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JRC AFRIMED WEF Nexus Approach

Joint Research Center of the European Commission (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES)

Cesar Carmona Moreno

JRC WEF NEXUS TASK FORCE

WEF-Solutions European River Basins

WEF-2030 WEF Interactions under Global Climate & SocioEco Scenarios

WEF-AFRIMED WEF Perspectives for Med &

Africa

• Atlas on Water Conflicts and

Cooperation • WEF Indicators • Socio-Economic Scenarios • Assessment Synergies and

Tradeoffs • WEF Tools Dev for Concrete and

Real Issues and Needs • Feeding WEF NEXUS Dialogues in

Dev-Countries

• Danube NEXUS baselines • WEF Models and Generic Tools for

Europe • Global Scale covering all Thematic

areas: Floods, Droughts, Agriculture, Energy, Water Exploitation, Security and Availability, Efficiency, Desalination, Groundwater Depletion for Europe, …

• Wastewater – Innovative

treatments • Agriculture and Water Quality • Sustainable Desalination • Hydropower and river

Hydromorphology • Energy-Agriculture Water

Pressure Baseline • Green urban water solutions • Tradeoffs in e-Flows & water

Availability

3 9 December 2016

ACEWATER2 AU-NEPAD Centres

of Excellence – Phase 2

MEKROU Water-Agri in the Niger/Mekrou RB

WEF-MED WEF NEXUS

assessments in MED

EC NEXUS-DEV

Scientific Support to EC NEXUS

Dialogues

WEF - SENEGAL

WEF NEXUS in the Senegal River Basin

WEF-AFR WEF NEXUS

assessments in AFRICA

Trade-offs

WEF NEXUS assess. MED

WEF Interact - rural electrific.

WEF Indicators WEF Interact – Biogas-Waste

Atlas Coop&SDGS

WEF NEXUS Assess Niger RB

E-Water NEXUS module - Africa

Climate Variability Analysis-AFRICA

African Atlas Coop&SDGS

WEF NEXUS Assess. Africa

H2020 AA DEVCO

AA Coming

WEF NEXUS Studies: MED&AF

Climate Variability Analysis-MEKROU

Hydro-Agro Model

E-Water NEXUS module-MEKROU

Socio-Econom. Analysis

Cadre Coop. Transfrontalier

Fouta Djalon Scientific Observatory

WEF NEXUS assess. Fouta Djalon

WEF NEXUS assess. Manantali

WEF NEXUS assess. Delta

WEF NEXUS Dialogue Platform

EC Position Paper NEXUS-SDGS

Network Extension Eastern-Central Africa

EC Nexus Dialogues Programme

DEVCO (Chair) GIZ (secretariat - coordination)

JRC (Scientific Support)

Africa Latin America

Central Asia

EU neighborhood

Nile Niger SADC Senegal

Andes Aral Sea MENA

NEXUS RESEARCHES JRC-IUCN

Nexus Research Studies

Policy Brief

Project Organization

NEXUS Concept Advantage: the WEF Nexus approach does not give precedence to Water over other sectors, addresses explicitly trade-offs and synergies between sectors, and strongly promotes sustainability and security. Since WEF Nexus is drawing a lot of attention, little work has been done on concrete applications in Dev.

“WEF AFRIMED - NEXUS IN DEV COUNTRIES”

DEV Countries Issues: a) Lack of good, accurate, harmonized and up-to-date data and information; b) Asymmetric access to information; c) At basin level, data available can differ greatly in terms of level of aggregation, scale, accuracy, reliability, etc.

Challenges (UNECE – “Reconciling resource uses in Transboundary basins”): • What can be achieved in a nexus assessment depends on various factors: the context, the issues, the actors involved, the constructiveness of the dialogue, and the availability of information and political will.

• Data-Information Exchange: To encourage Parties to inform each other about any critical situation that may have a transboundary impact and to make available to the public information on transboundary waters.

• Well-defined and efficient decision-making mechanisms; mechanisms for data and information exchange, as well as for monitoring and compliance;

WEF NEXUS IN DEV. COUNTRIES

C1.1- Establish a Cooperation Framework

C2.1 Inventory of current

status

C2.2 Identification

of Development

Priorities

C2.3 Dev. of WEF NEXUS

Basin Information

Systems C2.6 Understanding

‘Climate Variability’

C2.4 Understanding

the Water Balance

C2.10 Strategic Framework for

WEF Nexus Security

Development

C2.9 Investment Plans and Dev.

Measures

C2.5 Understanding

the Energy Balance

C2.7 Understand.

the WEF Interactions

Analysis

C2.8 Identif. of Common

Collaboration Points - Interest

The Mékrou Project

Main objective: to support Economic Green Growth and Poverty Reduction in African countries (Burkina Faso, Benin and Niger), in relation to water use and to water conservation.

