Jesus in the Old Jesus in the Old Testament:Testament:

From ShadowFrom Shadowto to

RealityReality

John OakesJohn Oakes

San Diego Spring, 2014San Diego Spring, 2014

John 5:39-40 You diligently study John 5:39-40 You diligently study the Scriptures because you think the Scriptures because you think that by them you possess eternal that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me, yet you refuse to testify about me, yet you refuse to come to me to have life.come to me to have life.

Old Testament like a play….Old Testament like a play….

Old Testament like a mystery….Old Testament like a mystery….

Foreshadow: An object, event, person or situation which stands for something similar, but of greater significance in the future.

Prefigure: A specific thing which stands for another specific thing similar to it in the future.

Type and Antitype: A person or thing regarded as the symbol of someone or something which is yet to appear

OutlineOutline

I. Historical Prefigures. I. Historical Prefigures.

II. Prefigures of Jesus Christ. II. Prefigures of Jesus Christ.

III. Objects in the Tabernacle prefigure NT III. Objects in the Tabernacle prefigure NT realities.realities.

IV. Old Covenant priesthood foreshadows IV. Old Covenant priesthood foreshadows priesthood in the New priesthood in the New

Testament.Testament.

V. The law of Moses prefigures the law of V. The law of Moses prefigures the law of ChristChrist

Outline (cont.)Outline (cont.)

VI. The OT/Levitical sacrifices are foreshadows VI. The OT/Levitical sacrifices are foreshadows of the work of Christ.of the work of Christ.

VII. The festivals celebrated by the Jews are VII. The festivals celebrated by the Jews are prefigures of our relationship with God in the prefigures of our relationship with God in the NT.NT.

VIII Historical prophecies of Jesus.VIII Historical prophecies of Jesus.

IX Historical prophecies of the Kingdom of God.IX Historical prophecies of the Kingdom of God.

I. Historical ForeshadowsI. Historical Foreshadows

1 Corinthians 10:11 These things happened 1 Corinthians 10:11 These things happened to them as examples and were written down to them as examples and were written down as warnings for us, on whom the as warnings for us, on whom the fulfillmentfulfillment of of the ages has come.the ages has come.

A little example: Numbers 21:4-9.A little example: Numbers 21:4-9.

Snake-bite = sin. Both Snake-bite = sin. Both result in death Romans result in death Romans 6:236:23

The solution? Look to The solution? Look to the snake, lifted up on a the snake, lifted up on a wooden pole John 3:14wooden pole John 3:14

Why a snake? 2 Why a snake? 2 Corinthians 5:21Corinthians 5:21

Adam and Eve as ForeshadowsAdam and Eve as Foreshadows

Adam and Eve are us!Adam and Eve are us!

-created to know and be in relationship w/ God-created to know and be in relationship w/ God

- given freedom and a choice- given freedom and a choice

- abused their choice- abused their choice

- died (spiritual death)- died (spiritual death)

- separated from God, kicked out of the garden- separated from God, kicked out of the garden

The rest of the Bible is the story of our The rest of the Bible is the story of our restoration to the garden, which is finally restoration to the garden, which is finally accomplished in Rev 21 and Ezek 47accomplished in Rev 21 and Ezek 47

Jesus, the Second AdamJesus, the Second Adam

Romans 5:12-19 Adam a type of JesusRomans 5:12-19 Adam a type of Jesus

Sin of Adam set a pattern and produced a terrible resultSin of Adam set a pattern and produced a terrible result

Sinless life of Jesus set a pattern and produced a wonderful Sinless life of Jesus set a pattern and produced a wonderful result.result.

Romans 5:14 Adam, “who was a pattern of the one to come.”Romans 5:14 Adam, “who was a pattern of the one to come.”

What does this mean?What does this mean?

5:15 By the sin of one many died. Similarly, the sinless life 5:15 By the sin of one many died. Similarly, the sinless life of one saved many from death.of one saved many from death.

5:16-19 esp 18-195:16-19 esp 18-19

1 Cor 15:45 Jesus “the last Adam.”1 Cor 15:45 Jesus “the last Adam.”

Noah and the FloodNoah and the Flood

2 Peter 3:3-7 The flood of Noah is a type. 2 Peter 3:3-7 The flood of Noah is a type. Final judgment is the antitype.Final judgment is the antitype.

v. 7 …by the same word…v. 7 …by the same word…

Luke 17:26-27 Just as in the days of Noah….Luke 17:26-27 Just as in the days of Noah….

