joris katkevicius - historical buildings preservation studio group 9 presentation book

Politecnico di MilanoFacoltà di Architettura e SocietàHISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIOPRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGSThe Ca’ Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti

Group 9Joris Katkevicius

Mihai PotraDaiki Kato

Bernardo GonzalezGaye Sener

Wang ji

“The beginning is the most important part of the work.” Plato, The Republic

Photogrammetric reconstruction of group 9 survey area using 3d software


Group 9Joris Katkevicius

Mihai PotraDaiki Kato


Wang ji

2History

Located south - east from Duomo, in Milan, Italy, the Ca’ Granda (Ospedale Maggiore di Milano) stands between via Francesco Sforza, via Laghetto and via Festa del Perdono and started in 1456 by Florence architect Antonio Averulino - Filarete.

Plans of Ca’ Granda from left: circa 1451, enlargement of hospital, general plan of 1964

Latitude 45°27’36.38”NLongitude 9°11’40.30”E


3Group 9

Joris KatkeviciusMihai PotraDaiki Kato


Wang ji

After heavily damage during WWII in 1946 - 1950 restoration works were carried out and in 1958 State university was inaugurated. Although restoration works under direction of architect Liliana Grassi and engineer Amerigo Belloni were still continuing till 1985.

Diagram of damage on Ca’ Granda after WWII,- legend from left: totally destroyed, gravely damaged, seriously damaged, 1980

Mediolanum, perspective plan, 1572

“Braccio” between cortyard of “Ghiacciaia” and courtyard of “Farmacia” after bombardments of 1943

Section showing south east Facade of cortile della farmacia (our survey zone localisation on the map - follow the dashed line), 1980

Program of restoration and systemization of Ospedale Maggiore, di Milano for Università degli studi

Front of Ospedale Maggiore towards via F. Sforza after bombardments of 1943, total destruction left part of the facade, and almost total abatement of cortile della Farmacia

Preparatory works in cortile Richini after 1943

After the reconstruction by Liliana Grassi

History


4Group 9



Wang ji

Survey


5Group 9



Wang ji

Survey

Detail sketch of decorative bricks sectionDetail sketch of continues pedestal sectionEdiotipo of our 4th quadrant Detail sketch of capital


6Group 9



Wang ji

Survey

Trilateration of the plan with sections and detail callouts marked, scale 1:30


7Group 9



Wang ji

Survey

Plan, scale 1:30


8Group 9



Wang ji

Survey

Plan with details, scale 1:30


9Group 9



Wang ji

Survey

Elevation, scale 1:30


10Group 9



Wang ji

Survey

Transversal section A-A , scale 1:30

Detail 5 and 6 , scale 1:30


11Group 9



Wang ji

Survey

Longitudinal section B-B , scale 1:30


12Group 9



Wang ji

Survey

Detail 2, front view and section, scale 1:10

Detail section 1, scale 1:10

Detail 3, frontal view of capital, scale 1:10


13Group 9



Wang ji

Survey

1


14Group 9



Wang ji

Photographic reconstruction of inner facade

100 cm 50 cm 25 cm

Survey


15Group 9



Wang ji

Photographic reconstruction of inner facade

Survey


16Group 9



Wang ji

Materials

Decorative bricks - moulded and hand finished

Mortars - cementitious repointed on lime mortar

Red clay bricks - older ones

Red clay bricks - newer ones

Metamorphic stone - Serizzo del Val d’Osola

Iron rods and clamps

Steel ventilation grill in the ground

Metamorphic stone - Beola (?)