“Water for growth and poverty reduction in the Mékrou transboundary river basin “ (Jan2014 – Dec 2017)

Specific objectives: 1. Establishment of a Transboundary Cooperation Framework on Water for Growth long term planning in the Mekrou transboundary basin 2. Development of an Integrated Water Resource Strategy for green growth in the Mekrou River basin (food security, appropriate urban and rural development and environmental conservation to meet challenges arising from climate change) and water sector investment promotion.

The Mekrou Project: Organisation of activities

C1.1- Cooperation framework (GWP)

C2.1 Inventory of

current status

C2.2 Identification

of Development

priorities

C2.3 Dev. of Basin

Information Systems

C2.4 Dev. of the ‘Water Variability

Assessment’ Module

C2.5 Understanding

the Water Balance

C2.6 Strategic Framework for Water Security

(GWP)

C2.7 Investment

Plans and Dev. Measures

(GWP)

C2.1: Inventory of

Current Status

Atlas “diagnostic” - Collection of relevant data and preliminary supporting maps

C2.2 Identification of Development

Priorities

Identification of Key Actors involved in the Information, Data Management and Knowledge

C2.3 Development of WEF NEXUS

Basin Information System

Basin Household Survey

Experts and stakeholders survey for the socioeconomic priorities: Analysis and dissemination of results

Setup of the database management system

First Agricultural/land/Water/Energy Simulations

Seminars with Basin Scientific/Technical Institutions

Basin Stakeholders Survey

Basin Scientific/Technical Survey

Collection/Harmonisation and homogenization of Biophysical/Hydrological and Socio-economic data

WEF NEXUS IN DEV. COUNTRIES

AQUASURVEY software

AQUASURVEY application to collect,

integrate and process

data on the field (with

internet connection or

no)

http://aquaknow.net/en/

aquasurvey-software

On Google play store

Mékrou surveys – Data collection

3 communes of Benin, 2 communes of Burkina Faso, 3 communes of Niger: 650 surveyed households

Demographic and socioeconomic data

Environment and Ecosystem

services

Nutrition and Food security

Agricultural water use and agricultural production

Domestic water use

Floods and droughts

Collected data Field implementation: January 2016 – March 2016

- Household Survey- - W Park Survey-

In cooperation with PNE Benin the survey took place in February/March 2015

In total 191 persons have been interviewed (52 W Park visitors and 139 citizens of villages located near W Park)

Analysis of: Value of ecosystem services of W Park, Recreational activities, Travel cost, Travel attributes of visitors

C2.5 Understanding

the Water Balance

Optimisation of irrigation, use of fetlilisers and improvement of soil fertility

C2.3 Development of Basin WEF

NEXUS Information System

C2.4 Understanding Climate Variability

Optimal agricultural production and efficient irrigation water use

Water management optimisation and efficient water allocation

Food security and nutrition

Climate variability and impact scenarios

Climate change impacts to agriculture

Domestic water use, supply and sanitations

Tourism in the W Park: characteristis and sustainability

E-Water system prototype Final report

Agricultural production and water use

Socioeconomic analysis demographics

Environment and ecosystem services

Flood, drought events, frequency and population resilience

Workshop: Analysis, Tools and Output

WEF NEXUS IN DEV. COUNTRIES

Biophysical modeling for the Identification of Optimal solution

FERTILIZATION STRATEGIES

MANURE MANAGEMENT

LANDUSE CHANGES

SANITATION IMPROVEMENT

List of different SCENARIOS

OPTIMIZATION CRITERIA 1

• Food production (MAX) • Water quality

(MAX/CONS) • Manag. Costs (MIN) • Environmental

Flow/River discharge (CONS)

• Diets requirements (CONS)

• Cash crop production (MAX)

• ……

SWAT EPIC Local Models Output analysis Maps Diagnostic layers ……

OUTPUT OF SCENARIOS ANALYSIS

DB

END USER SELECTION OF BMPs

• Model inputs

• ……

LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT

WATER INFRASTRUCTURES

WASTE WATER

POINT SOURCES

IRRIGATION STRATEGIES

E-NEXUS NEXUS BASIN Information System

E-NEXUS is an interface software designed to allow users to edit and analyze data related to the area of the Mékrou basin. Given the considerable quantity and the different nature of the data available, it is expected to group them all in a common dataset.

More than the simple visualization of data, E-NEXUS can be used to perform several operations on the entries, by providing a graphical interface for their view and save them in different ways according to the choice of the user.

