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Back to the Future with LWD Technologies & Applications
SPWLA-KUWAIT CHAPTER19th June 2012
Ahmet Aki
2© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Integrating:
- directional drilling
- formation evaluation
Integrating:
- directional drilling
- formation evaluation
FEWD Philosophy…
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3© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
• Reconnaissance LoggingOffset Well CorrelationCasing/Coring Point SelectionSeismic CorrelationOverpressure/Shallow Gas DetectionDrilling Optimization
• Formation EvaluationReservoir Characterisation
Insurance LoggingTime Lapse LoggingWireline Log Replacement
• Well PlacementGeosteeringReservoir Model Verification
• Gamma Ray• Basic Resistivity
• 2nd Generation Resistivity• Density/Neutron/FullWave Sonic
• 2nd Generation Resistivity• FullWave Sonic
• 2nd Generation Resistivity• Software/Hardware
• 3rd Generation Resistivity• NMR• FT• Azimuthal GR, Den, Res• At-Bit Sensors
• 3rd/4th Generation Resistivity• NMR• Azimuthal GR, Den, Res• Seismic• At-Bit Sensors
• FT• At-Bit Sensors
80’s 00’s90’s
• Hardware/Software• Telecomms/RTOC
LWD Applications/AdvancesA Historical Perspective
4
Reservoir Characterization
Wellbore Placement Real Time
Drilling Optimization
Delivering optimized drilling performance, accurate evaluation and precise wellbore placement in real time
LWD Industry’s Value Proposition….
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5
The ADT service provides experienced engineers with specialized knowledge dedicated to improving drilling performance.
The ADT service focuses on three areas of the drilling process
Wellbore IntegrityDrill String Integrity Hydraulics Management
Drilling Optimization
6© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Drilling Optimization
Acoustic Caliper
Drillstring Dynamics Sensor - Vibration
GeoTap
Pressure While Drilling
• MWD/LWD Integration– PWD
– Vibration
– Caliper
– WOB/TOB
– Pore Pressure (KSI)
– Formation Pressures
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7© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
LWD Sensors
HPHT
Resistivity Tools Porosity Tools
Other Tools
8© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
LWD Resistivity80’s 90’s 00’s
10’s
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9© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
RGD Kuwait Case History, 1994
10© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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11© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ADRTM – Azimuthal Deep Resistivity
12
Case History – Deep Resistivity Images
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13© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Azimuthally Focussed Resistivity (AFRTM)
14© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
LWD Images
GR RHOB AFR
GR RHOB AFR GR RHOB AFR
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15© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Reservoir CharacterizationLWD Image Comparisons
16© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Reservoir CharacterizationLWD Image Comparisons
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17© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Reservoir CharacterizationLWD Image Comparisons
18© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Reservoir CharacterizationLWD Image QC
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19© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Improved SNRwith 2.67 times
bigger button sizes?
~500Ωm
~1,600Ωm
Reservoir CharacterizationLWD Image QC
20© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
QC, AFR
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21© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Reservoir CharacterizationOpen Fracture Picks
22© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Reservoir CharacterizationPartial Fracture Picks
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23© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Reservoir CharacterizationFault Picks
24© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Symmetric Picks – Bedding Pick Highlights
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25© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
h
H
B
A
Reservoir CharacterizationBorehole Breakout & Stress Orientation
26© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
SPE118139Well Placement
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27© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
CAST-V (Wireline) LWD – OBMI
LWD – OBMI
28© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Azi
BATTM Family
Azi
Commercial
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29
17 ½” Case History
30
Stoneley Slowness & Reflectivity
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Azimuth
Slo
wn
ess,
us/
ft
DTC = 57 us/ft
DTC = 80 us/ft
1 ft
Azimuthal Sonic – Modelling….
