THE PREVALENCE OF PROSTATE CANCER IN AMERICAN MINORITIES

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African Americans still have the highest age-adjusted all-causes rate of all races/ethnicities and the highest age-adjusted death rate for heart disease, cancer, and diabetes while HIV/AIDS and the incidence rates for both liver and stomach cancers are substantially higher among Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders than among other minority populations. Health disparities are a huge drain on our nation’s economy, and the second goal of President Obama’s Healthy People 2010, is the elimination of health disparities [1-2]. At HU we are poised to successfully address the problem of minority health and health disparities, especially among African Americans with the recent opening and treatment of prostate cancer patients at the $225 million Proton Therapy Institute. Using HUPTI as platform for discovery and treatment we are attempting to do something that has yet to be done…..identify the cause of prostate cancer. We know that and estimated 16% of the American male population will be diagnosed with prostate cancer within their lifetime [2-4]. Men as young as 30 years of age have been diagnosed and testosterone, age, genetics, heredity, and diet are currently being researched as possible causal factors for prostate cancer, yet to date, a cause has not been found. In

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our country, African American men are diagnosed and die from prostate cancer at higher rates more than any other race in the U.S.. Maybe I should repeat that statement again and let it sink in ! In fact, African American men have more than twice the death rate, 53.1 per 100,000, versus 21.7 and 17.8 per hundred thousand for Caucasian and Latino men, respectively [2-4]. African American men have a 19% or 1 in 5 chance of being diagnosed with prostate cancer with an increased risk if a family member has been diagnosed. Prostate cancer is the fourth-leading cause of death for African American men aged 45 years and older [2-4]. What’s more scary is the fact is that Hampton Roads area where Hampton University is located, is tops in the nation in prostate cancer deaths. Just across the bay in the city of Chesapeake, they rank in the top ten compared to other cities in prostate cancer deaths in Virginia [5], just something to ponder if you live in VA.

B. Gills is Senior Physics major at Hampton U and is native of Georgia. He can be reached at brent.gillis@my.hamptonu.edu

Dr. N.J Kenney is a former National Cancer Institute Fellow, Ford Foundation Fellow, Lombardi Cancer Center Fellow, HHMI Visiting Faculty Fellow and is the Director of Student Research at the HU Proton Therapy Institute

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By Tra’Von Williams, HU-JMSA Senior Editor Ever heard a song and it made you think? Did the song make you remember a past scenario? Did it trigger any emotions out of you, to the point where it made you cry, smile, laugh, or angry? If it did then your limbic system is functioning properly, as it should. The limbic system is a complex set of structures that lies on both sides of thalamus. The limbic system includes the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and other smaller areas. The limbic system is the area of the brain responsible for regulating emotions and memory. Here is where it all ties in at; Music activates your whole limbic system, which is in charge of processing emotions and controlling memory [1-4]. Information about ones past is evoked when lyrics, or melodies are in

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conjunction with a relevant memory. Recent studies examined the memories and emotions are often evoked when hearing musical pieces from one's past [5]. Music is helping us get through our day-to-day struggles and extremely beneficial during cancer radiation treatment. A number of studies have suggested music intervention before and after cancer therapy reduces pain and anxiety [6-8]. Who ever knew luxuries such as music is really playing a major roll in our lives. So don’t cut that beat down, pump up the volume. !T. Williams. is a freshman journalism major at the Scripps-Howard School of Journalism and Communications-Hampton U and is a native of S. Carolina. He can be reached at Travon.williams@my.hamptonu.edu"!

