Journal Entry

Who are Remus and Romulus? Why are they significant?

The Roman Empire

Economic IssuesRome quickly accumulated a great amount of wealth.Wealthy families built latifundia – huge

estates that used conquered people as slaves.

Rise in unemployment -> population flocked to cities

The First TriumvirateJulius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, Licinius Crassus

Civil WarConflict erupts between Caesar and

Pompey -> Caesar WinsForces the senate to declare him dictator

(eventually for life)

Julius CaesarReforms

Public works – employ the joblessLand reform – gave public land to the poorExpanded citizenshipIntroduced the Julian calendar

Julius CaesarSenate feared Caesar intended to make himself king of RomeStabbed 23 times on the floor of the senate

The Second TriumvirateOctavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus

The Second TriumvirateOctavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus

Civil War (Again)Octavian defeats Antony (and Cleopatra)

Caesar AugustusOctavian would take the

title of Augustus, or Exalted One.Absolute power -> named

his successorNo more democracy ->

named his successorRoman Republic that stood

for 500 years comes to an end (Republic -> Empire)

Political ReformsStabilized government

Ordered a censusPostal serviceNew form of currencyPut the people to work

The next 200 years of Imperial rule are known as the Pax Romana, or time of Roman peace.

Vesuvius Erupts!

Bread and Circuses

Bread and CircusesEmperors held public

spectacles, paid for with tax money, to entertain the masses.

Gladiator battlesIndividual, groups,

animalsNaval reenactmentsChariot RacesThe spectators would

also receive free bread in an attempt to keep them content

Roman Advances in Literature, History, and Philosophy

Greco-Roman civilization is the blending of Roman, Hellenistic, and Greek traditions.

The Romans borrowed heavily from Greek culture after they conquered Greece.

Roman Advances in Art and Science

TechnologyBuilt roads, bridges, and harbors throughout

empireBuilt many aqueducts, or bridgelike stone

structures that brought water from the hills into cities.

ArtSculptors stressed realism.Artists depicted life scenes in frescoes and

mosaics.A picture made from chips of colored stone or

glass.

Architecture Emphasized grandeur Improved column and arch Developed rounded dome

Roman LawDuring the Roman empire,

these principles of law fostered unity and stability:An accused person was

presumed to be innocent until proven guilty.

The accused was permitted to face the accuser and offer a defense.

Centuries later, these principles would become the basis for legal systems in Europe and the Americas.

AssessmentCaesar, Pompey, and Crassus created the

first _________________.

AssessmentAfter defeating Marc Antony, Octavian had

himself declared (changed his name to) _________________.

AssessmentRoman emperors used tax-money to feed

and entertain Romans through a practice known as ___________________.

AssessmentWhat were the bridge-like stone structures

that brought water from the hills to the cities?

AssessmentTrue or False?

In the Roman Law system, a person accused of a crime was guilty until proven innocent.

AssessmentThe blending of Greek, Roman, and

Hellenistic culture was called _____________.