32
XBAT
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MRIL-WD
34
MRIL-WD6 ConfigurationBattery, Capacitor, and Electronics Inserts
Spiral Wear Band
Spiral Wear Band
Magnet
4-1/2” I.F.Connection
300F/150C20,000psi
Data Access Port
11.9m (39’) Length
Sensitive Volume(s)
T1 While Drilling/Wiping – Single FrequencyT2 While Wiping – Dual Frequency
MRIL-WD
† activation set dependent
VolumePosition
(8.5 in hole)
Depth of Investigation
(inch)
OperatingFrequency
(kHz)
Mag. Field Gradient
(gauss/cm)
Average ~ 2.69 490 14
Bit Size(inch)
Drilling Rate Sliding Rate
8 1/2 – 10 5/8 0-23 m/hr0-76 ft/hr
T1 While Drilling(12 sec Tw) †
0-86 m/hr0-283 ft/hr
T2 While Sliding(12 sec Tw) †
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Time/Depth Profile - Mode Switching
Trip In
Drilling
Wiping
Trip Out
• T1 - based Acquisition While Drilling
• T2 - based While Wiping
• Automatic Casing Detection
• Flexible - Can be Changed During Tool Setup
36
Light Oil, Gas & Water
T2 (ms)0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
T2 & T1 Ideal Fluid Distributions
Light Oil, Gas & WaterT1 (ms)
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
1
2Surface2
1
TApp
1
Diffusion
1
2BulkT TT
1 1
1SurfaceT1App
1
T
1BulkT
Hydrogen Index Effects
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T1 Measurement
T1
Magnetization
T1
aInversion
T2
T1 LWD Measurements
Step …
Step 6
Step 5
Step 4
Step 3Step 2
Step 1
38
T2 (T1) Distribution - Bins
0.5
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128
256
512
1024
2048
Bin Center T2 Time
Bin Number1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
T2 Time (ms) 10000.1 1 10 100 10000
Incr
emen
tal
Po
rosi
ty (
p.u
.)
Micro Porosity Capillary Bound Moveable Fluid
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•Total NMR Porosity•Bound & Free Fluid•Permeability Estimate•Micro Porosity
NMR Total Porosity
NMR TotalBound Fluid
NMR Permeability
Estimate
NMR Free Fluid
NMR Total Porosity
NMR CapillaryBound Fluid
NMR Permeability
Estimate
NMR Free Fluid
NMR Total Porosity
NMR Micro Porosity
Real Time T1 While Drilling Field Log
40
Case History
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T1 is insensitive to motion while drillingno motion correction required
Simplified relaxation process / no diffusion
Provide Reservoir Quality indications: -NMR Porosity-Effective Porosity-Micro Porosity-Capillary Bound Water-Permeability Estimation
Few Echoes (less power, smaller data sets)
Reduce the need for time/expensive wiping
Used for: -LWD While Drilling-Wireline Logging Measurements-Fluid Analyzer measurements while formation sampling
Why T1? T1 is "Made for" NMR While Drilling
42© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Formation Tester-Fluid ID & Sampling While Drilling
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First Patent, E. C. Johnston 1927 (US Patent 1,709,940)
.. has for its principal object to provide a simple and efficient means for accurately testing sands which are encountered during the drilling of the well.
during the drilling
44© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Formation Testing Timeline
2000
PressuresOnly
1990
PressuresHigh Quality PVT Samples
1930
PressuresSurface & Downhole
PVT Samples
1960
PressuresContaminated
Samples
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45© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Formation Testing Goes Back to the Future!!
