LizardnetLizardnetAn Experiment in Embedded An Experiment in Embedded

Sensor NetworkingSensor Networking

James SegedyJuly 15th, 2005

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

The Lizardnet Team:The Lizardnet Team:

Alejandro EnriquezAlejandro Enriquez

John HicksJohn Hicks

Kapy KangombeKapy Kangombe

James SegedyJames Segedy

Advisors:Advisors:

Mike ErlingerMike Erlinger

Steve AdolphSteve Adolph

Roy Shea (HMC ’02)Roy Shea (HMC ’02)

BackgroundBackground Hardware Software Driver-Writing Progress Report Hardware Software Driver-Writing Progress Report

MotivationsMotivations

““I had a Dream…” ~Mike ErlingerI had a Dream…” ~Mike Erlinger

““Lizards are awesome!” ~Steve AdolphLizards are awesome!” ~Steve Adolph

““SOS will rule the World!!!” ~Roy SheaSOS will rule the World!!!” ~Roy Shea

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BackgroundBackground

We had to work with the biologists to We had to work with the biologists to get fundingget funding

Steve has a serious crush on lizardsSteve has a serious crush on lizards

Lizards use thermoregulationLizards use thermoregulation

Cameras??Cameras??BackgroundBackground Hardware Software Driver-Writing Progress Report Hardware Software Driver-Writing Progress Report

BackgroundBackground

Examples of Sensor Networks:Examples of Sensor Networks:• Radar Networks in Air Traffic ControlRadar Networks in Air Traffic Control• The National Power GridThe National Power Grid

Research Originally Conducted for Military Purposes• Sound Surveillance System

Easily extends to other areas (Security, Remote Monitoring)

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Project GoalsProject Goals

Deploy our very own embedded Deploy our very own embedded sensor networksensor network

Retrieve real data from the field and Retrieve real data from the field and transmit it back to HMCtransmit it back to HMC

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Deployment SiteDeployment Site

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Deployment SiteDeployment Site

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The HardwareThe Hardware

Meet MicaZMeet MicaZ• IEEE 802.15.4 RadioIEEE 802.15.4 Radio• Atmel Atmega128 Atmel Atmega128

16mHz processor16mHz processor• 128kB program 128kB program

memorymemory• 4kB RAM4kB RAM• 512kB External flash 512kB External flash

memorymemory• 51-Pin Expansion 51-Pin Expansion

ConnectorConnectorBackground Background HardwareHardware Software Driver-Writing Progress Report Software Driver-Writing Progress Report

The HardwareThe Hardware

Meet MDA300Meet MDA300

• 8 Analog inputs8 Analog inputs• 8 Digital I/O ports8 Digital I/O ports• Internal Temp/Humidity Internal Temp/Humidity

SensorSensor• Internal ADCInternal ADC• 64kB I64kB I22C EEPROMC EEPROM

• Can be used to sense Can be used to sense humidity, temperature, humidity, temperature, soil moisture, light, wind soil moisture, light, wind speed, wind direction, speed, wind direction, motion, rainfall, leaf motion, rainfall, leaf wetness, pressure, and wetness, pressure, and radiation.radiation.

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The SoftwareThe Software

The Industry Standard: TinyOSThe Industry Standard: TinyOS• Developed by U.C. BerkeleyDeveloped by U.C. Berkeley• Written in nesCWritten in nesC• Support is EverywhereSupport is Everywhere

The Problem: TinyOS is Static• Limited ability to install or update

TinyOS components incrementally or remotely

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The SoftwareThe Software

SOS: The answer to our problemsSOS: The answer to our problems• Written in CWritten in C• A Minimal Static KernelA Minimal Static Kernel• Dynamically loaded and unloaded code Dynamically loaded and unloaded code

modules (no reboot required)modules (no reboot required)• Multiple interacting modules on a single Multiple interacting modules on a single

mote.mote.• Event-driven functionality is controlled Event-driven functionality is controlled

completely by timers, messages, and completely by timers, messages, and states.states.