MUSIC, MEMORY and CANCER THERAPY

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ISSUE 3 No.5 Spring 2013

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Editorial Staff Tra’Von Williams, Senior Editor Jamelia Hymon, Associate Editor Rickey Miller, Assistant Editor Joel Williams, Assistant Editor Brent Gillis, Reporter Regional Faculty Advisors Dr. N. J. Kenney, Hampton-Editor Dr. A. W. Bowman, Norfolk State Dr. Luisel J. Ricks-Santi, Howard University Mr. M. Druitt, Hampton Dr. David. S. Salomon, National Cancer Institute

Journal of the Minority Science Apprentice

The Official Journal of the HU Undergraduate Cancer Research Program

In this issue; Why is it so important ……

Founding member 2012 ISSN 2327-5839

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!! References; The Prevalence of Prostate Cancer in American Minorities 1. http://HealthyPeople.gov

2. Schootman M, Deshpande AD, Pruitt SL, Aft R, Jeffe DB. National estimates of racial disparities in health status and behavioral riskfactors among long-term cancer survivors and non-cancer controls. Cancer Causes Control. 2010;21(9):1387-95. 3. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Neyman N, Aminou R, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Cho H, Mariotto A, Eisner MP, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2009 (Vintage 2009 Populations), National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD 4.http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2009_pops09/, based on November 2011 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, 2012. 5. http://www.cancer.org

References; Why is it so important…………… 1. http://www.seer.cancer.gov 2.www.surgeongeneral.gov/news/2007/11/sg11202007.html 3.www.nidcr.nih.gov/Research/ResearchResults/NewsReleases/ArchivedNewsReleases/NRY2003/PR08042003 4. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss.htm 5.www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer

JMSA, Spring 2013 ISSUE 3 No.3 -Hampton University Edition ISSN 2327-5820

References; Music and Memory 1. Baumgartner T, Esslen M, Jäncke L. From emotion perception to emotion experience: emotions evoked by pictures and classical music. Int J Psychophysiol. 2006;60:34–43. 2. Baumgartner T, Lutz K, Schmidt CF, Jäncke L. The emotional power of music: how music enhances the feeling of affective pictures. Brain Res. 2006;1075:151–164. 3. Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ. Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:11818–11823. 4. Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ, Bermudez P, Evans AC. Emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant music correlate with activity in paralimbic brain regions. Nat Neurosci. 1999;2:382–387. 5. Janata P, Tomic ST, Rakowski SK. Characterization of music-evoked autobiographical memories. Memory. 2007;15:845–860. 6. Docherty SL, Robb SL, Phillips-Salimi C, Cherven B, Stegenga K, Hendricks-Ferguson V, Roll L, Donovan Stickler M, Haase J. Parental Perspectives on a Behavioral Health Music Intervention for Adolescent/Young Adult Resilience During Cancer Treatment: Report From the Children's Oncology Group. J Adolesc Health. 2013;52(2):170-8. 7. O'Callaghan C, Sproston M, Wilkinson K, Willis D, Milner A, Grocke D, Wheeler G. Effect of self-selected music on adults' anxiety and subjective experiences during initial radiotherapy treatment: a randomised controlled trial and qualitative research. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2012;56(4):473-7. 8. Kulkarni S, Johnson PC, Kettles S, Kasthuri RS. Music during interventional radiological procedures, effect on sedation, pain and anxiety: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Radiol. 2012;85(1016):1059-63.!

JMSA-HUUCRP School of Science Hampton University PO Box 6072 Hampton, VA 23668

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In the US and its associated islands, close to one in three people are diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime [HealthPeople.gov]. Roughly 50% are over the age of 55 and are minorities, yet of those, less than 10% under the age of 30 actually eat a health conscious diet. One of the goals of HUUCRP to raise cancer awareness in the minority community for those who are at extreme risk and to educate those individuals in prevention. HUUCRP is a volunteer-college-student-operated activity. At Hampton U, HUUCRP is associated with HU-Prehealth Program, School of Science, Hampton University, Hampton, VA.

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Are you at a HBCU, TC, HSI, or API ? If you are and would like to create B#)*! own volunteer campus NewsDesk and campus branch of your own “UCRP” contact us at Jamelia.hymon@my.hamptonu.edu. We will supply you with our Quarterly templates, the rest is up to you and remember, a house cannot stand without the walls.

Jamelia

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