But… God foreshadows both judgment and But… God foreshadows both judgment and salvationsalvation

1 Peter 3:20-22 Is baptism a symbol?1 Peter 3:20-22 Is baptism a symbol?

Foreshadows surrounding AbrahamForeshadows surrounding Abraham

Isaac = children of promise = usIsaac = children of promise = us Ishmael = children born in the usual way Ishmael = children born in the usual way

= Israel= Israel

Hagar = Old Covenant = Mt. Sinai = Hagar = Old Covenant = Mt. Sinai = “present Jerusalem”“present Jerusalem”

Sarah = New Covenant = “the Jerusalem Sarah = New Covenant = “the Jerusalem that is above”that is above”

Genesis 22:1-11Genesis 22:1-11

Your only son…Your only son…

Mt. MoriahMt. Moriah

On the 3On the 3rdrd day day

Isaac carries the woodIsaac carries the wood

Abraham carries the Abraham carries the knifeknife

Raised from the dead Raised from the dead (figuratively, Heb (figuratively, Heb 11:19)11:19)

Sodom and GomorrahSodom and Gomorrah

Sodom is symbolic of “the Sodom is symbolic of “the world.”world.”

Sodom = Egypt = Babylon Sodom = Egypt = Babylon Revelation 11:8 Revelation 11:8

Rev 18:2-3Rev 18:2-3

Sodom is a symbol of what Sodom is a symbol of what God will do to the unrighteous God will do to the unrighteous Luke 17:28-31Luke 17:28-31

Who is Lot? 2 Peter 2:6Who is Lot? 2 Peter 2:6

Who is Lot’s wife? Luke 17:32Who is Lot’s wife? Luke 17:32

Foreshadows in the ExodusForeshadows in the Exodus

Exodus 3:7-10 The Exodus 3:7-10 The people are people are enslaved: God enslaved: God sends a savior.sends a savior.

Moses = JesusMoses = Jesus

Pharaoh = SatanPharaoh = Satan

Plague #10: A Plague #10: A death sentencedeath sentence

1 Cor 5:71 Cor 5:7

Passing Through the Red SeaPassing Through the Red Sea

We’re free!!!We’re free!!!

Not yet!!!Not yet!!!

1 Cor 10:1-41 Cor 10:1-4

 

Historical type/antitype in the Exodus

OLD TESTAMENT TYPE

NEW TESTAMENT ANTITYPE

SLAVERY IN EGYPT

LOST, SLAVE TO SIN

WANDERING IN THE WILDERNESS

SAVED, BUT LIVING THE LIFE OF A DISCIPLE

ENTERING THE PROMISED LAND

ENTERING HEAVEN

 

Wandering in the Wilderness:Wandering in the Wilderness:The Live of a DiscipleThe Live of a Disciple

Deuteronomy 8 Walking by faithDeuteronomy 8 Walking by faith

Hebrews 3:14-4:2 Their bodies were Hebrews 3:14-4:2 Their bodies were scattered across the desert….scattered across the desert….

The key: Make every effort to enterThe key: Make every effort to enter

Numbers 11:4-6Numbers 11:4-6

The key: Don’t look backThe key: Don’t look back

Joshua: Crossing the JordanJoshua: Crossing the Jordan

Joshua = JeshuaJoshua = Jeshua

22ndnd generation were generation were baptized into Joshua in baptized into Joshua in the Jordanthe Jordan

Circumcision = BaptismCircumcision = Baptism

Colossians 2:11-12Colossians 2:11-12

A Pattern: Sin, Devastation, A Pattern: Sin, Devastation, Repentance, God Sends a SaviorRepentance, God Sends a Savior

Q: How many times Q: How many times did God send a Savior did God send a Savior to rescue his people?to rescue his people?

Othniel, Shamgar, Othniel, Shamgar, Deborah, Gideon, Deborah, Gideon, Jephthah, Samson, Jephthah, Samson, David, even Cyrus!David, even Cyrus!

