SPRING 2002 MEETING

Texas Section of the American Association of Physics Teachers

Texas Section of the American Physical Society

Zone 13 of the Society of Physics Students

Hosted by

The Department of Physics and Astronomy

Stephen F. Austin State UniversityNacogdoches, TX

March 7-9, 2002

http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/springmeeting.html

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Officers of the Texas Section of APS

Wayne Saslow – Chair Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843 (979) 845-4841 Email: saslow@tamu.edu

Jorge A. Lopez - Chair-electUniversity of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968-0515 (915) 747-6750 Email: jorgelopez@utep.edu

C.A. Quarles - Vice ChairTexas Christian University Fort Worth, TX 76129 (817) 257-7375 Email: c.quarles@tcu.edu

Lawrence C. Shepley - Past ChairUniversity of Texas Austin, Texas 78712 (512) 471-9272 Email: larry@einstein.ph.utexas.edu

Walter L. Borst - Secretary-Treasurer Texas Tech University Lubbock, Texas 79423 (806) 742-3864 Email: walter.borst@ttu.edu

Stephen D. Baker - Council AdvisorRice University Houston TX 77005-1892 (713) 348-5310 Email: baker@rice.edu

Carlos A. Ordonez - Term Member

University of North Texas Denton, TX 76203-1427 (940) 565-4860 Email: cao@unt.edu

Heather C. Galloway - Term MemberSouthwest Texas State University San Marcos, TX 78666 (512) 245-8916Email: galloway@swt.edu

Hal Edwards - Term MemberTexas Instruments, Inc. Dallas, TX 75265 (972) 995-0526 Email: edwards@ti.com

John L. Fry - Term MemberThe University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, TX 76019-0059 (817) 272-2461 Email: fry@uta.edu

Officers of the Texas Section of AAPT

Evelyn Restivo - Immediate Past PresidentMaypearl Independent School DistrictMaypearl, TX 76064 (972) 435-6871 x 11 Email: jrest@azmail.net

James Roberts - PresidentUniversity of North Texas Denton, TX 76202-5370 (940) 565-3281 Email: roberts@unt.edu

Antonio Elizondo - President ElectPharr-San Juan-Alamo High School Weslaco, TX 78596 (956) 783-2200 Email: antonioelizondo@msn.com

Dan Bruton - Vice PresidentStephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches, TX 75962 (936) 468-2360 Email: astro@sfasu.edu

James R. Crawford - Secretary-Treasurer

Southwest Texas State UniversitySan Marcos, TX 78666 (512) 245-2131Email: jc03@swt.edu

David W. Donnelly - Section RepresentativeSouthwest Texas State UniversitySan Marcos, TX 78666 (512) 245-3644Email: donnelly@swt.edu

Peggy E. Schweiger - Section Council at Large, High School

Klein Oak High School Spring, TX 77389 (281) 655-3157 Email: pschweig@cs.rice.edu

Gene Branum - Section Council at Large, Two-year CollegeTyler Junior CollegeTyler, TX 75711 (903) 510-2232Email: gbra@tjc.tyler.cc.tx.us

Mike Sadler - Section Council at Large, Four-year CollegeAbilene Christian University Abilene, TX 79699 (915) 674-2165 Email: sadler@physics.acu.edu

David Donnelly - President before Immediate Past PresidentSouthwest Texas State UniversitySan Marcos, TX 78666 (512) 245-3644 Email: donnelly@swt.edu

Officers of SPS Zone 13

David W. Donnelly - Zone CouncilorSouthwest Texas State UniversitySan Marcos, TX 78666 (512) 245-3644 Email: donnelly@swt.edu

Jason McDonald - Associate Zone CouncilorStephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches, TX 75962 (936) 468-3001 Email: jasongregorymcdonald@hotmail.com

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Meeting ScheduleThursday, March 7 Event Location† Page

6:00 pm - 9:00 pm Registration and Reception Fredonia Hotel - CCA 37:00 pm - 9:00 pm SPS Reception Fredonia Hotel - VIP 1,2 37:00 pm - 9:00 pm TSAAPT Executive Committee Meeting Fredonia Hotel - Banita 37:00 pm - 9:00 pm TSAPS Executive Committee Meeting Fredonia Hotel - Raguet 3

Friday, March 8 Event Location Page

7:30 am - 8:30 am PEP, TTOPS and Chairs’ Breakfast Fredonia Hotel - Banita 38:00 am - 4:00 pm Registration Miller Science - 318 39:00 am - 5:00 pm Exhibits Miller Science - 318, 321 209:00 am - 9:10 am Welcome

Tito Guerrero III, SFA President Harry Downing, SFA Host

Kennedy Auditorium 3

9:10 am - 9:40 am Plenary Session “The Role of Texas Physics Departments in Preparing K-12 Teachers” Teacher Preparation Conference Report

Kennedy Auditorium 6

9:40 am - 10:20 am “Physics Education Research: What it is and why it is useful” Beth Ann Thacker, Texas Tech University

10:40 am - 12:00 pm Contributed Paper Sessions APS AAPT SPS

Miller Science - 335Miller Science - 334Miller Science - 323

678

12:00 pm - 1:20 pm Luncheon and Business Meetings University Center - 2nd FloorRegents A & B

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1:30 pm - 2:00 pm Plenary Session “Atomic Coherence Effects: Slow Light from Ultra-Sensitive Magnetometry to Anthrax Detection” George Welch, Texas A&M University

Kennedy Auditorium 9

2:20 pm - 5:20 pm Contributed Paper Sessions APS SPS/AAPT Poster Session

Miller Science - 335, 323Miller Science - 334Miller Science - 316 Hallway

91314

2:30 pm - 5:30 pm TSAAPT Workshops Miller Science - Third Floor 18

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† Maps - Pages 31-36

Friday, March 8 Event Location Page

5:45 pm - 7:00 pm Reception Robert Gruebel’s Home 14

7:00 pm - 9:00 pm Banquet “Violinmaking: is it art, or is it science?” Joseph Nagyvary, Texas A&M University

Fredonia Hotel - CCA 14

9:00 pm - 10:30 pm Observatory Tour or Planetarium Show Sponsored by SPS at SFA

Buses at Fredonia Hotel 14

Saturday, March 9 Event Location Page

7:30 am - 8:30 am Two Year College Breakfast Fredonia Hotel - Banita 4

9:00 am - 12:00 pm Exhibits Miller Science - 318, 321 20

9:10 am - 9:50 am Plenary Session “Recent Results and Prospects from the Fermilab Tevatron” Vaia Papadimitriou, Texas Tech University

Kennedy Auditorium 15

10:12 am - 12:00 pm Contributed Paper Session APS AAPT

Miller Science - 335, 323Miller Science - 334

1517

10:00 am - 3:00 pm TSAAPT Workshops Miller Science - Third Floor 18

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Session SchedulesFriday APS I APS II AAPT SPS Poster Workshops

9:00-9:10 am Welcome (Kennedy Auditorium)9:10-9:40 am Plenary 1 (Kennedy Auditorium)

9:40-10:20 am Plenary 2 (Kennedy Auditorium)10:20-10:40 am Move to Room 335   Move to Room 334 Move to Room 323    

10:40 am Invited   AAPT-1 Introduction    10:48 am AA-1   SPS-1    11:00 am   AAPT-2 SPS-2    11:12 am AA-2   SPS-3    11:24 am AA-3   AAPT-3 SPS-4    11:36 am AA-4   AAPT-4 SPS-5    11:48 am AA-5   AAPT-5 SPS-6    

12:00-1:20 pm Lunch and Business Meetings (University Center, 2nd Floor Regents A&B)1:30-2:00 pm Plenary 3 (Kennedy Auditorium)2:00-2:20 pm Move to Room 335 Move to Room 323 Move to Room 334 Move to Room 334    

2:20 pm BA-1 BB-1   Invited    2:32 pm BA-2 BB-2   SPS-7  2:44 pm BA-3 BB-3    2:56 pm BA-4 BB-4   SPS-83:08 pm BA-5 BB-5   SPS-93:20 pm BA-6 BB-6   SPS-10 Posters Workshops3:32 pm BA-7 Break for Posters   SPS-11 BC-1,2,3,4,5 W1 - Rm 3263:44 pm Break for Posters BB-7   SPS-12 W2 - Rm 3173:56 pm BA-8 BB-8   Break for Posters W3 - Rm 3164:08 pm BA-9 BB-9 AAPT-6  4:20 pm BA-10 BB-10 AAPT-7  4:32 pm BA-11 BB-11 AAPT-8  4:44 pm BA-12 BB-12 AAPT-9    4:56 pm BA-13 BB-13 AAPT-10     Workshops5:08 pm BA-14         Continued5:20 pm           W2, W35:32 pm          

5:45-7:00 pm Reception (Home of Robert Gruebel)7:00-9:00 pm Banquet (Fredonia Hotel - CCA)9:00-10:30 pm Observatory/Planetarium

Saturday APS I APS II AAPT SPS Poster Workshops9:10-9:50 am Plenary 4 (Kennedy Auditorium)

9:50-10:12 am Move to 335 Move to 323 Move to 334    10:12 am CA-1 CB-1 Invited    10:24 am CA-2 CB-2 AAPT-11    10:36 am CA-3 CB-3 AAPT-12     Workshops10:48 am CA-4 CB-4 AAPT-13     W4 - Rm 32611:00 am CA-5 CB-5 AAPT-14     W5 - Rm 31711:12 am CA-6 CB-6 AAPT-15     W6 - Rm 31611:24 am CA-7 CB-7 AAPT-16     W7 - Rm 30211:36 am CA-8 CB-8 AAPT-17    11:48 am     AAPT-18    12:00 pm          12:12 pm           Workshops1:00 pm           W4 - Continued2:00 pm           W8 - Rm 3163:00 pm           W9 - Rm 3174:00 pm          

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Physics Education Friday MorningKennedy Auditorium

Chair: Harry Downing

9:10 am - 9:40 am PL-1 The Role of Texas Physics Departments in Preparing K-12 TeachersMary Beth Monroe, David Donnelly, Larry Shepley, Evelyn RestivoTeacher Preparation Conference Report, mbmonroe@swtjc.cc.tx.us

9:40 am - 10:20 am PL-2 Physics Education Research: What it is and why it is usefulBeth Ann ThackerTexas Tech University, batcam@spudhammer.phys.ttu.edu

APS Contributed Papers Friday MorningCondensed Matter I Miller Science - 335

Chair: Wayne Saslow

10:40 am AA-1 Invited Talk:Low Dielectric Constant Materials for Microelectronics ApplicationsShubhra GangopadhyayTexas Tech University, gango@spudhammer.phys.ttu.edu, gango@ttu.edu

11:12 am AA-2 Indium Donor/Metal Vacancy Defect Complexes in CdTe Studied with PAC SpectroscopyJohn Griffith, Roland Platzer, John GardnerOregon State University, griffij@physics.orst.edu

11:24 am AA-3 Theoretical Investigation of the Effect of Pressure on the Valence Band Structures of Copper and Silver by Using the Tight-Binding Linear Muffin-Tin Orbital MethodD. Singh, S. C. SharmaUniversity of Texas at Arlington, sharma@uta.edu

11:36 am AA-4 Electroreflectance Characterization of Silicon Carbide PolytypeGazi Demir, Robert Glosser, Loig BourreeUniversity of Texas at Dallas, glosser@utdallas.edu

11:48 am AA-5 Kondo, Mixed Valence, and Magnetism in CeMn2-xCuxSi2

Gan LiangSam Houston State University, phy_gnl@unx1.shsu.edu

12:00 pm Luncheon and Business MeetingsUniversity Center, 2nd FloorRegents A&B

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Plenary

AA

AAPT Contributed Papers Friday MorningMiller Science - 334

Chair: Walter Trikosko

10:40 am AAPT-1 The Gear-Up Program at SFABetty Alford, Donnya Stephens, Walter L. Trikosko, Ali Piran, Philip Blackburn, Harry DowningStephen F. Austin State University, wtrikosko@sfasu.edu

11:00 am AAPT-2 Conservation of Angular Momentum: A Laboratory Experience Using an Air TablePaul SchulzeAbilene Christian University, schulzep@acu.edu

11:24 am AAPT-3 Considerations in Using Modeling Software to Develop the Concept of Momentum ConservationJill MarshallUniversity of Texas, marshall@kroesche.org

11:36 am AAPT-4 Teaching a Web Based Modern Physics CourseLionel D. HewettTexas A&M University Kingsville, L-Hewett@tamuk.edu

11:48 am AAPT-5 A Dialogue in Paradise: John Milton's Visit with GalileoHugh HendersonPlano Senior High School, hhender@pisd.edu

12:00 pm Luncheon and Business MeetingsUniversity Center, 2nd FloorRegents A&B

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AAPT

SPS Contributed Papers Friday MorningMiller Science - 323

Chair: David Donnelly

10:40 am IntroductionDavid Donnelly, SPS Zone 13 CouncilorSouthwest Texas State University, donnelly@swt.edu

10:48 am SPS-1 A Microwave Cavity Spectrometer for Measuring the Magnetic and Electric Susceptibility of Select MaterialsBalie Reid, Jai Dahiya, Jim RobertsUniversity of North Texas, roberts@unt.edu