Sedimentary stone - Angera Dolostone

Red Clay bricks - mixed newer and older ones Moulded bricks

Iron - grating bars

Lead covering where new stairs were open

Brass gutter


17Group 9



Wang ji

Pebbles with moss during the rain

Plaster type 2

Plaster type 1

Glass

Materials


18Group 9



Wang ji

100 cm 50 cm 25 cm

Materials


19Group 9



Wang ji

25 cm50 cm100 cmFrontal facadeFrontal facade

100 cm 50 cm 25 cm

Materials


20Group 9



Wang ji

Decay

Missing Part Deposit - dark, dense, coherent Fracture - clamped with iron Vegetation - Moss Cracking Deposit - chewing gum

Staining Pulverization and scaling Staining on bricks caused by volt pulverisation

Mixed - blistering, pulverisation, cracking

Missing Part Moister area

Missing Part Ants colony Mechanical damage Deposit - dark, dense, coherent

Mechanical damage Alteration - algae

Mechanical damage

Lacoon and detachment Oxidation Burst

Oxidation patina Pulverization Worn out paint, oxidationGraffiti

Politecnico di MilanoFacoltà di Architettura e SocietàHISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIOPRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS

prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti

21Group 9



Wang ji

Decay


22Group 9



Wang ji

Politecnico di Milano - Facoltà di Architettura e Società - a.a. 2011/2012HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO - PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS Prof. Alessandra Kluzer

Ospedale Maggiore di Milano Group 9

Compiler: Joris KatkeviciusSurvey date: 14 05 2012

SITE: Cortile Della FarmaciaUBIETY: Ground FloorUSE: Public - Universita degli studi di MilanoMasonry RED CLAY BRICKS MASONRY WALLS, MIXED WITH OLDER AND NEWER BRICKS, OLDER BRICKS BEARS SIGNS OF PREVIOUS PLASTER.VISIBLE REMINISCENCES OF BRICK ARCHES IN THE WALL.ORNAMENTAL BRICK FORMING VAULTS - MOULD CASTED AND HAND FINISHED.COLUMNS STANDING ON CONTINUOUS PEDESTAL.MORTARS ARE DIFFERENT IN COLOR - WHITISH AND GRAYISH AND DIFFER IN MECHANICAL RESISTANCE - WEAKER AND STRONGER ACCORDINGLY.

Building technologyMIXED BOND (DIFFERENT TYPES OF MORTAR AND BRICKS) NEW AND OLD RANDOM BOND

Written Survey, Sketches

COLUMNS ALSO BEARS THE SIGN OF PLASTER MIXED WITH DARK COLOR DENSE AND ADHERENT DEPOSIT.

MaterialsRIVER BANK PEBBLES, MORTAR (GRAY, CEMENT BASED MORTAR, FINE AGGREGATE)GREY METAMORPHIC STONE

Structural decayMETAMORPHIC STONE IS SCALING - PHENOMENA IS MORE INTENSE WHERE WATER AND INTENSIFIED TRAFFIC OCCURS.

DecayVENT (BOCCA DI LUPO - MANHOLE?) COVER PAINT IS WORN OUT. SOME CHEWING GUM SPOTS ON GRANITE FLOOR TILES. WORN OUT PEBBLES, HAVE SOME ORGANIC RESIDUE (VEGETATION)

MaterialsRED CLAY BRICKS.LIME PLASTER, LIME WASHEDIRON TIE BARS

Structural decayNO

DecayPULVERIZATION, SMALL CRACKING, MIGHT BE PROBLEMS WITH HUMIDITY

PlastersLIME MORTAR, REMAINS ON OLD BRICKS.ON WINDOWS JAMBS AND ARCHITRAVES - DARK DULL BROWNISH WAXY APPEARANCE PLASTER

- ARE SPALLING BECAUSE OF DECAYING BRICK UNDER IT

Other coatingsLEAD SHEET COVERING BRICKS WHERE STAIRS WERE ADDED.

Types and layersONE LAYER OF 2-3MM, DIRECTLY LAID ON BRICKS, ONE SIDE INTEGRATED INTO PLASTER.