EstherEsther

The Restoration under Zerubbabel The Restoration under Zerubbabel as a Foreshadow of our as a Foreshadow of our

Restoration to GodRestoration to God

Ezekiel 36:24-37 Is this about the Ezekiel 36:24-37 Is this about the restoration of the Jews to the Promised restoration of the Jews to the Promised Land or is about our restoration to a Land or is about our restoration to a relationship with God?relationship with God?

Ezekiel 37:11-14 (dry bones), 21-27 Ezekiel 37:11-14 (dry bones), 21-27 (two sticks)(two sticks)

How Do I Know if This is a Legitimate How Do I Know if This is a Legitimate Inspired Foreshadow or Prefigure?Inspired Foreshadow or Prefigure?

1. If a New Testament writer says a particular passage 1. If a New Testament writer says a particular passage in the Old Testament is a in the Old Testament is a foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type, then it is.foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type, then it is.

2. If an Old Testament passage works as a 2. If an Old Testament passage works as a foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type both in the general foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type both in the general sense and in the specifics, then it is probably legitimate.sense and in the specifics, then it is probably legitimate.

3. If one already knows that a general event in the Old 3. If one already knows that a general event in the Old Testament is a foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type, Testament is a foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type, then it is safer to assume that the details are then it is safer to assume that the details are foreshadows as well.foreshadows as well.

1. If a New Testament writer says a particular 1. If a New Testament writer says a particular passage in the Old Testament is a passage in the Old Testament is a

foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type, then it foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type, then it is.is.

Matthew 12:39-42 just as JonahMatthew 12:39-42 just as Jonah

John 3:14 Just as Moses…John 3:14 Just as Moses…

Galatians 4:24 These things may be taken Galatians 4:24 These things may be taken figuratively…figuratively…

Heb 11:19 and figuratively speaking…Heb 11:19 and figuratively speaking…

Heb 10:1 The Law is only a shadow…Heb 10:1 The Law is only a shadow…

Heb 9:9 This is an illustration for the present Heb 9:9 This is an illustration for the present time…time…

1 Pet 3:21 And this water symbolized baptism…1 Pet 3:21 And this water symbolized baptism…

Zechariah 12:10 confirmed by Jn 19:37Zechariah 12:10 confirmed by Jn 19:37

2. If an Old Testament passage works as a 2. If an Old Testament passage works as a foreshadow/prefigure both in the general foreshadow/prefigure both in the general sense and in the specifics, then it is probably sense and in the specifics, then it is probably legitimate.legitimate.

Example:Example:

Numbers 21:4-9 vs 1 Clement 12:7 and RahabNumbers 21:4-9 vs 1 Clement 12:7 and Rahab

Big Picture: Saved from death by lookingBig Picture: Saved from death by looking

Big Picture: Saved by a red clothBig Picture: Saved by a red cloth

Details: Lifted on a pole, snake = sin, etc.Details: Lifted on a pole, snake = sin, etc.

Details: Is a red rope similar to blood? Details: Is a red rope similar to blood?

More examples: Jonah as prefigure, Psalm 22 More examples: Jonah as prefigure, Psalm 22

Isaiah 9 the TabernacleIsaiah 9 the Tabernacle

3. If one already knows that a general event 3. If one already knows that a general event in OT is a foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure, in OT is a foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure, then it is safer to assume that the details are then it is safer to assume that the details are foreshadows as well.foreshadows as well.

Example #1 We know Jonah in the fish for 3 Example #1 We know Jonah in the fish for 3 days is a foreshadow, we can infer that the days is a foreshadow, we can infer that the gambling is also a foreshadow.gambling is also a foreshadow.

Example #2 The Passover a foreshadow (1 Cor Example #2 The Passover a foreshadow (1 Cor 5:7). Therefore the details are also a 5:7). Therefore the details are also a foreshadow (no broken bones, on a wooden foreshadow (no broken bones, on a wooden beam, etc.)beam, etc.)

Example #3 Entering the Promised Land = Example #3 Entering the Promised Land = Entering heaven (Heb 3:16-4:2) Therefore, other Entering heaven (Heb 3:16-4:2) Therefore, other details of leaving Egypt, wandering and entering details of leaving Egypt, wandering and entering are foreshadows.are foreshadows.