11:00 am SPS-2 Temperature Reconstruction AnalysisNicola Scafetta, Tim Imholt, Paolo Grigolini, Jim RobertsUniversity of North Texas, roberts@unt.edu

11:12 am SPS-3 Decay Properties and State Lifetimes in 128Te from an Inelastic Neutron Scattering (n,n') ReactionJohn BoehringerUniversity of Dallas, jboehri@acad.udallas.edu

11:24 am SPS-4 CuInSe2 and CuInS2 for Photovoltaic ApplicationsSteven Scurlock, Robert FriedfeldStephen F. Austin State University, rfriedfeld@sfasu.edu

11:36 am SPS-5 The Scanning Electron MicroscopeHerbey SolisStephen F. Austin State University, hosolis@hotmail.com

11:48 am SPS-6 The Design and Construction of a Three-Axis Computer Controlled Milling Machine for the LaboratoryMichael Carew, Chris Salch, Charles Smith, Lucaci VaczlavikTexas A&M at Commerce, charles_rogers@tamu-commerce.edu

12:00 pm Luncheon and Business MeetingsUniversity Center, 2nd FloorRegents A&B

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SPS

Optics Friday AfternoonKennedy Auditorium

Chair: Thomas Callaway

1:30 pm - 2:00 pm PL-3 Atomic Coherence Effects: Slow Light from Ultra-Sensitive Magnetometry to Anthrax DetectionGeorge R. WelchTexas A&M University, welch@physics.tamu.edu

APS Contributed Papers Friday AfternoonCondensed Matter II Miller Science - 335

Chair: Robert Friedfeld

2:20 pm BA-1 Theory of Diffusion in Reacting Mixed Ionic Electronic SystemsWayne SaslowTexas A&M University, wsaslow@tamu.edu

2:32 pm BA-2 Generation of Short Pulses of Mössbauer Radiation by Emitter/Absorber Vibrational MotionElena Kuznetsova, Roman Kolesov, Olga KocharovskayaTexas A&M University, ekuznetsova@rainbow.physics.tamu.edu

2:44 pm BA-3 NMR and Magnetic Properties of Type-I Germanium-Copper ClathratesRamsey Kamar, Yang Li, Joseph H. Ross, Jr.Texas A&M University, jhross@tamu.edu

2:56 pm BA-4 Growth of Thin Films of C60 and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Characterization by X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Raman SpectroscopyJ. H. Rhee, Y. Li, D. Singh, S. C. SharmaUniversity of Texas at Arlington, sharma@uta.edu

3:08 pm BA-5 Raman Spectroscopy Measurements of the Vibrational Properties of UV-Polymerized C60 Thin Film and C60 Powder Compressed in a Diamond Anvil CellY. Li, D. Singh, S. C. SharmaUniversity of Texas at Arlington, sharma@uta.edu

3:20 pm BA-6 The Formation of Ni81Fe19 Alloy Metallic and Monoxide Films by Dual Ion Beam SputteringSteven Rios, Dana Larison, Shannon Fritz, Anup Bandyopadhyay, Carlos GutierrezSouthwest Texas State University, cg08@swt.eduAlbert Tijerina, International SEMATECH and SWT

3:32 pm BA-7 Optical Characterization of Atomically Ordered GaAsSb Epilayers Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Multiple Orientations of GaAsReiko Lukic-Zrnic, Ryan Cottier, Brian Gorman, Terry Golding, Christopher LittlerUniversity of North Texas, jduggan@unt.eduAndrew Norman, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

3:44 pm Break for Refreshments and Poster Session BC

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BA

Plenary

APS Contributed Papers Friday AfternoonCondensed Matter III Miller Science - 335

Chair: Robert Friedfeld

3:56 pm BA-8 Electrodeposition of Copper Indium DisulfideSteven Scurlock, Robert FriedfeldStephen F. Austin State University, z_scurlocksp@sfasu.edu

4:08 pm BA-9 Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of Patterned Thin NiFe-35% FilmsClaude Garrett, Wilhelmus Geerts, Greg SpencerSouthwest Texas State University, cg02049@swt.edu

4:20 pm BA-10 Advanced X-Ray Characterization of ULSI-Grade Cu and Ta Blanket FilmsDana Larison, Steven Rios, Shannon Fritz, Anup Bandyopadhyay, Carlos GutierrezSouthwest Texas State University, cg08@swt.eduBradley Melnick, Motorola

4:32 pm BA-11 Inverse Metallic Photonic Crystals Templated from FCC Synthetic Opals Constructed by the Gravitational-Charge Assembly of Silica Micro-SpheresPreston Landon, Bog Kim, Loig Bourree, Tim Renfro, John Vass, Kenneth Huffman, Alan Dalton, Robert Glosser, Anvar Zakhidov, Rockford Drapper, Ray BaughmanUniversity of Texas at Dallas, glosser@utdallas.edu

4:44 pm BA-12 The Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Cobalt Silicide Films Formed by Rapid Thermal AnnealingShannon Fritz, Dana Larison, Steven Rios, Anup Bandyopadhyay, Carlos GutierrezSouthwest Texas State University, cg08@swt.eduDaniel Chesire, Agere Systems

4:56 pm BA-13 Photoemission and X-Ray Diffraction Measurements to Study the Effects of Pressure on the Valence Band Structures of Copper and SilverB. Ha, J. H. Rhee, D. Singh, S. C. SharmaUniversity of Texas at Arlington, sharma@uta.edu

5:08 pm BA-14 Two-Body Schrödinger Equation for Hydrogen-Like Atom in Constant Electric and Magnetic FieldsDonald H. KobeUniversity of North Texas, kobe@unt.eduWolfgang P. Schleich, University of Ulm

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BA

APS Contributed Papers Friday AfternoonOptics I Miller Science - 323

Chair: Don Bowen

2:20 pm BB-1 Swept Standing Wave Detection of Microscopic ParticlesG.W. Sherman, C. C. BradleyTexas Christian University, g.w.sherman@student.tcu.edu

2:32 pm BB-2 Mueller Matrix Imaging and Hidden Object DetectionDeric Gray, George KattawarTexas A&M University, rainman@rainbow.physics.tamu.edu

2:44 pm BB-3 Photonic Bandgaps in Lorenz-Mie Scattering by Concentrically Stratified SpheresKirk FullerUniversity of Alabama in Huntsville, fuller@nsstc.uah.eduDavid Smith, Marshall Space Flight Center

2:56 pm BB-4 Electronic and Structural Response of InSb to Ultra-short and Ultra-intense Laser PulsesAndrea Burzo, Roland AllenTexas A&M University, allen@tamu.edu

3:08 pm BB-5 Versatile Microscopic Photoluminescence ApparatusLoig Bourree, Robert Glosser, Stefano Pitassi, Justin SchaefersUniversity of Texas at Dallas, glosser@utdallas.eduDavid Chasse, Joseph Estrera, Renee HetterNorthrop Grumman Electro-Optical Systems

3:20 pm BB-6 Effects of Laser Pulse Shape and Beam Profile on Electromagnetically Induced TransparencyKuo-Cheng Chen, Cyrus D. CantrellUniversity of Texas at Dallas, kcchen@utdallas.edu

3:32 pm Break for Refreshments and Poster Session BC

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BB

APS Contributed Papers Friday AfternoonOptics II Miller Science - 323

Chair: Don Bowen

3:44 pm BB-7 Squeezing of Vacuum Fluctuations via Zeeman Coherence Irina Novikova, Andrey B. Matsko, George R. WelchTexas A&M University, irina@leona.physics.tamu.edu

3:56 pm BB-8 Experimental Study of Stokes Linewidth in Resonant Four-Wave Mixing in Hot Rb VaporEugeniy E. Mikhailov, Yuri V. Rostovtsev, George R. WelchTexas A&M University, evmik@tamu.edu

4:08 pm BB-9 Doppler-Free Three-Photon Absorption and Transparency in Hot Atomic VaporC. Y. Ye, Texas A&M UniversityA. S. Zibrov, Harvard UniversityY. V. Rostovtsev, A. B. Matsko, M. O. Scully Texas A&M University, mos@tamu.edu

4:20 pm BB-10 Vibrational Analysis and Ring-Twisting Potential Energy Function for 1, 2-Dihydronapthalene in its S0 and S1 Electronic StatesDaniel Autrey, Zane Arp, Jaan LaaneTexas A&M University, laane@mail.chem.tamu.edu

4:32 pm BB-11 Optical Properties of Ammonium Nitrate AerosolsKirk Fuller, University of Alabama in Huntsville, fuller@nsstc.uah.eduMaurice Jarzembski, Marshall Space Flight CenterVandana Srivastava, University Space Research AssociationRebecca Coffman, Lucent TechnologiesHarry Downing, Stephen F. Austin State University

4:44 pm BB-12 The Vibrational Potential Energy Surface of Coumaran in its S1 Electronic Excited StateZane Arp, Jaan LaaneTexas A&M University, laane@mail.chem.tamu.edu

4:56 pm BB-13 Electroreflectance Experimentation in the VUV at the University of Texas at DallasTimothy Renfro, R. Glosser, Preston LandonUniversity of Texas at Dallas, glosser@utdallas.eduMohammad Al-Kuhaili, King Faud University

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BB

SPS Contributed Papers Friday AfternoonMiller Science - 334

Chair: Jason McDonald

2:20 pm SPS-7 Invited Talk: "Auguries of Innocence" Reprise: "To See Cosmology in a Quetzal..." (with apologies to William Blake)Dwight E. NeuenschwanderSouthern Nazarene University, dneuensc@snu.edu

2:56 pm SPS-8 Scanning Probe Microscopy in a Zero-Gravity EnvironmentSteve Parker, Robert FriedfeldStephen F. Austin State University, Steve2717@hotmail.com

3:08 pm SPS-9 On Separation of Solar Wind Source Helium from Cometary SamplesJose' Francisco FloresSam Houston State University, ravenacrylix@hotmail.com

3:20 pm SPS-10 A Small Radio Telescope Suitable for Teaching or ResearchBrian ThomasBaylor University, Brian_Thomas@baylor.edu

3:32 pm SPS-11 The Physics Olympics at Stephen F. Austin State UniversityMichael JohnsonStephen F. Austin State University, z_johnsonml@sfasu.edu

3:44 pm SPS-12 Choosing a Bicycle WheelScott Cook, Jason SlinkerSouthern Nazarene University, scook@mail.snu.edu

3:56 pm Break for Refreshments and Poster Session BC

AAPT Contributed Papers Friday Afternoon Miller Science - 334Chair: James Roberts

4:08 pm AAPT-6 Applied Learning PhysicsDenise GordonPEP, adgordon55@yahoo.com

4:20 pm AAPT-7 A Journal of Original Work for K-12 StudentsTimothy Imholt, James A. RobertsUniversity of North Texas, roberts@unt.edu

4:32 pm AAPT-8 Student Observations of Natural VLF Radio EmissionsKathryn RobinsonO'Connor High School, KNTJL4@prodigy.net

4:44 pm AAPT-9 The Influence of Scientific Thinking Skills on Conceptual Understanding of PhysicsJohn M. ClementSt. Pius X High School, clement@hal-pc.org

4:56 pm AAPT-10 EXCELlent AnimationsWalter L. TrikoskoStephen F. Austin State University, wtrikosko@sfasu.edu

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SPS

AAPT

Poster Session Friday Afternoon3:00 pm - 4:30 pm Miller Science - 316 Hallway

Chair: Robert Gruebel

BC-1 Design of an Experiment to Study Optical Properties of Nanometer-Size Droplets of Liquid Crystalline Materials Dispersed in a Polymer-MatrixR. A. Ramsey, S. C. SharmaUniversity of Texas at Arlington, sharma@uta.edu

BC-2 Temperature Dependence of Ce Valence in CeT2Si2-Based SystemsGan Liang, Qiuliang YaoSam Houston State University, phy_gnl@unx1.shsu.edu

BC-3 Photodetachment of Alkali Negative IonsJ. C. Hunnell, S. J. Ward, University of North Texas, jchunnell@yahoo.comJ. Sandström, D. Hanstorp, Chalmers University of Technology and Götenberg UniversityD. J. Pegg, University of Tennessee

BC-4 Design of an Experiment to Study the Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Electrical Conductivity of C60-based MaterialsR. Govinthasamy, S. C. SharmaUniversity of Texas at Arlington, sharma@uta.edu

BC-5 The Dynamics of Liquid Marbles in MicrogravityKelly A. Perkins, Patricia R. QuarlesUniversity of Texas at Dallas, kellyp@utdallas.edu

Reception and Banquet Friday EveningDowntown Nacogdoches

5:45 pm - 7:00 pm ReceptionDr. Robert Gruebel’s Home (See map page 33)

7:00 pm - 9:00 pm Banquet at Fredonia Hotel:Violinmaking: is it art, or is it science?Joseph NagyvaryTexas A&M University, http://www.nagyvary-violins.com/

9:00 pm - 10:30 pm Observatory Tour or Planetarium ShowStarting from the parking lot of the Fredonia Hotel, two buses will travel 11 miles north to tour the SFA Observatory. This tour is free to anyone. You do not have to go to the banquet or have banquet tickets to go to the observatory. If the weather is bad, then the buses will go to the Planetarium on the SFA campus for a free planetarium show.