PressuresOnly
PressuresHigh Quality PVT Samples
PressuresSurface & Downhole
PVT Samples
PressuresContaminated
Samples
1930 20002010
46
GeoTap® IDS Fluid ID & Sampling
6-3/4” tool, 150°C, 25Kpsi, standard flow Up to 3 sample collars with 5 1-liter chambers each (15 samples) Probe on first collar, reduces rat hole Pretest – Mud Turbine Power
– Volume - 100 cc– Rate Variable 0.1 – 10 cc/sec– Differential – 10,000 psi
Flushing Pump – Mud Turbine Power – 4,000 psi pump up to 60 cc/sec– 8,000 psi pump up to 30 cc/sec
Fluid ID Sensors– Resistivity 0.01 – 100 ohm/m– Density – Vibration tube– Bubble point & compressibility – Continuous PVT– Flowline temperatures
Terminator Assy
Power Flush Pump Collar Assy
Pretest CollarPumpout CollarSample Collars
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47© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
GeoTap® IDS
1. Probe Collar
2. Pumpout Collar
3. Sample Collar
4. Terminator Collar
4
1
32
48© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Real-Time, QC
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49© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Real-Time
180s
45s
10s
60s
10s
224s
30s
TOTAL ~ 9.32 mins w/o compressed data
Test Times
50© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
X,
X,
X,
X,
X,
X,
X,
X,
TEST SUMMARY
PRESSURES:Pstop1 X,762.5 (psig)Pstop X,762.0 (psig)Pexact X,762.0 (psig)Phyd1 X,803.1 (psig)Phyd2 X,810.2 (psig)Pdd_start X,250.9 (psig)Pdd_end X,724.9 (psig)
TEST PARAMETERS:Tool Mode NormalToolface 37.3 (deg)DD Volume 15.0 (cc)DD Rate 1.0 (ccps)
QUALITY FACTORS:Beta 23.60 (psig)Alpha 1.00 (sec)Sigma 0.70 (psig)
RESULTS:Good Buildup StabilityMobility: 89 (md/cp)
Quartz PressureExact Curve
Real-Time Pretest Data
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51© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Pressure (psi)
Density (gm/cc)
Pump Rate (cc/sec)
XX,000
XX,800
XX,600
XX,400
XX,200
XX,000
XX,800
XX,600
XX,400
XX,200
X.X0Q
uar
tz P
ress
ure
(p
sia)
X.X0-0.10
Den
sity
(g
m/c
c)
Pu
mp
Rat
e (c
c/se
c)
52© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Case History
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53© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Real-Time Contamination Estimate3 hours additional pumping needed for 5%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 50 100 150 200Time (minutes)
Con
tam
inatio
n %
Density Data
Contamination
Den
sity
(gm
/cc)
0.X57
0.X50
5% Contamination
54© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Oval Pad – Darcy Law
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55© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Vertical Well, WBM 10 % Clean-up
100
101
102
OFP
FP
OP
SP10
-2
100
102
Invasion time (hr)Probe Type
Pu
mp
ou
t ti
me
(hr)
StandardProbe
Oval Probe
FocusedProbe
Oval Focused Probe
56© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
90 Deg Apparent Dip, WBM 10 % Clean-up
100
101
102
OFP
FP
OP
SP10
-2
100
102
Invasion time (hr)Probe Type
Pu
mp
ou
t ti
me
(hr)
StandardProbe
Oval Probe
FocusedProbe
Oval Focused Probe
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57© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Reduced ECD &Increased ROP
Mud Weight reduced from 85 to 75 pcf
Drilling Optimization Case HistorySPE 120715
58© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Long LWD BHA – Case History
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59© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Forward Modelling in 1997
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Well-Placement / DTBB in Late 2000’s
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61© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
InSite
WIT
SM
L A
PI
DecisionSpace/AssetViewCompass (EDM) Well Plan
EDM OW
InSite InSite
Insite Multi-well
Stratasteer®3D
Commander
Geosteering to the Digital Asset (GDA)
62© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
InSite
WIT
SM
L A
PI
DecisionSpace/AssetViewCompass (EDM) Well Plan
EDM OW
InSite InSite
Insite Multi-well
Stratasteer®3D
Commander
GDA Workflow (Commander Center piece)
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63
Reservoir Characterization
Wellbore Placement Real Time
Drilling Optimization
Delivering optimized drilling performance, accurate evaluation and precise wellbore placement in real time
LWD Industry’s Value Proposition….
64© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
• Petrophysical Data Acquisition versus Drilling Optimization
• Improved Work processes to utilize all RT data
• RT QC / Interpretation methodologies
• Human resources
• Acceptance of technology
• Contractual / Commercial Considerations
• Closer cooperation of Oil & Service Companies
• ………..
Issues going Forward….
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Thank You!
Questions?
SPWLA-KUWAIT CHAPTER19th June 2012