II. Prefigures of Jesus ChristII. Prefigures of Jesus Christ

Adam Adam Melchizedek, Isaac, JosephMelchizedek, Isaac, Joseph MosesMoses Joshua Joshua Deborah, Samson, SamuelDeborah, Samson, Samuel DavidDavid Elijah, JonahElijah, Jonah Daniel, CyrusDaniel, Cyrus Joshua the priest, EstherJoshua the priest, Esther

To Be a Prefigure of the To Be a Prefigure of the MessiahMessiah

Prophet, Priest or King (or prince…)Prophet, Priest or King (or prince…)

Save Israel (or Gentiles)Save Israel (or Gentiles)

JonahJonah

John 7:52 No prophet ever John 7:52 No prophet ever came from Galilee…came from Galilee…

Matthew 12:39,40 Three Matthew 12:39,40 Three days and three nightsdays and three nights

Luke 11:30-32 Offered Luke 11:30-32 Offered salvation to the Gentilessalvation to the Gentiles

Jonah 1:7 GamblingJonah 1:7 Gambling

Jonah 1:12 Willingly offered Jonah 1:12 Willingly offered his life to save the Gentileshis life to save the Gentiles

Jonah calmed a stormJonah calmed a storm

Gath Hepher and Nazreth 3 miles apart

Melchizedek: An interesting guy!Melchizedek: An interesting guy!

• King of Righteousness Heb 7:2King of Righteousness Heb 7:2• Without genealogy, without Without genealogy, without

descendents. Without descendents. Without beginning of days or end of beginning of days or end of life (Hebrews 7:3)life (Hebrews 7:3)

• A priest forever. (Hebrews A priest forever. (Hebrews 7:3,17 Psalm 110:4)7:3,17 Psalm 110:4)

• The King of physical The King of physical Jerusalem (Genesis 14:18)Jerusalem (Genesis 14:18)

• King (prince) of Salem (peace)King (prince) of Salem (peace)• A priest, but not of the family A priest, but not of the family

of Levi.of Levi.

Melchizedek: Prefigure of ChristMelchizedek: Prefigure of Christ

• Melchizedek means King of Melchizedek means King of Righteousness.Righteousness.

• King of Salem means King (prince?) of King of Salem means King (prince?) of Peace.Peace.

• He blessed Abraham. (Genesis 14:19)He blessed Abraham. (Genesis 14:19)• Abraham offered him a tithe/sacrifice Abraham offered him a tithe/sacrifice

(Genesis 14:20).(Genesis 14:20).• High Priest because of his character, not High Priest because of his character, not

by descent. Heb 7:15-16by descent. Heb 7:15-16• Greater than Abraham Heb 7:4.Greater than Abraham Heb 7:4.• Gave Abraham bread and wine (last Gave Abraham bread and wine (last

supper, Lord’s Supper)supper, Lord’s Supper)• A priest for everyone; not just for the Jews.A priest for everyone; not just for the Jews.

Joseph: Savior of IsraelJoseph: Savior of Israel

From the right hand of his father, From the right hand of his father, he became a slave in Egypt and he became a slave in Egypt and was later raised to the right hand was later raised to the right hand of the kingof the king

A shepherdA shepherd

A dream: You will be King of the A dream: You will be King of the JewsJews

Jealous brothers decided to kill Jealous brothers decided to kill himhim

Betrayed for 20 pieces of silverBetrayed for 20 pieces of silver

Went down to EgyptWent down to Egypt

Saved IsraelSaved Israel

Parallels Between Moses and Jesus 

Moses 

Jesus

Pharaoh tried to kill him 

Herod tried to kill him

Called by God to leave Egypt Carried out of Egypt

Forty years in the wilderness to prepare for his ministry

Forty days in the wilderness to prepare for his ministry

Left his position with the king of Egypt to dwell with the Jews

Left the right hand of the Father to life with the Jews

Led Israel out of slavery in Egypt

Leads Spiritual Israel out of sin

Aaron prepared the way 

John the Baptist prepared the way

Baptized Israel in the Red Sea in order to free them

Commands baptism in water for freedom from sin

Gave manna in the wilderness (sort of)

Gives spiritual bread to all who hunger

Gave water to the people in the desert

Gives spiritual water: the Holy Spirit

Spoke to God on Mt. Sinai Spoke to God on Mt. Hermon

David My Servant (Ezek 37:24-David My Servant (Ezek 37:24-25)25)