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BC (Posters)

Banquet

High Energy Physics Saturday MorningKennedy Auditorium

Chair: Heather Galloway

9:10 am - 9:50 am PL-4 Recent Results and Prospects from the Fermilab TevatronVaia PapadimitriouTexas Tech University, vaia@tthep1.phys.ttu.edu

APS Contributed Papers Saturday MorningHigh Energy Physics Miller Science - 335

Chair: Jorge Lopez

10:12 am CA-1 Construction of the ICD Electronics for D0Benjamin Williams, Lee SawyerLouisiana Tech University, sawyer@phys.latech.edu

10:24 am CA-2 Reconstruction of the B+ Meson with Recent CDF DataKenneth CarrellTexas Tech University, carrell@fnal.gov

10:36 am CA-3 Search for Supersymmetric Top in the Decay of the Top Quark Using D0 DetectorYan Song, Kaushik DeUniversity of Texas at Arlington, ysong@fnal.gov

10:48 am CA-4 The Need for Neutron-Proton Scattering DataB.F. GibsonLos Alamos National Lab, gibson@paths.lanl.gov

11:00 am CA-5 The Density of Strangeness in Heavy Ion CollisionMichael MurrayTexas A&M University, murray@comp.tamu.edu

11:12 am CA-6 Participant Fragments and Ni+Au HIC Caloric CurveArmando Barranon, UAM-A, Mexico City, bca@correo.azc.uam.mxJorge Lopez, The University of Texas at El PasoClaudio Dorso, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina

11:24 am CA-7 Superallowed Beta Decay: The Cases of 34-Ar and 34-ClV. E. Mayes, J. C. Hardy, V. E. Iacob, M. Sanchez-Vega, R. G. Neilson, A. Azhari, C. A. Gagliardi, L. Trache, R. E. TribbleTexas A&M University, mayes@comp.tamu.edu

11:36 am CA-8 Production of Extremely Neutron-Rich Rare Isotopes at Texas A&MG. A. Souliotis, M. Veselsky, S. J. YennelloTexas A&M University, soulioti@comp.tamu.edu

 

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CA

Plenary

APS Contributed Papers Saturday MorningAstronomy and Space Physics Miller Science - 323

Chair: Norman Markworth

10:12 am CB-1 Solar Modulation of Inner Trapped Belt Radiation Dose RateAbel DiazTexas Tech University, diazbill@hotmail.com

10:24 am CB-2 Optical Monitoring of Low Mass X-Ray Binaries and -Ray Loud BL LacsNatalia Zotov, Bond Hutchinson, Mark ShawLouisiana Tech University, zotov@coes.latech.edu

10:36 am CB-3 Testing the Uniformity of the Distribution of Arrival Directions of EHECR EventsWilliam S. Burgett, Mark R. O'MalleyUniversity of Texas at Dallas, burgett@utdallas.edu

10:48 am CB-4 Dark Matter Equation of Motion and Density ProfilesAntonio Mondragon, Roland AllenTexas A&M University, allen@tamu.edu

11:00 am CB-5 Big Bangs in the Night SkyRussell L. Collinsrlcasa@wt.net

11:12 am CB-6 Fractals in CosmologySteven ScurlockStephen F. Austin State University, z_scurlocksp@sfasu.edu

11:24 am CB-7 Precision Photometry at the SFASU ObservatoryNorman MarkworthStephen F. Austin State University, nmarkworth@sfasu.edu

11:36 am CB-8 Asteroid Hunting at the SFA ObservatoryDan BrutonStephen F. Austin State University, astro@sfasu.edu

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CB

AAPT Contributed Papers Saturday MorningMiller Science - 334

Chair: Antonio Elizondo

10:12 am AAPT-11 Invited Talk: Closing the Gaps - Science, Engineering and Astronomy at Tarleton State UniversityMichael Hibbs, Denise MartinezTarleton State University, hibbs@tarleton.edu

10:36 am AAPT-12 Java Applets for Physics EducationPhillip DukesUniversity of Texas at Brownsville, pdukes@utb.edu

10:48 am AAPT-13 Fluids in Advanced Placement Physics BHugh HendersonPlano Senior High School, hhender@pisd.edu

11:00 am AAPT-14 Paleoclimate Studies to Enhance our Understanding of Changes in Environmental ConditionsJ. B. Scott, Timothy Imholt, Jim RobertsUniversity of North Texas, roberts@unt.edu

11:12 am AAPT-15 An Interesting Faraday's Law Lab Using MBL EquipmentJohn GriffithLinn-Benton Community College, griffij@ml.lbcc.cc.or.us

11:24 am AAPT-16 Revisiting Vector Math with the Force Table and MathCadCruse D. MelvinLamar University, melvincd@hal.lamar.edu

11:36 am AAPT-17 Measurement of Reflectance off Packed Microscope SlidesTom Grimes, Steven BallLeTourneau University, StevenBall@letu.edu

11:48 am AAPT-18 Update on the Regional Collaborative for Excellence in Science Teaching John Bartholomew, Timothy Imholt and Jim RobertsUniversity of North Texas, roberts@unt.edu

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AAPT

TSAAPT WorkshopsOrganizer: Thomas O’Kuma, tokuma@lee.edu

W1 "Integrating Student Study Skills Into Physics Classes” presented by John Griffith, Linn-Benton

Community College, Albany, ORIn this session participants will go through activities I have developed over the past year related to my

efforts to integrate study skills activities into a calculus-based physics sequence. It is sometimes felt that only remedial students can benefit from such activities. I will make the case that all students can benefit from the activities and discussions centered on study skills. While my experience has been in integrating study skills into a physics course, the discussion in this session should be broad enough to encompass all areas of math and science at either the high school or college level. Limited to 30 participants - 2 hours - Cost $3.00 Room 326Friday, March 8, 2:30 pm - 4:30 pm

W2 “Building a Monkey Gun” presented by Bill Franklin, PTRAParticipants will build a “Monkey Gun” demo, which drops a target as the bullet leaves the gun

barrel. The gun is a blowgun; the target is released by an electromagnet. Bob Menius and Bill Franklin designed the apparatus as a low cost version of a well-known demo.Limited to 20 participants - 3 hours - Cost $20.00 Room 317Friday, March 8, 2:30 pm - 5:30 pm

W3 “Quantitative Study of the Conservation of Angular Momentum on an Air Table using iMovie and VideoPoint” presented by Paul Schulze and Jeff Arrington, Abilene Christian University

Digital technology can be used to quantitatively study motion. Participants will learn how to use a digital video camera to record the rotational-inelastic collision of a two-puck system on an air table. The basics of analyzing video clips to obtain the necessary data for quantitative results will be learned. Specifically, we will apply the techniques to the conservation of angular momentum. The techniques learned can be applied to many different kinematic studies.Limited to 20 participants - 3 hours - Cost $4.00 Room 316Friday, March 8, 2:30 pm - 5:30 pm

W4 “Radiation and Health – A Workshop for Educators” presented by Ian Scott Hamilton, Ph.D., CHP, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University

In addition to presenting the below information, we will also be giving each teacher several notebooks, CDs, a Geiger Counter, and a VHS tape to assist them in their instruction at their own schools.

The South Texas Chapter of the Health Physics Society is a professional not-for-profit society with members from industry, government, academia, and the military that represent the field of radiation safety. The chapter mission includes encouragement of environmental education dedicated to the science of radiation protection. The STC is pleased and honored to offer a program of balanced environmental education for science teachers, grade levels 4-12 that emphasizes the importance of radiation safety and human health.Limited to 24 participants - 5.5 hours - Cost $2.00 Room 326Saturday, March 9, 10:00am - 4:00pm

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W5 "A New Look at Optics” presented by Peggy E. Schweiger, Klien Oak High School, and Joe Ficht, Clements High School

A New Look on Optics offers some new ideas for optics labs and demonstrations. Converging lens data will be collected and analyzed using TI-83 calculators to prove the validity of the lens equation. Participants will perform a spherical glass demonstration in which real and virtual images are produced simultaneously. Watch glasses will be used as diverging mirrors. Data will be collected and analyzed using TI-83 graphing calculators to determine the focal length of a diverging mirror. If possible, participants should bring their own TI-83 calculator.Limited to 25 participants - 2 hours - Cost of $3.00 Room 317Saturday, March 9, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm

W6 “Physics for New Teachers (and new ideas for old)” presented by Paula Hiltibidal, Early HS, Brian Self, Allen High School, and Janie Head, Foster High School

When you wake up one day and find out that you are a physics teacher, this workshop is for you. Included in this workshop is what to do the first week of school, laboratory activities, project ideas, and safety issues. Paula and Brian are extremely creative teachers.Limited to 30 participants - 3 hours - Cost $7.00 Room 316Saturday, March 9, 10:00 am - 12:50 pm

W7 “Getting a Charge out of Capacitors” presented by Dick Granoff, Bellaire High SchoolDuring this workshop, we’ll use technology and data analysis techniques to explore the basic

characteristics of capacitors. Questions that we will investigate include: how does the charge on a capacitor vary with the voltage applied across it?; what is different about capacitors in series and parallel circuits?; and what is an R-C circuit? Each participant will “make-n-take” a board containing capacitors and resistors that will be used in our explorations. The board can be used for demos or easily duplicated for classroom use. Limited to 20 participants - 3 hours - Cost of $15.00 Room 302Saturday, March 9, 10:00 am - 12:50 pm

W8 “Make and Take Activities for Sound and Waves” presented by Joseph F. Ficht, Clements High School

Participants will construct a wave demonstrator using craft sticks, two octaves of palm pipes using PVC pipe, and a cantilevered rod demonstrator which will show closed tube resonance. These three simple devices will demonstrate the properties of waves, resonance, and the relationship of wavelength to a musical scale. Sheet music will be provided for simple tunes.Limited to 24 participants - 2 hours - Cost $8.00 Room 316Saturday, March 9, 1:00 pm - 3:00 pm

W9 “CBL Workshop” presented by Andy Cordell, Fort Worth Country Day School, and Judy Cordell, Nolan High School, Fort Worth

Participants will work with CBL (calculator-based laboratory) systems with TI calculators to calculate the coefficient of friction of a cart going up and down a ramp. Pasco ramps and carts will be used for this activity. Limited to 30 participants - 2 hours - Cost $2.00 Room 317Saturday, March 9, 1:00 pm - 3:00 pm

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Exhibitors Friday 9:00-5:00 pmSaturday 9:00-12:00 noon

Miller Science 318, 321

Addison Wesley & Benjamin CummingsAlison Romike, alison.romike@aw.comhttp://www.aw.com/

American Physical SocietyKathleen Hajduk, hajduk@aps.orghttp://www.aps.org/

Casio, IncDavid Walling, dwalling@casio.comhttp://www.casio.com/education/

Los Alamos National LabBen Gibson, gibson@paths.lanl.govhttp://www.lanl.gov/

Research Experiences for UndergraduatesJerome Duggan, jduggan@unt.eduhttp://www.phys.unt.edu/

Society of Physics StudentsAli Piran, apiran@sfasu.eduhttp://www.physics.sfasu.edu/

Teach SpinDayna Newman, SFA SPS Studenthttp://www.teachspin.com/

Texas A&M UniversityRoland Allen, allen@tamu.eduhttp://www.physics.tamu.edu/

Texas InstrumentsMary Jane Smith, mjsmithpi@ti.comhttp://education.ti.com/

University of North TexasJerome Duggan, jduggan@unt.eduhttp://www.phys.unt.edu/

Vernier Software and TechnologyAmy Frame, aframe@vernier.comhttp://www.vernier.com/

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Exhibitors

Meeting Abstracts

Friday, March 8, 20029:10 am - PL-1 -The Role of Texas Physics Departments in Preparing K-12 Teachers, Mary Beth Monroe, David Donnelly, Larry Shepley, Evelyn Restivo, Teacher Preparation Conference Report, mbmonroe@swtjc.cc.tx.us. The conference will be held on Wednesday and Thursday, March 6 and 7, 2002 at Stephen F. Austin State University, in Nacogdoches, Texas. Leaders in physics education within Texas will gather to address the following questions: What should pre-service teachers know and be able to do at the end of a physics course? How do the needs of the pre-service teachers differ form those of the other students we teach in the physics department? What is the role of the physics department at the two-year college and four year college/university in addressing the needs of future K-12 teachers? http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/tpconference.html

9:40 am - PL-2 - Physics Education Research: What it is and why it is useful? Beth Ann Thacker, Texas Tech University, batcam@spudhammer.phys.ttu.edu. What is Physics Education Research (PER) and what is it doing in your physics department? The study of students? understanding of physics concepts before, during and after instruction at all levels ? from the introductory algebra-based physics course to upper level courses in quantum mechanics and statistical and thermal physics -- yields results that can be used to develop curriculum with better impedance matching between the students? pre-conceptions and the scientific conceptions and models (both qualitative and mathematical) that we would like them to have at the end of instruction. Examples will be given of how Physics Education Research is done, the results of physics education research, and how the results can be used to develop curriculum and enhance teaching.

