace/AssetViewCompass (EDM) Well Plan

EDM OW

InSite InSite

Insite Multi-well

Stratasteer®3D

Commander

Geosteering to the Digital Asset (GDA)


InSite

WIT

SM

L A

PI

DecisionSpace/AssetViewCompass (EDM) Well Plan

EDM OW

InSite InSite

Insite Multi-well

Stratasteer®3D

Commander

GDA Workflow (Commander Center piece)

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Reservoir Characterization

Wellbore Placement Real Time


Delivering optimized drilling performance, accurate evaluation and precise wellbore placement in real time

LWD Industry’s Value Proposition….


• Petrophysical Data Acquisition versus Drilling Optimization

• Improved Work processes to utilize all RT data

• RT QC / Interpretation methodologies

• Human resources

• Acceptance of technology

• Contractual / Commercial Considerations

• Closer cooperation of Oil & Service Companies

• ………..

Issues going Forward….

June 12

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Thank You!

Questions?

SPWLA-KUWAIT CHAPTER19th June 2012

june2012_back to the future with lwd technologies and applications

Documents

focussed resistivity

sensors ft

adt service

kuwait case history

res seismic

precise wellbore placement

accurate evaluation

specialized knowledge