MaterialsLEAD

DecayCOROSSION

OpeningsWINDOWS - STEEL, ONE GLASS,VENT COVERS BOCCA DI LUPOIRON BARS FOR WINDOW GRATING

HOMOLOGOUS IN THEIR APPEARANCE, OLDER ONES DIFFER IN APPEARANCE - COLOR AND VISIBLE MECHANICAL PROPRIETIES VARYING ACCORDING TO THE LOCUS WHEN BEING FIRED, AS WELL MORTAR - OLDER ONE SEEMS TO BE LIME MORTAR, AND NEWER ONE CONTAINS APPROXIMATE HALF CEMENT AND LIME.COLUMNS - BASE, SHAFT AND CAPITAL, GREY GRANITE ARE MADE SERIZO STONE - FROM VAL D’OSOLA, INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS STONE .CONTINUOUS PEDESTAL - BRICK MASONRY, PLASTERED WITH WHITE LIME PLASTER (4). COPESTONE IS MADE FROM SEDIMENTARY ANGERA DOLOSTONE VARYING FROM PINK TO YELLOWISH IN COLOR. (4)MORTARS ARE - WHITISH - LIME BONDED WITH FINER AND HOMOLOGENEUS AGGREGATE AND GRAYISH - WITH CEMENTICIOUS BINDER WITH FINER VARYING WITH COARSER AGGREGATE

Structural decaySEVERAL OLDER BRICKS ARE CRACKED,MECHANICALLY DAMAGED IN ORDER TO RESHAPE THEM IN - DIMINISHING IN VOLUME MANNER.

DecayOLDER BRICKS HAVE PULVERIZATION PHENOMENA, FEW OF THEM HAVE IT MIXED TOGETHER WITH SCALING, BINDER IS IN FEW PLACES DIFFERS IN ITS DEPTH OF GROOVE. MARKS ON THE BRICK WALL UNDER THE CORBEL OF CROSS BARREL (GROIN) VAULT. DARK COLOR NON-ORGANIC PATINA IS ON LOWER PART OF MASONRY WALL. COLUMNS BEARS SIGNS OF IRON OXIDATION AND RUBBER SEAL - PREVIOUSLY HAD WINDOW FIXTURES.

MaterialsNEW AND OLD BRICKS. NEW BRICKS SEEMS TO BE MORE

FloorsPEBBLES WITH CEMENTICIOUS MORTAR.GREY METAMORPHIC STONE UNDER VAULT WITH STEEL GRID MANHOLE COVERS FLUSH TO IT.

Column base fixing

Mixed bond, mixed bricks and mortar repointed

Building technology:PEBBLES : ON PERMEABLE LAYER, RAMMED BETWEEN BASE OF PORCH AND A BOARDING LINE OF GRANITE STONE NOW FILLED WITH CEMENT CONTAINING BINDER SO PERMEABILITY IS LOST.FLOOR: GREY GRANITE TILES LAID ON ( REINFORCED CONCRETE / IRON BEAMS? ).VENT COVER STEEL WELDED, INDUSTRY PRODUCTION.

VaultsCROSS BARREL VAULT (GROIN) WITH PLASTER ARRIS (GROINS)

Building technologyLAID ON CORBEL INCORPORATED INTO THE WALL AND COLUMNS WITH RED CLAY BRICKS, LIME MORTAR AND LIME PLASTER RENDER, AND WHITE LIME WASH.

Types and layersAPPLIED (1 OR 2) LAYERS OF PLASTER ON BRICKS, THEN SURFACE FINISHING (COLORED ON WINDOWS JAMBS AND LINTELS) LIME WASHED.

MaterialsLIME MORTAR (RATIO : ), LIME WASH, KAOZINPLASTER.

Surface finishingLIME WASH FINISHING VAULTS

DecayNON ORGANIC DARK COLOR DEPOSIT, PULVERIZATION (VAULTS), DETACHMENT (PORCH BASE) (HUMIDITY PROBLEM?), ON WINDOWS JAMBS AND ARCHITRAVES SURFACE FINISHING


23Group 9



Wang ji

Written Survey, Sketches

Type: morphological and technical features WINDOWS: BIGGER ONES XX CM ARE OPENABLE INSIDE WITH PARLIAMENT HINGES, DARK BROWN IN COLOR. SMALLER ONES XX CM ARE NOT OPENABLEVENT COVERS: GRID OF RHYTHMIC LINES (1,3,4 - RUNNING PARARREL TO FACADE, 2 (SMELLIEST) RUNNING PERPENDICULAR TO THE FACADE).JAMBS SILLS AND LINTELS ARE MADE OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF BRICKS, BEARS A SIGN OF PREVIOUSLY DECORATIVE ON A LINTEL.