10:40 am - AA-1 - Invited Talk: Low Dielectric Constant Materials for Microelectronics Applications, Shubhra Gangopadhyay, Texas Tech University, gango@ttu.edu, gango@spudhammer.phys.ttu.edu. The drive for advanced integrated circuits with sub-micron feature size has created the need for low dielectric constant (k) materials and new process integration schemes in order to address the problems associated with the current Al (Cu) and SiO2 interconnect technology. The 2000 International Technology Roadmap for semiconductors mandates the need for materials with dielectric constants of 1.5 along with copper metallization for less than 100 nm feature sizes. However, the lowest dielectric constant for a bulk material is that of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) with a dielectric constant (k) of approximately 2. Lower values can be achieved by introducing porosity into the material since the dielectric constant of air is approximately 1.0, and it is this approach that the microelectronics industry is focusing on to obtain low-k materials. At Texas Tech University we are depositing low-k films using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and creating nanopores in the films using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) treatment by extracting low molecular weight species. I will discuss various methods we are using to create nanoporosity.

11:12 am - AA-2 - Indium Donor/Metal Vacancy Defect Complexes in CdTe Studied with PAC Spectroscopy, John Griffith, Roland Platzer, John Gardner, Oregon State University, griffij@physics.orst.edu. Very dilute (1012 cm-3) substitutional indium donors form a single defect complex in CdTe. This complex, which involves the trapping of a Cd vacancy at a nearest-neighbor Cd site, has been studied using 111In Time-Differential Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) spectroscopy. The fraction of complexed indium atoms increases as the measuring temperature is decreased, and is still increasing at room temperature. Complexed fractions are reproducible on cycling within the temperature range 40 to 200°C. We have measured the binding energy of the complex to be 0.15 eV. We have also observed that a non-equilibrium number of complexes is formed in rapidly cooled samples. This state equilibrates over a period of a few days at 15°C, implying at least one of the two constituents in the complex has a significant diffusion rate at this temperature.

11:24 am - AA-3 - Theoretical Investigation of the Effect of Pressure on the Valence Band Structures of Copper and Silver by Using the Tight-Binding Linear Muffin-Tin Orbital Method1, D. Singh, S. C. Sharma, University of Texas at Arlington, sharma@uta.edu. Prompted by the recent photoemission data on the effects of pressure on the valence band structures of Cu and Ag (1), we have carried out theoretical band structure calculations taking into account the application of pressure. The band structure calculations were carried out by using the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital (TBLMTO) formalism (2, 3). The overall profiles of the calculated band structures of Cu and Ag under pressure, although similar to the calculated band structures at ambient pressure, exhibit broadening in the bandwidth and reduction in the DOS at EF at high pressures. We observe reasonably good agreement between the calculated and experimental results (1). 1. B. Ha, J. Rhee, D. Singh, S. C. Sharma, abstract at this meeting; 2. O. K. Andersen, O. Jepsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 2571(1984); 3. D. Singh et al, Phys. Rev.B B64, 115110(2001). 1Research supported by the Department of Energy, grant No. DE-FG0300ER45840/A00 and the Welch Foundation, Houston, Texas.

11:36 am - AA-4 - Electroreflectance Characterization of Silicon Carbide Polytype, Gazi Demir, Robert Glosser, Loig Bourree, University of Texas at Dallas, glosser@utdallas.edu. SiC is a wideband gap semiconductor, which has important device applications in a high temperature environment. Recent improvements in growth technique have made it important to examine these higher quality materials. We are interested in studying the first direct gap of silicon carbide. Homoepitaxial n- and p-doped polytype 4H-SiC layers were grown by Cold-Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). These are being used to study the direct band in the vicinity of 5-6 eV by means of front contact electroreflectance (FCER). The doping for n-type sample is 1×1019cm-3 and about 5×1018cm-3 for p-type sample. Spectra of 4H-SiC will be discussed.

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11:48 am - AA-5 - Kondo, Mixed Valence, and Magnetism in CeMn2-xCuxSi2, Gan Liang, Sam Houston State University, phy_gnl@unx1.shsu.edu. The Transition from a 3d-antiferromagnetically ordered mixed valence system to a Kondo lattice system has been studied in the CeMn2-xCuxSi2 compound series. X-ray diffraction result shows that this series forms a ThCr2Si2-type tetragonal crystal structure. The Ce L3-edge x-ray absorption results show that the series evolves from a Ce mixed valence system at x = 0 to a nearly trivalent system at x = 2. Ce valence decreases with the increase of Cu concentration. The resistivity results of this series show that in the low Ce valence region (x greater than 1.0), the system exhibits a crystalline-field modified Kondo lattice behavior. In the high valence region, however, the system displays a behavior of the prototype mixed valence compound CePd3. It was observed that with moderate Cu for Mn substitution to CeMn2Si2, an unusual increase of the coherence temperature from 70 K to 145 K. The Magnetic susceptibility results indicate that Cu for Mn substitution destroys the magnetic order of the transition-metal sublattice and induces an evolution from a 3d-antiferromagnetic system to a 3d-paramagnetic system.

1:30 pm - PL-3 - Atomic Coherence Effects: Slow Light from Ultra-Sensitive Magnetometry to Anthrax DetectionGeorge R. Welch, Texas A&M University, welch@physics.tamu.edu.

2:20 pm - BA-1 - Theory of Diffusion in Reacting Mixed Ionic Electronic Systems, Wayne Saslow, Texas A&M University, wsaslow@tamu.edu. We have considered the theory for diffusion in reacting mixed ionic electronic conductors. Such a theory is needed to interpretation the experimental results, normally obtained using blocking electrodes for either electrons or ions, in which the variation in voltage with time and space is obtained. We employ the principles of irreversible thermodynamics for a solid whose charge carriers are electrons and positive ions that can recombine to form neutrals. In the long-wavelength limit, there are two modes which decay at a finite rate, one corresponding to chemical disequilibrium, and one corresponding to charge decay (and reflecting the chemical disequilibrium). The third mode decays at the rate Dk2, where k is the wavevector, and D depends on the electron, ion, and atom diffusion coefficients, as well as the electron and ion conductivities, and the thermodynamic derivatives d/dn for the electrons, ions, and atoms. The rate at which the chemical reaction occurs cancels out of D. Our results differ from those of Yokota's work, which makes a number of assumptions of uncertain validity.

2:32 pm - BA-2 - Generation of Short Pulses of Mössbauer Radiation by Emitter/Absorber Vibrational Motion, Elena Kuznetsova, Roman Kolesov, Olga Kocharovskaya, Texas A&M University, kuznetsova@rainbow.physics.tamu.edu. It is well known that if a source of monochromatic radiation is moving periodically, the emitted radiation is frequency modulated. If we send this periodically modulated signal into a medium with dispersion of group velocity, the signal gets compressed into a sequence of short pulses. We apply this idea to Mössbauer radiation modulated via eigher emitter or absorber vibration with ultrasonic frequencies. Estimates for real media show a possibility of generation of gamma-ray pulses at least two orders

of magnitude shorter than the radiative lifetime of an excited Mössbauer nucleus.2:44 pm - BA-3 - NMR and Magnetic Properties of Type-I Germanium-Copper Clathrates1, Ramsey Kamar, Yang Li, Joseph H. Ross, Jr., Texas A&M University, jhross@tamu.edu. Germanium clathrates are new materials containing a network of nanometer-sized cages, in which a wide variety of electronic and magnetic behavior is observed. We have synthesized a single-phase clathrate of the composition Ba8Ge44Cu2, and here report on its magnetic properties. SQUID magnetometry shows the material to exhibit a large diamagnetism. From 63Cu nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) we have identified two distinct copper sites, and we associate these sites with random occupancy of the 6c sites on the Ge framework, giving different local environments for Cu atoms. We identify a large paramagnetic Knight shift (metallic shift) for these NMR lines, and a measure of the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) shows that the Korringa ratio is obeyed, confirming the presence of metallic electrons as the source of these shifts. The combination of large diamagnetism and metallic NMR shifts in this material is similar to the behavior recently observed in intermetallics exhibiting hybridization-gap behavior, and also in quasi-crystalline intermetallics. We will discuss the current understanding of this behavior. 1Supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation (A-1526).

2:56 pm - BA-4 - Growth of Thin Films of C60 and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Characterization by X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy1, J. H. Rhee, Y. Li, D. Singh, S. C. Sharma, University of Texas at Arlington, sharma@uta.edu. We have designed, set-up, and tested the performance of a high vacuum (10-8 Torr) system to grow thin films of C60 and single-walled carbon nanotubes. The growth system consists of a high vacuum chamber, high current filaments to facilitate sublimation of the material and control of the substrate temperature, and a quartz crystal oscillator to monitor film thickness. We have grown thin films of C60 and single-walled carbon nanotubes on different substrates that were heated to different temperatures during thin film growth. We present results for the crystal structure, surface morphology, and the vibrational frequencies of the Raman active modes for C60 and carbon nanotubes thin films grown under different conditions. 1Research supported by the Department of Energy, grant No. DE-FG0300ER45840/A00 and the Welch Foundation, Houston, Texas.

3:08 pm - BA-5 - Raman Spectroscopy Measurements of the Vibrational Properties of UV-Polymerized C60 Thin Film and C60 Powder Compressed in a Diamond Anvil Cell1, Y. Li, D. Singh, S. C. Sharma, University of Texas at Arlington, sharma@uta.edu. We present results from a series of experiments designed to further study the effects of pressure on the vibrational properties of C60 compressed under high pressures (10 GPa) in a diamond anvil cell. The Raman scattering measurements were made by using a high resolution optical spectrometer that consists of a 1.25 m, f/11 monochromator, 2400 g/mm, ion-etched blazed holographic diffraction grating, 2048 X 512 pixel back illuminated liquid nitrogen cooled CCD camera, Super-Notch-Plus filter, argon-ion laser operating at 514.5 nm, and SpectraMax for Windows software. The Raman scattering measurements on C60 thin films

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show a large (~10 cm-1) and characteristic red shift in the pentagonal pinch mode Ag(2) of pristine C60 upon irradiation by 21.2 eV photons. Upon heating this film under 10 -3 Torr vacuum at 413 and 473 K, the Raman spectra shift towards the pentagonal pinch mode of pristine C60. These results are in agreement with previously published data (1, 2) and they show that the film is polymerized because of UV irradiation. We have also measured spectra for C60 powder compressed under high pressures in a diamond anvil cell. We present results for several frequencies of the Raman active modes of C60. 1. A. M. Rao et al, Science 259, 955 (1993); 2. S. C. Sharma et al, Mat. Res. Symp. Proc. 695, L3.10 (2002). 1Research supported by the Department of Energy, grant No. DE-FG0300ER45840/A00 and the Welch Foundation, Houston, Texas.

3:20 pm - BA-6 - The Formation of Ni81Fe19 Alloy Metallic and Monoxide Films by Dual Ion Beam Sputtering1, Steven Rios, Dana Larison, Shannon Fritz, Anup Bandyopadhyay, Carlos Gutierrez, Southwest Texas State University, cg08@swt.edu, Albert Tijerina, International SEMATECH and SWT. We report the tailoring of Ni81Fe19 alloy metal and metastable monoxide films on thermox silicon wafers using low energy (~80 eV) molecular oxygen ion beams. The ferromagnetic NiFe alloy and antiferromagnetic (Ni81Fe19)O films are useful for fabricating exchange biased magnetic films for fundamental giant magnetoresistance investigations. Although these metallic and monoxide film materials also can be formed by magnetron sputtering, we demonstrate that the metastable monoxide films can be formed at reduced temperatures using the reactive dual ion beam sputtering process. We report the crystalline, interfacial and layering characteristics of these materials using a battery of x-ray characterization techniques (theta-two-theta powder diffraction, parallel beam powder diffraction and x-ray reflectivity). In addition, the magnetic properties of these films at room temperature are also reported. 1The authors acknowledge support from the NSF DMR and the Robert A. Welch Foundaiton.

3:32 pm - BA-7 - Optical Characterization of Atomically Ordered GaAsSb Epilayers Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Multiple Orientations of GaAs, Reiko Lukic-Zrnic, Ryan Cottier, Brian Gorman, Terry Golding, Christopher Littler, University of North Texas, jduggan@unt.edu, Andrew Norman, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. We have optically characterized a series of GaAs1-x Sbx epilayers (0.5 < x < 0.7) grown on seminsulating GaAs substrates with surface orientations of (001), (001) – 8° toward (111)B and (001) – 8° toward (111)A. These orientations were chosen to induce various degrees of CuPt ordering in the epilayers. Modulation in the [110] direction with a periodicity of 4d110 has been observed in some of these samples [1, 2]. For each of these samples we have investigated the bandgap as a function of temperature (4K < T < 300K) using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Our preliminary results suggest that the observed bandgaps are less than that predicted by published empirical relationships for the random alloys. We interpret the observed bandgap reduction (of the order of 5%) to be due to the CuPt ordering. We have determined the bandgaps as a function of temperature from the absorption spectra and used these results to determine the Varshni coefficients, and . 1. I. J. Murgatroyd, A. G. Norman, and G. R. Booker, J. Appl. Phys. 67 (5), 2310

(1990), 2. Z. Zhung, J. H. Li, J. Kulik, P. C. Chow, A. G. Norman, A. Mascarenhas, J. Bai, T. D. Golding, and S. C. Moss, Phys. Rev. B. 63, 033314 (2001).

