judaism and christianity
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Judaism and Christianity. The Semitic religious hearth. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all arose among Semitic-speaking people All three arose from the margins of the southwestern Asian deserts - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY
The Semitic religious hearth Christianity, Judaism,
and Islam all arose among Semitic-speaking people
All three arose from the margins of the southwestern Asian deserts
Judaism, the oldest, originated about 4,000 years ago probably along the southern edge of the Fertile Crescent
Romans conquered Judea in 63 B.C.
Zealots called on Jews to revolt against Rome
In 66 A.D., Roman forces crushed the rebels, captured Jerusalem & destroyed the temple
Many enslaved and many left Judea & survived in communities around the Mediterranean: diaspora
Divisions in Judea
Judaism is… “A 4000 year old tradition
with ideas about what it means to be human and how to make the world a holy place” (Rabbi Harold Kushner, To Life)
A “covenant relationship” between God and the Hebrew people
A faith, a people, a way of life…
As a faith, Jews Believe… In one God, creator of the universe,
personal but non-corporeal In prophets of old – especially Moses,
through whom Torah was revealed to the Hebrew people
In Torah (first five books of the Bible), containing religious, moral and social law which guides the life of a Jew the Hebrew Bible does not include the
New Testament
As a people, Jews are… 15 – 16 million in worldwide
population United by a common heritage,
divided in contemporary practice: Orthodox:
Modern Chasidic (Ultra Orthodox)
Reformed (18th century Germany) Conservative – moderates, response to
reform
As a way of life, Judaism is based on… 613 commandments found in Torah (“Written
Law”) Talmud (“Oral Law”) – commentary of ancient
rabbis that elaborates on how to apply God’s Law in everyday life through: Dietary rules (Kashrut/Kosher) Dress and other symbols Prayer and devotion to the one God The Temple and Temple rites Observance of Holy days Proper social relations between male and
female, in business, judicial rulings, etc. Thus sanctifying life, blessing it in every way
How is Judaism related to Christianity?
Judaism predates Christianity – it is the foundation of Christianity but is not a part of it
Jesus was Jewish, as were his followers and the Apostles
Jews do not believe that Jesus was anything more than a good and wise man who lived and died 2000 years ago – Jews still await their messiah
The Semitic religious hearth About 2,000 years later,
Christianity arose as a child of Judaism from this same area
Islam arose about seven centuries later in western Arabia, partly from Jewish and Christian roots
Religions spread by both relocation and expansion diffusion Expansion diffusion can be divided
into hierarchical and contagious subtypes
Hierarchical diffusion — ideas are implanted at top of a society, leapfrogging across the map taking root in cities
Use of missionaries involves relocation diffusion
The Semitic religious hearth Christianity spread through the Roman Empire using the
existing splendid road system Clearly reflected hierarchical expansion diffusion Early congregations were established in cities and towns Temporarily established a pattern of Christianized urban centers
and pagan rural areas
Jewish Most info comes from the
“Gospels” Matthew, Mark, Luke, & John
Born about 4 B.C. A descendant of King David Virgin birth of Mary Started preaching in Galilee at
age 30 12 apostles, …Peter Based on Judaism – 1 g-d, law
of Moses, and new beliefs Many believed he was the
messiah Emphasized God’s love,
service, & forgiveness
Jesus and His Message
Some Jews welcomed him
Jewish leaders thought he was challenging them
Roman authorities thought that he was a revolutionary who might lead Jews into rebellion
Jesus was betrayed by one of his disciples
He was arrested, tried and condemned to be crucified
Although there were guards at the tomb, his body disappeared & Christians believe he was resurrected
Jesus and His Message
Differences
Ortho – right, correct, trueDoxa – to hold an opinion•Correct Worship•Right Belief
In the Creed:“Catholic” is defined as “wholeness, complete as having everything”
Catholic is defined and used as being a “universal” Church.
In 1517, Martin Luther lead a reformation of the Roman Catholic Church and ended in 1648.
In “protest” against the Roman Catholic Church included -indulgences, simony (buying & selling church positions), purgatory,
Orthodox Catholic Protestant
Orthodox altar tables always have
the GoOrthodox altar tables always have the Gospel enthroned
spel enthroned
Christ is the High Priest
in the Bishops’ Throne
Christ is the High Priest in the
Bishops’ Throne
The Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholemew - Constantinople
Pope Benedict XVI – head of the Catholic Church
Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Protestant Minister