MaterialsSTEEL FRAME, IRON GRATING BARS,

Workmanship techniqueSTEEL (VENTS) INDUSTRIALIZED PROCESS, STEEL WINDOWS FRAME, IRON BARS - BLACKSMITH ARTWORK.

DecaySEDIMENTARY DUST, SOME ADHESIVE REMAINS ON GLASS, GRATING BARS HAVE THEIR COVERING OF IRON OXIDE, DOESN’T LOOK TO FALL APART.

Architectural elementsDECORATIVE TERRA COTTA TILESSTAIRS (MADE BY DESTROYING CONTINUOUS PEDESTAL) FROM SAME STONE AS USED FOR FLOORS, INDUSTRY PROCESSEDTypeLOADBEARING, , COMPOSITE ORDER

MaterialsBRICKS, LIME MORTAR BINDER, PLASTERED AND LIME WASHED, COPED WITH ANGERA STONE.RED CLAY KILNED, UNGLAZED

Workmanship techniqueSCULPTEDMOLDED, HAND FINISHEDDecayNON ORGANIC BLACK - DARK GREY DEPOSIT. MISSING PARTS. ONE CAPITOL HAD SPREAD IN TWO AND IS BEING FIXED WITH TIE IRON CLAPS.ANGERA STONE IS HAS VEGETATION DEPOSIT, AND MISSING PARTS.PULVERIZATION SIMILAR TO BRICKS, ACCORDING TO MORE SEVERE EXPOSITION.

Millworks

TypeSTEEL. WINDOW JAMS , SILLS, LINTELS ARE FROM MASONRY BRICKS,

Opening-closing system PARLIAMENT HINGES (ALSO FORTKE ) Ironmongery IRON BARS, OTHER MILLWORKS SEEMS TO BE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

DecayDEPOSIT OF DARK NON ORGANIC MATERIAL.

Systems

Lighting system:ELECTRIC LIGHT INSTALLATION (TUNGSTEN LAMS) IN VAULT INTRADOS ( ABOVE COLUMNS )

Other systems:WATER COLLECTION SYSTEM -

GUTTERS (FROM BRASS? ALLOY), WHICH ARE STAINING A SLIGHTLY ON SURROUNDING PLASTER.

General noteMain decay seems to be pulverization of bricks, and and damp area, also deposit on bricks and columns could be cleaned.

Only several bricks has structural cracks.

During one rainy survey day a weathering pattern could be noticed easily, mainly not in our zone, but on the north - east facade.

North - facade problems

SURVEY SKETCHES AND TABLES


24Group 9



Wang ji

Liliana Grassi Architetto - il pensiero i restauri i progetti, Milano, 1986

Lilian Grassi - La Ca’ Granda, Electa, Milnao, 1981

Sylvia Righini Ponticelli e Aldo Di Silvestro, “L’Ospedale dalla seconda metà del Quat-trocento all’inizio del Seicento”, in La Cà Granda di Milano. L’intervento conservativo sul cortile Richiniano, Silvana Editoriale,1993, pag. 51;

Emanuela Sorbo, “Storia e Materia. I Progetti di Ambrogio Annoni e Liliana Grassi per l’Ospedale del Filarete a Milano”, in D’Architettura, n. 26, 2005.Testi a cura di Simonetta Offredi e Raffaella Silari

www.milanoneicantieridellarte.it

Appendix and Bibliography

Thank you for attention, group 9 , Milano, MMXII

joris katkevicius - historical buildings preservation studio group 9 presentation book

Documents

milano facolt

ca granda milan workshop

antonio sansonetti group

alessandra kluzer

plans of ca granda

ca granda ospedale maggiore

sketch of capital politecnico

survey area