3:56 pm - BA-8 - Electrodeposition of Copper Indium Disulfide, Steven Scurlock, Robert Friedfeld, Stephen F. Austin State University, z_scurlocksp@sfasu.edu. One of the materials that is useful in constructing photovoltaic devices is a Copper Indium Disulfide compound. Its band gap is well suited to the peak frequencies in the solar spectrum. The process of manufacturing CuInS2 in an electrodeposition process with a rotating disk electrode is shown. Experimental results showing the determination of electrodeposition potential, and also the effect of temperature and rotation rate are given.

4:08 pm - BA-9 - Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of Patterned Thin NiFe-35% Films, Claude Garrett, Wilhelmus Geerts, Greg Spencer, Southwest Texas State University, cg02049@swt.edu. It is well-known that the magnetic properties of granular or microstructured materials differ from those of continuous thin films. The magnetic reversal mechanism depends (among other things) on the size of the magnetic entities. Large magneto-elastic effects are to be expected if those entities approach the single domain limit which makes these systems interesting candidates in pressure, acceleration, and force sensors. Thin NiFe-35% films were magnetron sputtered onto cleaned silicon substrates. We used a laser beam writing system and photolithography techniques to etch large arrays of micro-structures (1-100 micron). The gross magnetic properties were examined using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Detailed magnetic properties of the patterned films were examined using a Magneto-Optical Kerr Tracer. The Kerr rotation of the specular and first diffracted peak were measured as a function of the applied field. These results as well as the results of the influence of patterning on the magneto-elastic properties of the thin films will be discussed.

4:20 pm - BA-10 - Advanced X-Ray Characterization of ULSI-Grade Cu and Ta Blanket Films1, Dana Larison, Steven Rios, Shannon Fritz, Anup Bandyopadhyay, Carlos Gutierrez, Southwest Texas State University, cg08@swt.ed,. Bradley Melnick, Motorola. Copper and Tantalum are gaining popularity for implementation in increasingly complex backside metallization structures for deep submicron linewidth ultralarge scale integrated circuits. Although Cu is an excellent conductor, it can rapidly diffuse into silicon. Thus, thick Cu films must be fabricated with thin Ta diffusion barrier layers with acceptable crystalline microstructure for device implementation. We report the results of a combined x-ray characterization survey of 100 nm PVD and 100 nm PVD + 400 nm thick Electroplated Cu films on thin Ta diffusion layer coated thermal oxide coated Si wafers. High angle diffraction, grazing incidence parallel beam powder diffraction and x-ray reflectivity were implemented and permitted the tracking of the degradation of the (111) fiber-texturing in the films in the electroplated Cu layer deposited on the PVD (sputtered) Cu seed layer. In addition, the nature of the interfaces of the Ta diffusion barrier layer was non-destructively probed revealing the presence of a very thin Ta oxide interfacial layer on the silicon dioxide coated substrate. 1The authors

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acknowledge support from the NSF DMR and the Robert A. Welch Foundation.

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4:32 pm - BA-11 - Inverse Metallic Photonic Crystals Templated from FCC Synthetic Opals Constructed by the Gravitational-Charge Assembly of Silica Micro-Spheres, Preston Landon, Bog Kim, Loig Bourree, Tim Renfro, John Vass, Kenneth Huffman, Alan Dalton, Robert Glosser, Anvar Zakhidov, Rockford Drapper, Ray Baughman, University of Texas at Dallas, glosser@utdallas.edu. This presentation describes our recent work in producing mesoporous synthetic opals (MSO's) from SiO2 (silica) micro-spheres and inverse metallic photonic crystals. We used gravitational-charge assembly to guide the construction of face centered cubic (FCC) opals by controlling the surface charge, Debye length, variation in diameter and weight-to-weight (w/w) concentration of the colloidal micro-spheres. The surface charge of the micro-spheres arises from the adsorption of ions to the surface of the spheres. The magnitude and sign of the charge on the spheres is regulated by the pH of the solution and the Debye length is controlled by the electrolyte concentration. The surface charge, Debye length and the w/w concentrations of the colloidal micro-sphere solutions have shown to be extremely important for the nearest neighbor and next nearest neighbor interactions in the gravitational-charge assembly process responsible for the FCC crystalline structure of the (MSO's). The (MSO's) were infiltrated with metal and the silica was dissolved with hydrofluoric acid leaving behind a metallic inverse photonic crystal.

4:44 pm - BA-12 - The Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Cobalt Silicide Films Formed by Rapid Thermal Annealing1, Shannon Fritz, Dana Larison, Steven Rios, Anup Bandyopadhyay, Carlos Gutierrez, Southwest Texas State University, cg08@swt.edu, Daniel Chesire, Agere Systems. Cobalt silicide films have been formed from the rapid thermal annealing of magnetron sputtered cobalt films on silicon typical for the salicide process used in modern integrated circuit microelectronic device fabrication. These cobalt silicides are of current interest for low resistance ohmic source/drain contacts in ULSI silicon microelectronics. We have applied advanced x-ray characterization (high angle x-ray powder diffraction, glancing incidence parallel beam powder diffraction and x-ray reflectivity) to study the crystalline and interfacial/roughness changes in these films as a function of annealing. Two annealing procedures (low and high temperature) were implemented to produce crystalline cobalt monosilicide and cobalt disilicide films from the near-amorphous as-deposited Co films with a correlated roughening of the film. Vibrating sample magnetometry was also used to track the loss of ferromagnetism in the Co due to salicidation. 1The authors acknowledge support from the NSF DMR and the Robert A. Welch Foundation.

4:56 pm - BA-13 - Photoemission and X-Ray Diffraction Measurements to Study the Effects of Pressure on the Valence Band Structures of Copper and Silver1, B. Ha, J. H. Rhee, D. Singh, S. C. Sharma, University of Texas at Arlington, sharma@uta.edu. We present results from a series of experiments designed to study the effects of pressure on the valence band structures of noble metals. Polycrystalline Cu and Ag were compressed by applying uniaxial pressures up to 500 MPa. Resulting changes in the crystal structures were studied by x-ray diffraction and they facilitated determination of residual pressures in the sample. The electronic valence band structures

were measured by our UHV photoemission spectroscopy system that utilizes 21.2 eV photons from a He-I radiation source, double-pass cylindrical electron energy analyzer, and 3 kV argon-ion sputtering source, etc. In comparison to the photoemission spectra measured for the uncompressed samples, the spectra of the compressed samples show expected shifts in the Fermi energy, reduction in the density of the electronic states at the Fermi level, and significant changes in the valence band structures. 1Research supported by the Department of Energy, grant No. DE-FG0300ER45840/A00 and the Welch Foundation, Houston, Texas.

5:08 pm - BA-14 - Two-Body Schrödinger Equation for Hydrogen-Like Atom in Constant Electric and Magnetic Fields, Donald H. Kobe, University of North Texas, kobe@unt.edu, Wolfgang P. Schleich, University of Ulm. The two-body Hamiltonian for a hydrogen-like atom in constant electric and magnetic fields is expressed in terms of the center-of-mass and relative coordinates. The Schrödinger equation is not separable. The multipolar gauge is used in which the scalar and vector potentials are expressed in terms of the electric and magnetic fields, respectively. A unitary transformation is then made to reduce the coupling between the coordinates, but some coupling still remains. The energy variational principle is used with the total wave function written in the Hartree approximation as a product of a wave function for the center-of-mass coordinate and a wave function for the relative coordinate. The relative wave function satisfies a Schrödinger equation with the reduced mass and effective charges for the coupling to the electric and magnetic fields.

2:20 pm - BB-1 - Swept Standing Wave Detection of Microscopic Particles, G.W. Sherman, C. C. Bradley, Texas Christian University, g.w.sherman@student.tcu.edu. In science and industry, there is need for real-time detection and categorization of microscopic and nanoscale particles. For example, numerous commercial processes involving the production of specific particulate flows may be fine-tuned via feedback from real-time particle detection. Emissions controls, environmental studies, and air-quality monitoring are other areas that would benefit from such capability. We are developing a method for detecting small particles, using a set of spatially scanned laser standing wave probes. A particle crossing a probe region will scatter light that is modulated via the sweep of the standing wave. From this modulated light we will be able to electronically detect and sort particles of widely varying sizes in real-time. We hope to develop this as a general technique for detection of particles ranging from tens of microns down to the nanoscale. In addition, we plan to apply this same technique to obtain high-resolution spatial probing of a laser-cooled atomic beam that has been patterned with nanoscale features via dipole-force focusing.

2:32 pm - BB-2 - Mueller Matrix Imaging and Hidden Object Detection, Deric Gray, George Kattawar, Texas A&M University, rainman@rainbow.physics.tamu.edu. The use of polarimetry in imaging could prove to be the Holy Grail for identifying object embedded in highly turbid media. It is slowly being incorporated in such fields as ocean optics, atmospheric remote sensing, and even tissue optics where it is showing promise as a means of detecting precancerous lesions of the skin.

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We have a written a state-of-the-art Monte Carlo program to calculate the complete multiple scattering Mueller matrix for an object embedded in a scattering and absorbing medium. We will show that when normal radiance imaging fails to detect an object against its background, other polarimetric parameters, which can be measured in near real-time, can be used to detect it. In addition, objects having surface regions with different polarimetric properties but the same color and albedo can be distinguished. This is particularly useful when trying to detect camouflaged objects. The contrast sensitivity will be explored as a function of the target albedo, the medium albedo, and the volume scattering function.

2:44 pm - BB-3 - Photonic Bandgaps in Lorenz-Mie Scattering by Concentrically Stratified Spheres1, Kirk Fuller, University of Alabama in Huntsville, fuller@nsstc.uah.edu, David Smith, Marshall Space Flight Center. Scattering and absorption of plane wave radiation by homogeneous spheres with sizes comparable to the wavelength of illumination is described rigorously by Lorenz-Mie theory. We will present a development of the solution for light scattering by multilayered spheres that is completely analogous to that for propagation of electromagnetic plane waves through systems of planar dielectric multilayers. This new formalism allows concentric multi-layered spherical (or cylindrical) structures to be treated as photonic bandgap (PBG) materials in a manner that exploits existing methods for analysis of one-dimensional PBG materials. Conditions for the equivalence between a multilayered sphere's back scatter efficiency and the normal-incidence reflectance of a stack of planar dielectric layers will be established. Representative results from a Lorenz-Mie-type code employing the analogy with conventional 1-D PBG treatments will be shown to demonstrate that photonic bands are present for periodic concentric spheres. The periodicity enhances, for example, the ratio of backscattering to forward scattering inside the bandgap. 1Supported, in part, by NASA contract NCC8-200.

2:56 pm - BB-4 - Electronic and Structural Response of InSb to Ultra-short and Ultra-intense Laser Pulses, Andrea Burzo, Roland Allen, Texas A&M University, allen@tamu.edu. The present work is motivated in part by the increasing interest in a better understanding of the optical properties of InSb, the main material used to manufacture infrared detectors. In addition, there have been recent experimental studies of the behavior of InSb following application of ultra-short and ultra-intense laser pulses. Motivated directly by these experiments, we have performed simulations of the electron-ion dynamics of InSb subjected to femtosecond-scale laser pulses. These simulations employ a tight-binding approximation, and the time-dependent Schroedinger equation is solved with an adapted Cayley algorithm which conserves probability. The atomic forces are obtained from a generalized Hellmann-Feynman theorem, which may be also interpreted as a generalized Ehrenfest theorem. We find that above a certain threshold intensity the lattice loses its tetrahedral structure and becomes disrupted. In addition, the band gap collapses and the material becomes metallic. Comparison of our simulations with experiments involving measurements of the imaginary part of the dielectric function shows good agreement in all important aspects. Further investigation of microscopic quantities, such as the atomic pair correlation function, the occupancies of excited states, and the

displacement of atoms from their initial positions, strengthens our conclusion that the semiconductor exhibits a nonthermal phase transition as the intensity of the laser pulse is increased.

3:08 pm - BB-5 - Versatile Microscopic Photoluminescence Apparatus, Loig Bourree, Robert Glosser, Stefano Pitassi, Justin Schaefers, University of Texas at Dallas, glosser@utdallas.edu, David Chasse, Joseph Estrera, Renee Hetter, Northrop Grumman Electro-Optical Systems. Optical characterization of solids is well established in semiconductor research and industry to investigate a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. Among these, photoluminescence (PL) is in particularly widespread use, due to its direct relation to radiative components, making it indispensable for the development of optoelectronic devices. By giving the proper excitation energy to a material, emissions corresponding to energy transitions may be observed and analyzed using a spectrometer. We have developed a PL apparatus that incorporates a microscope. There are two main purposes for this interest in a micro-PL setup. First, due to a poor radiative recombination probability and contribution of multiple non-radiative states from a solid, the PL signal at room temperature is usually weak and broad. Another consideration is the recent developments in nano-technology. It has become difficult to isolate single entities on a wafer due to the laser beam diameters (>1mm). The microscope allows for a reduction of the excitation beam to a 1-micron spot size as well as providing superior signal collection efficiency. The entire setup is controlled using LabVIEW and may be reconfigured easily to perform other optical measurements. In this study, we are presenting the configuration of this apparatus showing the many advantages of this tabletop system. In addition, we are showing some basic results obtained on GaAs wafers, as well as other materials, at room temperature to illustrate these enhancements.