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The ChallengesThe Challenges

The MicaZ is a new 2004 modelThe MicaZ is a new 2004 model• Not compatible with the MTS310 Basic Not compatible with the MTS310 Basic

Sensor BoardSensor Board• Not always manufactured correctlyNot always manufactured correctly

The MDA300 is a new sensor boardThe MDA300 is a new sensor board• SOS does not currently offer support for SOS does not currently offer support for

this boardthis board Message RoutingMessage Routing Low-Power OperationLow-Power OperationBackground Hardware Software Background Hardware Software Driver-WritingDriver-Writing Progress Report Progress Report

Writing a DriverWriting a Driver

Pages and pages of FUN!Pages and pages of FUN!

Tracing WiresTracing Wires

Manual ClockingManual Clocking

Debugging Options…Debugging Options…

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Writing a Driver: The SHT15Writing a Driver: The SHT15

Step 1: MDA300 SchematicStep 1: MDA300 Schematic

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Writing a Driver: The SHT15Writing a Driver: The SHT15

Step 1: MDA300 SchematicStep 1: MDA300 Schematic

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Writing a Driver: The SHT15Writing a Driver: The SHT15 Step 2: MicaZ SchematicStep 2: MicaZ Schematic

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Writing a Driver: The SHT15Writing a Driver: The SHT15 Step 3: Atmel Atmega128 SchematicStep 3: Atmel Atmega128 Schematic

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Writing a Driver: The SHT15Writing a Driver: The SHT15

Step 4: The AVR Instruction SetStep 4: The AVR Instruction Set• The Atmel Atmega128 Uses the AVR The Atmel Atmega128 Uses the AVR

instruction setinstruction set• The AVR C libraries allow direct access The AVR C libraries allow direct access

to all pins on the processorto all pins on the processor

Step 5: Manipulate the pins directlyStep 5: Manipulate the pins directly

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Progress ReportProgress Report

As of now, we have:As of now, we have:• Downloaded, configured, and installed Downloaded, configured, and installed

the SOS kernel on our 8 MicaZ motesthe SOS kernel on our 8 MicaZ motes• Mastered the art of module creationMastered the art of module creation• Implemented a sample multi-hop Implemented a sample multi-hop

network.network.• Sampled temperature readings from Sampled temperature readings from

INSIDE the refrigerator.INSIDE the refrigerator.• Written some driver support for the Written some driver support for the

MDA300MDA300Background Hardware Software Driver-Writing Background Hardware Software Driver-Writing Progress ReportProgress Report

Progress ReportProgress Report

As of now, we still need to:As of now, we still need to:• Deploy the networkDeploy the network• Write the network messages to a file for the Write the network messages to a file for the

biologistbiologist• Experiment with powerExperiment with power• Learn about EE and thermistorsLearn about EE and thermistors

In future years…In future years…• Learn to sense multiple things at the same Learn to sense multiple things at the same

timetime• Explore multiple sensor interactionExplore multiple sensor interaction

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Works CitedWorks Cited

Chong, Chee-yee and Kumar, Srikanta P. “Sensor Networks: Chong, Chee-yee and Kumar, Srikanta P. “Sensor Networks: Evolution, Opportunities, and Challenges.”Evolution, Opportunities, and Challenges.”

Han, Chih-Chieh et al. “A Dynamic Operating System for Han, Chih-Chieh et al. “A Dynamic Operating System for Sensor Nodes.”Sensor Nodes.”

Maurer, Bill. “Introduction to TinyOS and nesC Programming.” Maurer, Bill. “Introduction to TinyOS and nesC Programming.” Crossbow Technology.Crossbow Technology.

““TinyOS Community Forum || An open-source OS for the TinyOS Community Forum || An open-source OS for the networked sensor regime.” networked sensor regime.” http://www.tinyos.net/http://www.tinyos.net/

*All Data Sheets used were reproductions of original hardware *All Data Sheets used were reproductions of original hardware schematics from Crossbow Technology*schematics from Crossbow Technology*