E-Nexus is developed as an Desktop application of Microsoft Windows operating systems.

• Arrangement of multiple data into lists easy to edit • Possibility to start procedures directly through the

interface • Provides multiple formats of outputs, according to the

needs of the user

MAIN OBJECTIVES

E-Nexus

AQUAKNOW Sharing Information and Data

AQUAKNOW content

management system to

share information, data,

documents, events, …

http://aquaknow.net/

Mékrou WEF Nexus: Economic assessment approach

Crops Total Production Livestock Total Production

Domestic water provision Securing drinking water Securing irrigation water

Protection of ecosystems W Park biodiversity protection

W Park recreational value

Value Approach

Total Production Function (Household Survey)

Contingent Valuation (WTP) Multilinear Regression Models (Household Survey + WPark Survey)

Travel Cost estimation for visitors and residents of neighboring villages (WPark Survey)

Interval Regression Model for the Domestic drinking water provision

Mékrou WEF Nexus: Economic assessment

Water

Agriculture Food

production

Ecosystems

Mékrou water competitive

uses

Crops total value: 97,237,791 euro/year Livestock total value : 39,454,570 euro/year

Domestic water provision: 2,496,413 euro/year* (2.68 €/household/month) Mékrou preserving drinking water value: 143,794 euro/year* (1.93 €/household/year) Mékrou preserving irrigation water value: 80,849 euro/year* (1.04 €/household/year)

Mékrou Ecosystems Protection value: 69,075 euro/year* (0.89 €/household/year) W Park Biodiversity protection: 7,110 euro/year* (2.37 €/visitor Est. 3000 visitors/year) W Park recreational value based on travel expenses: 2,022,900 euro/year

* Non market values based on stated preferences. Survey analysis. Similar to other regional estimations.

Mékrou WEF Nexus: Next steps (2017)

?? ??

??

Energy? Completion of hydrological modeling / biophysical tools (EPIC,

SWAT, Optimization analysis, Mékrou Information System E-Water)

Estimating hydrological and economic trade-offs under scenarios: optimal allocation of crops, change of crops, development scenarios, climate variability, changing water balance

Scenario of including the Energy sector (?), Hydroelectric energy

Perceiving the Mékrou Nexus approach not a unique tool but as a

case to test relevant methods and create an integrated WEF Nexus approach

In cooperation with ABN and AgrHyMet applying the Mékrou E-WATER tool, SWAT and EPIC at the level of the Niger River Basin – Expanding the NEXUS

WEF Nexus: Mediterranean

Barley, Wheat

SecurityAvailability, accessibility,Adequacy,

affordability

SDG 6Water

SDG 7Energy

SDG 2Food

feed/fiber

Water for energy• Cooling• Hydropower• Irrigation of bioenergy crops

Water for food• Irrigation• Livestock requirements• Human consumption

Energy for food• Energy for irrigated crops• Energy for fertilizer

Food for energy• Biofuels• Manure, waste

Energy for water• Extraction transportation• Water treatment, distribution• Irrigation of bioenergy crops• Waste water , drainage, treatment, disposal

Food impact on water• Virtual transport• Water quality

WEF Nexus: Mediterranean

WEF Indicators in the Mediterranean region Development of spatially explicit WEF Nexus indicators for the Mediterranean region through model simulations of water resource availability and quality and allocation across energy and food sectors. The indicators will also contribute to monitor progress against achievements of the SDG targets taking into account their linkages and trade-offs

change in demand by 2050 In North Africa Water : +50%, Food +95%, Electricity generation + 500%

WEF Nexus is drawing a lot of attention, but little work has been done on concrete applications. We will assess the WEF Nexus in the Mediterranean to provide some answers on how to measure the achievements of the three SDGs dealing with primary resources which are fundamental for society and the economy: SDG6 (WATER) , SDG2 (FOOD), and SDG7 (ENERGY). One major advantages of the WEF Nexus approach is that it does not give precedence to water over other sectors, addresses explicitly trade-offs and synergies between sectors, and strongly promotes sustainability and security. All the assessment will be made through state of the art modeling

Nexus Dialogues

Project Planning Jan 2017 – Dec 2018

WEF Nexus: Senegal

WEF - SENEGAL WEF NEXUS in the

Senegal River Basin

Fouta Djalon Scientific Observatory

WEF NEXUS assess. Fouta Djalon

WEF NEXUS assess. Manantali

WEF NEXUS assess. Delta

WEF NEXUS Dialogue Platform

SENEGAL River Basin Project: Supporting the water resources management and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus in the Senegal River Basin (Sénégal, Mali, Mauritanie, Guinée) (2017-2020)

The JRC Mekrou project team

Thank you !!!!