3:20 pm - BB-6 - Effects of Laser Pulse Shape and Beam Profile on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency, Kuo-Cheng Chen, Cyrus D. Cantrell, University of Texas at Dallas, kcchen@utdallas.edu. Effects of Gaussian pulse shape and beam profile on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in strong probe intensity regime under a context of laser pulse propagations were investigated. By employing a laser pulse-sequencing method, previously discussed theoretically by Oreg, Hioe, and Eberly (Phys. Rev. A 29 690 (1984)) and demonstrated experimentally by Gaubatz et al. (Chem. Phys. Lett. 149 463 (1988)), we computationally showed that an enhanced EIT for an intense probe laser with peak Rabi frequency up to several terahertz could be obtained under a Raman resonance condition in a three-level -type atom. Proper arrangements for both time delay and beam diameter of two injected lasers were shown to be a crucial step to enhance EIT effect.

3:44 pm - BB-7 - Squeezing of Vacuum Fluctuations via Zeeman Coherence, Irina Novikova, Andrey B. Matsko, George R. Welch, Texas A&M University, irina@leona.physics.tamu.edu. We suggest a promising way to obtain the squeezing of vacuum fluctuations. We study the interaction of linearly polarized light with atoms in a double-Lambda configuration, where the two lower levels are Zeeman

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sublevels of the atomic ground state and the upper levels are the hyperfine components of the atomic excited state. In such systems, Kerr nonlinearity associated with the ac-Stark effect causes self-rotation of the elliptical polarization. However, when the linearly polarized light traverses such a medium, squeezed vacuum is produced in the orthogonal polarization. The ground-state coherence in this atomic scheme helps to resolve the usual problem of squeezing generation - destruction of squeezed states by resonant absorption. For the double-Lambda scheme, the electromagnetic field is resonant with one transition and far detuned from the other, so the absorption is strongly suppressed due to Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. We also perform the experiments to study the self-rotation of elliptical polarization in Rb vapor to verify the applicability of the developed theory for real atoms. We demonstrate that the self-rotation follows the prediction of the theory if the absorption in the medium is low, and the EIT regime is established. We also analyzed the optimal conditions for squeezing generation including the choice of Rb isotope, laser power, atomic density, etc. We expect squeezing up to -10dB may be achieved under realistic conditions.

3:56 pm - BB-8 - Experimental Study of Stokes Linewidth in Resonant Four-Wave Mixing in Hot Rb Vapor, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Yuri V. Rostovtsev, George R. Welch, Texas A&M University, evmik@tamu.edu. We have performed a study of resonant four-wave mixing in hot Rb atomic vapor. Our experimental results show that the transmission linewidth of the generated Stokes component is significantly broader than for the weak anti-Stokes component. Also we report a linear dependence of the resonance linewidth on the drive field for both Stokes and anti-Stokes components. Results of numerical simulations on a simplified 4 level model are in a good agreement with the experiment.

4:08 pm - BB-9 - Doppler-Free Three-Photon Absorption and Transparency in Hot Atomic Vapor, C. Y. Ye, Texas A&M University, A. S. Zibrov, Harvard University, Y. V. Rostovtsev, A. B. Matsko, M. O. Scully, Texas A&M University, mos@tamu.edu. Three-photon Doppler-free absorption (up to 95%) and three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency (TPEIT) is theoretically predicted and experimentally observed in the inhomogeneously broadened quasi- degenerate four-level atomic 85Rb vapor, which is driven by the two laser fields, one laser acts as probe and the other as drive. The TPEIT is observed by the probe absorption spectrum when the drive laser is far detuned from its atomic resonance by an amount equal to the ground state hyperfine splitting of 85Rb. We study the effects that both laser intensity and drive detuning have on three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency in both inhomogeneously and homogeneously broadened medium. The exact numerical simulations and analytical computations show a good agreement with experimental measurements. The quasi-degenerate four-level scheme can be adiabatically transformed to the well-known three-level cascade scheme. We analytically prove the absorption and transparency resonances, observed in our experiment, can be treated as a three-photon hyper-Raman resonance absorption and TPEIT, respectively.

4:20 pm - BB-10 - Vibrational Analysis and Ring-Twisting Potential Energy Function for 1, 2-Dihydronapthalene in its S0 and S1 Electronic States, Daniel Autrey, Zane Arp, Jaan Laane, Texas A&M University, laane@mail.chem.tamu.edu. The infrared and Raman spectra of 1, 2-dihydronaphthalene have been recorded and compared to frequencies obtained from ab initio calculations using density functional theory (B3LYP) and the 6-311++G** basis set. From the single-vibronic level fluorescence (SVLF) spectra and electronic absorption spectra, transitions were observed to determine a potential energy function for the ring-twisting vibration in the electronic ground (S0) state. The fluorescence excitation and the electronic absorption spectra were used to determine a potential energy function for the ring-twisting vibration in the electronic excited (S1) state. Ab initio calculations using second order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) were used to calculate a barrier to planarity, and this was compared to the barrier determined from the experimental data.

4:32 pm - BB-11 - Optical Properties of Ammonium Nitrate Aerosols1, Kirk Fuller, University of Alabama in Huntsville, fuller@nsstc.uah.edu, Maurice Jarzembski, Marshall Space Flight Center, Vandana Srivastava, University Space Research Association, Rebecca Coffman, Lucent Technologies, Harry Downing, Stephen F. Austin State University. Warming of the Earth by greenhouse gases is offset, to some degree, by airborne particulate matter; i.e., by atmospheric aerosols. The degree of this offset is currently the greatest source of uncertainty in atmospheric radiation models used to predict climate change. In order to reduce this uncertainty, it is necessary to develop a better understanding of the abundance and physical nature of different particle species present in the aerosol, and of their radiative properties. We will present newly available data on the complex refractive index of NH4NO3, an important constituent of the atmospheric aerosol. We will then discuss how these data bear on lidar retrievals of aerosol loading and chemical speciation, particularly with respect to the use of a tunable, coherent, CW CO2 lidar developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center. Solid and concentrated aqueous solution aerosol will be discussed and comparisons of back scatter cross sections will be made with those of the more pervasive (NH4)2SO4 aerosol constituent. The utility of the Lorentz oscillator model in work of this nature will also be addressed. 1Supported, in part, by NASA contract NCC8-200.

4:44 pm - BB-12 - The Vibrational Potential Energy Surface of Coumaran in its S1 Electronic Excited State, Zane Arp, Jaan Laane, Texas A&M University, laane@mail.chem.tamu.edu. The fluorescent excitation spectrum (FES), ultraviolet absorption spectrum (UV), and single vibronic level fluorescence (SVLF) spectra of 1, 3-dihydrobenzofuran (coumaran) have been analyzed. The FES and UV were used to assign the ring-puckering and ring-flapping vibronic energy levels for the S1 lowest electronic excited state. These levels allow the vibrational potential energy surface of coumaran to be determined for the excited state. The SVLF spectra verify previous assignments which were utilized to calculate the potential energy surface of coumaran in its electronic ground (S0) state. The barriers to planarity for both the ground and electronic excited states of coumeran will be compared to analogous barriers for other molecules in the indan family which

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are similar in structure to coumaran. Ab initio calculations, in general, give good agreement with the experimentally determined barriers to planarity.

4:56 pm - BB-13 - Electroreflectance Experimentation in the VUV at the University of Texas at Dallas, Timothy Renfro, R. Glosser, Preston Landon, University of Texas at Dallas, glosser@utdallas.edu, Mohammad Al-Kuhaili, King Faud University. This discussion will include a variety of details and choice methods of a unique, ongoing electroreflectance experiment using a tabletop vacuum ultra violet system at the University of Texas at Dallas. This system has a spectral range of 2 to 10eV that allows the measuring of wide gap semiconductors as well as high order transitions. These capabilities prove to be valuable for supplying information on new materials being applied.

3:00 pm - BC-1 - Design of an Experiment to Study Optical Properties of Nanometer-Size Droplets of Liquid Crystalline Materials Dispersed in a Polymer-Matrix1, R. A. Ramsey, S. C. Sharma, University of Texas at Arlington, sharma@uta.edu. Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films constitute an important class of materials with applications in electrically switchable optical devices (1). Recently, a new effect in the switching behavior of PDLC's has been observed that reinforces the importance of non-spherical liquid crystal (lc) droplets and buildup of charges at the lc-polymer interface (2). We briefly discuss the main findings of this recent work. We also discuss our plans to synthesize new PDLC's and further investigate their optical properties with particular attention on their sensitivity to radiation. 1. F. Simoni, "Nonlinear optical properties of liquid crystals and polymer dispersed liquid crystals", World Scientific 1997; 2. S. C. Sharma, L. Zhang, A. J. Tapiawala, and P. C. Jain, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 105501 (2001). 1Research supported in part by the Texas Advanced Technology Program.

3:00 pm - BC-2 - Temperature Dependence of Ce Valence in CeT2Si2-Based Systems, Gan Liang, Qiuliang Yao, Sam Houston State University, phy_gnl@unx1.shsu.edu. Mixed-valent Ce compounds show strong valence variation below room temperature. Here, we report Ce L3-valence results for two CeT2(Si1-xGex)2 compound series, with T=Mn and Ni, respectively. For the T=Mn series, the Mn-sublattice is magnetically ordered. We have measured the Ce-L3 absorption spectra at about ten different temperatures from room temperature down to about 10 K. The following features are observed for these two series: (1) for the entire series, Ce L3-valence increases with the decrease of temperature; (2) The Ce L3-valence shows little temperature-induced change for the nearly trivalent compounds (x is close to 1.0), this is especially clear for the T = Mn series compounds; (3) for the T = Mn series in the x < 0.6 range, the change in valence from 10 K to room temperature can be as large as 0.07e. The observed thermal variation of Ce L3-valence can be explained with theoretical results of the degenerate Anderson Model by Bickers, et al.

3:00 pm - BC-3 - Photodetachment of Alkali Negative IonsJ. C. Hunnell, S. J. Ward, University of North Texas, jchunnell@yahoo.com, J. Sandström, D. Hanstorp, Chalmers University of Technology and Götenberg University, D. J. Pegg, University of Tennessee. We have analyzed experimentally measured cross sections1 of the photodetachment of Li- into an

electron and an excited-state lithium above the corresponding excited-state threshold2. Various excited-states of lithium were considered; namely, Li(2p), Li(3p), Li(4p), Li(3s), and Li(4s). We also analyzed the cross section of the photodetachment of K-

into e---K(4p) above the K(4p) threshold3. We employed the top-of-barrier theory4 and the single-channel version of Watanabe and Greene's effective range theory5. We obtained the s-wave scattering lengths for e--Li(2p), e--Li(3p), e--Li(4p) and e--K(4p) scattering. Furthermore, we located the pole in the (single-channel) S-matrix corresponding to the s-wave virtual state of the e--Li(2p) system. We acknowledge support by NSF under grant no. PHY-9780016 and by UNT. 1. G. Haeffler, D. Hanstorp, I. Yu. Kiyan, A. E. Klinkmüller, U. Ljungblad and D. J. Pegg, unpublished. 2. S. J. Ward, J. C. Hunnell and J. H. Macek, accepted for publication Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B. 3. K. T. Andersson, J. Sandström, I. Yu. Kiyan, D. Hanstorp and D. J. Pegg, Phys. Rev. A 62, 022503-1 (2000). 4. S. J. Ward and J. H. Macek, Phys. Rev. A 62, 052715-1 (2000). 5. S. Watanabe and C. H. Greene, Phys. Rev. A 22, 158 (1980).

3:00 pm - BC-4 - Design of an Experiment to Study the Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Electrical Conductivity of C60-based Materials1, R. Govinthasamy, S. C. Sharma, University of Texas at Arlington, sharma@uta.edu. We present and discuss the design of an experiment to study the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of materials, in particular the C60-based fullerenes. Our computer-automated system is based on the standard four-probe resistivity measurement technique utilizing a Source-Measure unit and a Displex closed-cycle liquid helium cryostat controlling sample temperature between 10 - 295 K. We will also discuss our plans to modify this system to enable applications of high pressures using diamond anvil cell. Such a modification will allow investigations of the electrical conductivity as a function of high pressure at low temperatures. 1Research supported by the Department of Energy, grant No. DE-FG0300ER45840/A00 and the Welch Foundation, Houston, Texas.

3:00 pm - BC-5 - The Dynamics of Liquid Marbles in Microgravity, Kelly A. Perkins, Patricia R. Quarles, University of Texas at Dallas, kellyp@utdallas.edu. A poster describing the UTD/SPS Microgravity Team's experiment that will by flying the week of March 12, 2002 with the 2002 NASA-JSC Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program.

11:12 am - SPS-3 - Decay Properties and State Lifetimes in 128Te from an Inelastic Neutron Scattering (n,n') Reaction, John Boehringer, University of Dallas, jboehri@acad.udallas.edu. Gamma-ray spectroscopy following inelastic neutron scattering has been used to study the low-lying level structure of the 128Te nucleus. Measurements were made at the University of Kentucky Van de Graaff Laboratory; excited levels to 3.3 MeV excitation were studied. Gamma-ray angular distributions and Doppler shifts were measured at 2.2, 2.8 and 3.3 MeV, and g-ray excitation functions were measured between 2 MeV and 3.4 MeV in 90 keV steps. These data have been used to compile a level and decay scheme, deduce level spins and parities, lifetimes, branching ratios and multipole-mixing ratios. Electromagnetic transition rates determined from these data will be presented. Experimental results will be compared to model calculations from the interacting boson model and the particle-

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core coupling model. This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation.

11:24 am - SPS-4 - CuInSe2 and CuInS2 for Photovoltaic Applications, Steven Scurlock, Robert Friedfeld, Stephen F. Austin State University, rfriedfeld@sfasu.edu. CuInSe2 and CuInS2 are chalcopyrite semiconductors with direct bandgaps between 1.0 – 1.5 eV. These materials are ideal candidates for application to thin film photovoltaics because they offer many advantages over other semiconductors currently in use. These advantages include very high absorption coefficients over a large range of wavelengths, extremely high resistance to damage by particle radiation (high energy charged particles), ability to be fabricated by inexpensive methods such as electro-chemical deposition. These factors make these materials highly suitable for terrestrial and space photovoltaic applications. Presented in this talk will be an overview of our research efforts in the Thin Films Lab at SFASU in the development of non-vacuum deposition methods for the synthesis of CuInSe2 and CuInS2 thin films.

2:20 pm - SPS-7 - Invited Talk: "Auguries of Innocence" Reprise: "To See Cosmology in a Quetzal..." (with apologies to William Blake), Dwight E. Neuenschwander, Southern Nazarene University, dneuensc@snu.edu. Once a year I teach astronomy in the tropical forests of Costa Rica. At these latitudes, where every surface is alive, astronomical realities that constrain life's options have an in-your-face immediacy. In the first half of the talk I will illustrate how stellar evolution provides the energy, elements, and timescale for biological evolution. Biodiversity is our gift from the stars. But in the tropics one also sees, on a rapid timescale, the destruction of biodiversity, the planet's lost innocence. Solutions to Earth's astrobiology problems must take into account economic, cultural, and political realities, as well as scientific ones. So in the second half of the talk I will describe another "ecosystem," the network now being formed of young people valiantly confronting these problems. The importance of seeing the long-term view is crucial, a task enhanced by the study of astronomy. I invite us "To see cosmology in the quetzal…"

Saturday, March 9, 20029:10 am - PL-4 - Recent Results and Prospects from the Fermilab Tevatron, Vaia Papadimitriou, Texas Tech University, vaia@tthep1.phys.ttu.edu. The Tevatron Collider, located at Fermilab, is the the world's highest-energy particle accelerator. It accelerates protons and antiprotons close to the speed of light and then makes them collide head-on inside the CDF and D0 detectors which are being used to study the products of such collisions. The accelerator and both detectors have been substantially upgraded in the past few years and CDF and D0 started taking data again in July 2001. I will summarize here important recent physics results and prospects for the next several years.

10:12 am - CA-1 - Construction of the ICD Electronics for D0, Benjamin Williams, Lee Sawyer, Louisiana Tech University, sawyer@phys.latech.edu. This talk will describe the construction of the Intercryostat Detector (ICD) electronics at Louisiana Tech from 2000 to 2002. It will also describe the

methods used to determine the accuracy of the equipment. This Intercryostat Detector is a scintillator-based layer of calorimetry. Light signals are converted into an electrical signal, amplified and shaped, and passed into the experiment readout. It is incorporated into the calorimetry of the D0 experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Lab's Tevatron collider. As a part of D0, the ICD will be used in searches for the Higgs, new phenomena, and precision measurements of the Standard Model.

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10:24 am - CA-2 - Reconstruction of the B+ Meson with Recent CDF Data, Kenneth Carrell, Texas Tech University, carrell@fnal.gov. This is a report on the reconstruction of the charged B meson in the decay channel B+ → J K+ ; J → +

- with the recent CDF data at the Fermilab Tevatron.

10:36 am - CA-3 - Search for Supersymmetric Top in the Decay of the Top Quark Using D0 Detector, Yan Song, Kaushik De, University of Texas at Arlington, ysong@fnal.gov. The 81.23 pb-1 of data collected by the D0 detector at the Tevatron between 1994 and 1995 was analyzed. The data corresponds to 1.8 TeV collision. This analysis searched for top decays to stop and neutralino. The stop was subsequently assumed to decay into a charm quark and neutralino. The observable final state is 4 jets and missing Et. We searched over one million events and found no evidence for this signature over background. Details of the signal, calculation of background and the analysis technique used will be presented.

10:48 am - CA-4 - The Need for Neutron-Proton Scattering Data, B.F. Gibson, Los Alamos National Lab, gibson@paths.lanl.gov. Fundamental aspects of the NN interaction, such as charge independence breaking (CIB), have not been mapped, although the unequal charge radii of the trinucleon isodoublet attests to the importance of CIB in the NN force just as np bound/antibound states attest to the importance of isospin symmetry breaking. Significant progress in the pp sector has been made with recent IUCF measurements1. The need for similar precision data in the np sector is clear. For Lab energies below 40 MeV, there exist primarily cross section and Ay data. Spin-correlation measurements are lacking. As one example, below 20 MeV there exists a single Ayy datum at 13.7 MeV. The partial wave amplitude prediction lies more than 50% higher than the nominal value of the measurement2. Without high quality data a real understanding of CIB in the NN interaction will remain beyond our grasp. 1. B. v. Prezewoski et al., Phys. Rev. C 58, 1897 (1998). 2. R. Timmermans, priv. comm.

11:00 am - CA-5 - The Density of Strangeness in Heavy Ion Collision, Michael Murray, Texas A&M University, murray@comp.tamu.edu. A particles phase space density ħ3

dN/d3p/d3x tell us the probability to find a particle in a phase space element of size ħ3. For a system in chemical equilibrium the phase density can be described in terms of the chemical potential and the temperature. The first measurements of kaon phase space densities are presented as a function of mT, and the number of participants. The kaon phase space density increases with the number of participants from e+e- to PbPb collisions but falls with . However the ratio of the kaon and pion phase space densities at low pT is independent of the number of participants for =17GeV. The kaon densities are compared to pion and proton phase space densities at similar transverse mass and analyzed in terms of chemical potentials and the freezeout temperature and transverse flow.

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11:12 am - CA-6 - Participant Fragments and Ni+Au HIC Caloric Curve, Armando Barranon, UAM-A, Mexico City, bca@correo.azc.uam.mx, Jorge Lopez, The University of Texas at El Paso, Claudio Dorso, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Collisions were simulated using LATINO semiclassical model where binary nucleonic interaction is reproduced by Pandharipande Potential. Participant fragments were detected using an Early Cluster Recognition Algorithm and cluster temperature was obtained following kinetic gas theory. In this fashion a rise-plateau caloric curve for Ni+Au HIC at intermediate energies was obtained when thermal equilibration is signed by the biggest fragment temperature. An initial rise of this curve is followed by a plateau at about 5 MeV, in agreement with experimental results, as promptly emitted particles carry out an increasing amount of energy. Authors acknowledge financial support from NSF fund PHY-96-00038 and UAM-A supercomputing Lab.

11:24 am - CA-7 - Superallowed Beta Decay: The Cases of 34-Ar and 34-Cl, V. E. Mayes, J. C. Hardy, V. E. Iacob, M. Sanchez-Vega, R. G. Neilson, A. Azhari, C. A. Gagliardi, L. Trache, R. E. Tribble, Texas A&M University, mayes@comp.tamu.edu. Superallowed 0+ → 0+ nuclear beta decays provide the best test of the Conserved Vector Current (CVC) hypothesis, as well as the most accurate value for the up-down quark-mixing matrix element, Vud, of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix, when combined with the muon lifetime. As part of the on-going effort at Texas Aamp;M University to determine the ft values of Tz = -1 superallowed emitters to within a precision of less than 0.1%, experiments have been conducted to measure the half-lives of 34Ar (T1/2 0.8 s) and 34Cl (T1/2 1.53 s) using a 4 proportional gas counter. While 34Cl is a Tz = 1 superallowed emitter whose ft values have previously been determined to within the required precision, it is also the daughter of 34Ar. Any measurement of -particles alone includes the growth and decay of 34Cl along with the decay of 34Ar. For this reason, a precise measurement of the 34Cl half-life has been made in order to improve the precision to which the 34Ar half-life can be determined. Preliminary results will be outlined and discussed.

11:36 am - CA-8 - Production of Extremely Neutron-Rich Rare Isotopes at Texas A&M, G. A. Souliotis, M. Veselsky, S. J. Yennello, Texas A&M University, soulioti@comp.tamu.edu. The production of extermely neutron-rich isotopes in heavy-ion collisions around and below the Fermi energy (~30 MeV/ncleon) has been investigated using the MARS recoil separator at the Cyclotron Institute of Texas Aamp;M University. At present, the reactions: 25 MeV/nucleon 86Kr + 64Ni and 21 MeV/nucleon 124Sn+124Sn have been investigated. The experimental results on cross sections obtained to date will be presented and compared with reaction simulations appropriate for this energy domain. The current calculations involve a deep inelastic transfer code for the primary interaction stage and a modern statistical evaporation code for the deexcitation stage. The results are also compared with higher energy projectile fragmentation data and available parametrizations. In general, we show that such reactions, near or below the Fermi energy, involving substantial nucleon exchange between the projectile and the target, can be a fruitful pathway to approach extremely neutron-rich nuclei

towards the neutron drip-line. Apart from in-flight possibilities, the option of utilizing this type of reaction for rare isotope

production in ISOL-based facilities will be mentioned. Finally, application of such reactions in current plans of both in-flight and ISOL-type rare beam production at Texas A&M will be discussed.

10:12 am - CB-1 - Solar Modulation of Inner Trapped Belt Radiation Dose Rate, Abel Diaz, Texas Tech University, diazbill@hotmail.com. The two steady sources of radiation in low Earth orbit are the inner trapped-belt and galactic cosmic radiation (GCR), which present a very significant hazard to the astronauts and flight equipment electronics. The fluxes of GCR and inner trapped-belt particles at a fixed altitude are modulated by solar activity. They decrease with increasing solar activity in general. The mechanism of these two sources of radiation are, however, very different. In this project we shall be concerned with modeling the inner trapped-belt protons. The existing trapped-belt model, namely AP-8, is based on data acquired prior to 1970 during solar cycle 20 with relatively low solar flux. These models describe the environment at solar minimum and solar maximum only. Cycles 21 and 22 were much larger, but no valid radiation model exists for such large values. Moreover, the existing models like AP-8, CRRESPRO, and GOST describe the flux to an accuracy of a factor of two to five. There is clear need to accurately predict radiation exposure of astronauts and equipment at all times between the solar minimum and solar maximum, not only on the short duration Space Shuttle flights, but also the longer term stay onboard the International Space Station. In our approach we are taking into account some important parameters, which are responsible for energy losses of protons within the belts. These energy losses are primarily to electrons and by collisions to atmospheric nuclei. Accordingly the atmospheric density dependence at a certain altitude during a specific solar activity is an important parameter that needs to be accurately incorporated into a realistic model. We are involved in developing such a model, which would enable us to predict the radiation exposure for all occasions.

10:24 am - CB-2 - Optical Monitoring of Low Mass X-Ray Binaries and -Ray Loud BL Lacs, Natalia Zotov, Bond Hutchinson, Mark Shaw, Louisiana Tech University, zotov@coes.latech.edu. Low mass X-ray binary systems and -ray loud BL Lacs are violently variable objects that are currently being studied intensively at X-ray energies, using the Chandra and RXTE satellites. Our observing program, carried out through the National Undergraduate Research Observatory using the Lowell Observatory 31" telescope, involves optical monitoring of these objects. Some are known to vary optically by as much as eight magnitudes, but others have only a POSS magnitude published. We have observed some that are currently active. Others are expected to become active soon, and still others have been observed significantly fainter than their published "quiescent" magnitudes.

10:36 am - CB-3 - Testing the Uniformity of the Distribution of Arrival Directions of EHECR Events, William S. Burgett, Mark R. O'Malley, University of Texas at Dallas, burgett@utdallas.edu. One of the major challenges confronting both astrophysics and high energy particle physics is to explain

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the identity, origin, propagation, and interaction with the Earth's atmosphere of 1020 eV extremely high energy cosmic rays (EHECRs). Although the observed small scale clustering of a few events is likely not random, the existence of nonrandom clustering at larger scales remains unclear. Using the 2-point angular correlation function on 48 EHECR events collected by the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA), we find a positive, but possibly insignificant, correlation at 35-45 degree scales.

10:48 am - CB-4 - Dark Matter Equation of Motion and Density Profiles, Antonio Mondragon, Roland Allen, Texas A&M University, allen@tamu.edu. Cold dark matter simulations appear to disagree with the observations on small distance scales. Here we consider a modified description of CDM particles which is implied by a new fundamental theory: In this picture, the dark matter is composed of supersymmetric WIMPs, but they are scalar bosons with an unconventional equation of motion. The modified dynamics leads to much weaker gravitational binding, and therefore to a reduced tendency to form small clumps and central cusps.

11:00 am - CB-5 - Big Bangs in the Night Sky, Russell L. Collins, rlcasa@wt.net. The big bang theory of the universe holds that we exist amidst the remnants of a single huge explosion about 15 billion years ago. Absent acceleration, the recession velocity v between any two remnants (galaxies) is proportional to the present distance. This is the Hubble law, v = Hr, where H 65 km/sec/megaparsec. For small velocities, one can use the red shift, Z where v= c. At larger velocities, Z exceeds . A second problem is that the measured distances refer to different times. These problems are resolved by plotting distance vs. /( + 1). This leads to a linear plot. Plotted this way, recent high-Z data by Perlmutter, Riess, and Schmidt exhibits three linear regions. Since the slope of a linear Hubble plot measures time since the big bang, the data indicates occurrence of big bangs at 15, 48, and 146 billion years ago. The question, of whether the universe is open or closed, is rendered moot because these big bangs do not have the same center. The two older big bangs took place 6.5 and 39.4 billion light years from us.

11:12 am - CB-6 - Fractals in Cosmology, Steven Scurlock, Stephen F. Austin State University, z_scurlocksp@sfasu.edu. Fractals are commonplace in describing various physical phenomena. The essential idea behind fractal geometry, self similarity, is applied to the Universe. The smallest possible element, a virtual particle pair of the zero point field, is hypothesized to be self-similar to the Universe as a whole. This allows an interpretation of the matter/anti-matter asymmetry and the dark matter problem.

11:24 am - CB-7 - Precision Photometry at the SFASU Observatory, Norman Markworth, Stephen F. Austin State University, nmarkworth@sfasu.edu. Astronomers are getting renewed life from their campus-based observatories, due to the wide-spread use of CCD cameras in the last fifteen years.

Photoelectric photometry (PEP), however, offers the benefit of much smaller data collection. For sites in much of the Eastern US, light pollution and rapidly changing sky brightness have limited the precision of the traditional single-channel PEP. We have built a three-channel photometer that can monitor the target, a nearby comparison star, and the sky simultaneously. The sky channel has a “pick-off” mirror that can redirect the light to an SBIG ST-7E CCD camera. The camera is used to track the telescope. Precision tracking and efficient telescope position mean long periods of constant, but hands-free operation. We routinely reach internal precision in the millimagnitude range. http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/observatory/obs.htm

11:36 am - CB-8 - Asteroid Hunting at the SFA Observatory,Dan Bruton, Stephen F. Austin State University, astro@sfasu.edu. On July 20, 2001 we imaged an object unlike we have ever seen before at the SFA Observatory. Our calculations showed that this object was only about 45,000 miles from Earth. The objects that we generally discover are about 200,000,000 miles from Earth. This Near Earth Object (NEO) found on July 20, 2001 was determined not to be an asteroid as we had originally thought. It was a satellite launched years ago according to the Minor Planet Center. We learned that a satellite at this distance is typically a weather satellite or an "early warning" satellite (that detects nuclear weapons). We may never know what the purpose of that satellite was. However, we did learn that we have the telescopes and cameras necessary to detect NEO's, which can include Potential Hazardous Asteroids (PHA). A report on NEO detection methods and recent asteroid discoveries will be presented.http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/asteroids/asteroids.html

10:12 am - AAPT-11 - Closing the Gaps: Science, Engineering and Astronomy at Tarleton State University, Michael Hibbs and Denise Martinez, Tarleton State University, hibbs@tarleton.edu. The state is experiencing a shortage of qualified science, math and engineering college graduates needed to fill the essential technology and educational fields required to maintain our economy. To help fill these needs, Tarleton State University has dedicated itself to provide quality technology education in a small college environment, with the completed its new $30.8 million science building and initiation of a new Engineering Physics Program. In addition to these advancements, Tarleton has also started “The Program for Astronomy Education and Research.” The three components of this program are a state-of-the-art digital planetarium, summer program for high school teachers and students and a 24-inch research grade telescope and observatory. The program’s mission is to provide exceptional and unique resources for science education and research to the surrounding rural school districts and communities. Through these resources, and applying the natural excitement associated with space and astronomy, the goal is to increase the motivation and enhance the desire to learn and excel in science and math for all grade levels, pre-K through college.

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33

NacogdochesThe Oldest Town in Texas

259

To Longview

59

ToShreveport

59

ToHouston

7

21

21

Loop224

ToCrocket

ToAlto

1878

SFA Campus

Fredonia Hotel

Main Street

Fredonia Street

StreetHospital

Pecan Street

ReceptionBefore Banquet

Comfort Inn

Days Inn

La Quinta Inns

Best Western

BUS5959

NorthStreet

Victorian Inns

Loop224

Loop224

Loop224

Starr Avenue

Wilson Drive

Parking

See page 32 for campus map.

34

North

Highway 59 Business(North Street)

Stephen F. Austin State UniversityCampus Map Driving Directions

Starr Avenue

East College Street

UniversityDrive

Raguet Street

WilsonDrive

Raguet Street

Griffith Street

VistaDrive

BakerStreet

Clark Blvd

College Drive

TennisCourts

ParkingLot

ScienceBuilding

KennedyAuditorium

StoneFort

Stadium

Garner TowerApartments

Library

Starr Avenue

SFAStatue

Math

Steen Towers

.University Center

Residence Halls

LananaCreek

Arboretum & Azalea Trail

Planetarium

Downtown NacogdochesThe reception is within walking distance (two blocks) of Fredonia Hotel.

See page 31 for city map.

Directions to the Receptionat Robert Gruebel’s Home

105 North Pecan St.Nacogdoches, TX

35

COX BLDG

WAREHOUSE

Reception105 N PECAN

N PECAN ST.

PLAZA PRINCIPALTOWN SQUARE

METHODIST CHURCH

PARKING LOT

FREDONIAHOTEL

WAREHOUSE

East Hospital Street

East Main

HW 59North Street

HW 59South Street

To Campus

East Main

Reception at 105 N Pecan

CoxBlgd

Meeting Notes

36

Alford, Betty AAPT-1 Griffith, John AA-2, W1, AAPT-15   Pitassi, Stefano BB-5Al-Kuhaili, Mohammad BB-13 Grigolini, Paolo SPS-2   Platzer, Roland BA-2Allen, Roland BB-4, CB-4 Grimes, Tom AAPT-17   Quarles, Patricia R. BC-5Arp, Zane BB-10, BB-12 Gutierrez, Carlos BA-6, BA-10, BA-12   Ramsey, R. A. BC-1Autrey, Daniel BB-10 Ha, B. BA-13   Reid, Balie SPS-1Azhari, A. CA-7 Hamilton, Ian Scott W4   Renfro, Timothy BA-11, BB-13Ball, Steven AAPT-17 Hanstorp, D. BC-3   Restivo, Evelyn PL-1Bandyopadhyay, Anup BA-6, BA-10, BA-12 Hardy, J. C. CA-7   Rhee, J. H. BA-4, BA-13Barranon, Armando CA-6 Henderson, Hugh AAPT-5, AAPT-13   Rios, Steven BA-6, BA-10, BA-12Bartholomew, John AAPT-18 Hetter, Renee BB-5   Roberts, Jim SPS-1, SPS-2Baughman, Ray BA-11 Hewett, Lionel D. AAPT-4   Roberts, Jim AAPT-7, 14, 18Boehringer, John SPS-3 Hibbs, Michael AAPT-11   Robinson, Kathryn AAPT-8Bourree, Loig AA-4, BA-11, BB-5 Hiltibidal, Paula W6   Ross, Joseph H., Jr. BA-3Bradley, C. C. BB-1 Hubisz, John L. AAPT-16   Rostovtsev, Yuri V. BB-8, BB-9Bruton, Dan CB-8 Huffman, Kenneth BA-11   Salch, Chris SPS-6Burgett, William S. CB-3 Hunnell, J. C. BC-3   Sanchez-Vega, M. CA-7Burzo, Andrea BB-4 Hutchinson, Bond CB-2   Sandström, J. BC-3Cantrell, Cyrus D. BB-6 Iacob, V. E. CA-7   Saslow, Wayne BA-1Carew, Michael SPS-6 Imholt, Timothy SPS-2, AAPT-18   Sawyer, Lee CA-1Carrell, Kenneth CA-2 Imholt, Timothy AAPT-7, AAPT-14   Scafetta, Nicola SPS-2Chasse, David BB-5 Jarzembski, Maurice BB-11   Schaefers, Justin BB-5Chen, Kuo-Cheng BB-6 Johnson, Michael SPS-11   Schleich, Wolfgang P. BA-14Chesire, Daniel BA-12 Kamar, Ramsey BA-3   Schulze, Paul AAPT-2, W3Clement, John M. AAPT-9 Kattawar, George BB-2   Schweiger, Peggy E. W5Coffman, Rebecca BB-11 Kim, Bog BA-11   Scott, J. B. AAPT-14Collins, Russell L. CB-5 Kobe, Donald H. BA-14   Scully, M. O. BB-9Cook, Scott SPS-12 Kocharovskaya, Olga BA-2   Scurlock, Steven SPS-4, BA-8, CB-6Cordell, Andy W9 Kolesov, Roman BA-2   Sharma, S. C. AA-3, BA-4, BA-5Cottier, Ryan BA-7 Kuznetsova, Elena BA-2   Sharma, S. C. BA-13, BC-1, BC-4Dahiya, Jai SPS-1 Laane, Jaan BB-10, BB-12   Shaw, Mark CB-2Dalton, Alan BA-11 Landon, Preston BA-11, BB-13   Shepley, Larry PL-1De, Kaushik CA-3 Larison, Dana BA-6, BA-10, BA-12   Sherman, G. W. BB-1Demir, Gazi AA-4 Li, Y. BA-4, BA-5   Singh, D. AA-3, BA-4Diaz, Abel CB-1 Li, Yang BA-3   Singh, D. BA-5, BA-13Donnelly, David PL-1, SPS Liang, Gan AA-5, BC-2   Slinker, Jason SPS-12Dorso, Claudio CA-6 Littler, Christopher BA-7   Smith, Charles SPS-6Downing, Harry AAPT-1, BB-11 Lopez, Jorge CA-6   Smith, David BB-3Drapper, Rockford BA-11 Lukic-Zrnic, Reiko BA-7   Solis, Herbey SPS-5Dukes, Phillip AAPT-12 Markworth, Norman CB-7   Song, Yan CA-3Estrera, Joseph BB-5 Marshall, Jill AAPT-3   Souliotis, G.A. CA-8Ficht, Joeseph W8 Martinez, Denise AAPT-11   Spencer, Greg BA-9Flores, Jose' Francisco SPS-9 Matsko, Andrey B. BB-7, BB-9   Srivastava, Vandana BB-11Franklin, Bill W2 Mayes, V. E. CA-7   Stephens, Donnya AAPT-1Friedfeld, Robert SPS-4, SPS-8 Melnick, Bradley BA-10   Thacker, Beth Ann PL-2Fritz, Shannon BA-6, BA-10, BA-12 Melvin, Cruse D. AAPT-16   Thomas, Brian SPS-10Fuller, Kirk BB-3, BB-11 Mikhailov, Eugeniy E. BB-8   Trache, L. CA-7Gagliardi, C. A. CA-7 Mondragon, Antonio CB-4   Tribble, R. E. CA-7Gangopadhyay, Shubhra AA-1 Monroe, Mary Beth PL-1   Trikosko, Walter L. AAPT-1, AAPT-10Gardner, John BA-2 Murray, Michael CA-5   Vaczlavik, Lucaci SPS-6Garrett, Claude BA-9 Nagyvary, Joseph Banquet   Vass, John BA-11Geerts, Wilhelmus BA-9 Neilson, R. G. CA-7   Veselsky, M. CA-8Gibson, B. F. CA-4 Neuenschwander, D. E. SPS-7   Ward, S. J. BC-3Glosser, Robert AA-4, BB-5 Norman, Andrew BA-7   Welch, George R. PL-3, BB-7, BB-8Glosser, Robert BA-11, BB-13 Novikova, Irina BB-7   Williams, Benjamin CA-1Golding, Terry BA-7 O'Malley, Mark R. CB-3   Yao, Qiuliang BC-2Gordon, Denise AAPT-6 Papadimitriou, Vaia PL-4   Ye, C. Y. BB-9Gorman, Brian BA-7 Parker, Steve SPS-8   Yennello, S. J. CA-8Govinthasamy, R. BC-4 Pegg, D. J. BC-2   Zakhidov, Anvar BA-11

37

Granoff, Dick W7   Perkins, Kelly A. BC-5 Zibrov, A. S. BB-9Gray, Deric BB-2 Zotov, Natalia CB-2

38

Author Index