Born in Bethlehem Micah 5:2Born in Bethlehem Micah 5:2

A very good shepherd John 10:11A very good shepherd John 10:11

Anointed king (parallel to Jesus’ baptism) 1 Sam Anointed king (parallel to Jesus’ baptism) 1 Sam 16:1316:13

Physical king of physical JerusalemPhysical king of physical Jerusalem

Brought God (the ark) to Jerusalem (Palm Brought God (the ark) to Jerusalem (Palm Sunday)Sunday)

Saved Israel from slavery to PhilistiaSaved Israel from slavery to Philistia

Offered a sacrifice on Mt. Moriah that saved Offered a sacrifice on Mt. Moriah that saved IsraelIsrael

Other Prefigures of the Other Prefigures of the MessiahMessiah

Samuel (prophet, priest and “king”)Samuel (prophet, priest and “king”)

AdamAdam

IsaacIsaac

ElijahElijah

Joshua Joshua

Cyrus (Isaiah 44:28, Isaiah 45:13)Cyrus (Isaiah 44:28, Isaiah 45:13)

Joshua the priest Zech 3:1-2, 8-9Joshua the priest Zech 3:1-2, 8-9

DeborahDeborah

EstherEsther

III. Earthly Tabernacle III. Earthly Tabernacle Foreshadows the Heavenly Foreshadows the Heavenly

TabernacleTabernacleTo “tabernacle” is to dwell among.To “tabernacle” is to dwell among.

History:History:

Tabernacle in the desert, cloud by day, pillar Tabernacle in the desert, cloud by day, pillar of fire by nightof fire by night

Tabernacle at ShilohTabernacle at Shiloh

Solomon’s Temple 1 Kings 8:10-11Solomon’s Temple 1 Kings 8:10-11

Destroyed 586 BC (Ezekiel 10:18-19)Destroyed 586 BC (Ezekiel 10:18-19)

Rebuilt 516 BC (Ezekiel 43:1)Rebuilt 516 BC (Ezekiel 43:1)

History (cont.)History (cont.)

God leaves the temple (AD 30)God leaves the temple (AD 30)

Temple finally destroyed for good (AD 70)Temple finally destroyed for good (AD 70)

Follow the exact pattern Exodus 25:8-9, Follow the exact pattern Exodus 25:8-9,

Hebrews 8:5 Ezekiel 43:10 “so that you Hebrews 8:5 Ezekiel 43:10 “so that you might be ashamed…”might be ashamed…”

Model of The Jewish TabernacleHebrews 10:19-20

The Tabernacle in HebrewsThe Tabernacle in Hebrews

Hebrews 8:1-2 the true tabernacleHebrews 8:1-2 the true tabernacle

Hebrews 8:5 a copy and a shadowHebrews 8:5 a copy and a shadow

Hebrews 9:1-5Hebrews 9:1-5

Hebrews 9:11Hebrews 9:11

Hebrews 9:23-26Hebrews 9:23-26

Type/Antitype Relationships in the Tabernacle 

ITEM IN TABERNACLE OR TEMPLE 

ANTITYPE IN THE NEW COVENANT

SCRIPTURE REFERENCE

The tabernacle itself God dwelling with his people

John 14:1-3, John 1:14J. Rev 1:13

The bronze altar of sacrifice

The sacrifice of Jesus for sins

 

The basin/laver 

Baptism  

The show bread 

The bread of life, Jesus Christ

 

The lampstand 

The Holy Spirit Zechariah 4:1-6

The altar of incense The prayers of the saints

Revelation 5:8

The blue, purple and scarlet yarn

The heavens, the kingship of God, the blood of Jesus

 

The curtain Separation from God Matthew 27:51

The ark of the covenant

The presence of God  

The Mercy Seat 

The grace of God  

The Cherubim 

   

Hebrews 9:14

Titus 3:5

John 6:48-51

Psalm 132:7,8

The angels in heaven Ezekiel 10:15-22

Solomon’s TempleSolomon’s Temple

Court of Gentiles Court of WomenCourt of Gentiles Court of Women

Court of Men Court of Levites/PriestsCourt of Men Court of Levites/Priests

Holy Place Most Holy Place Get the Holy Place Most Holy Place Get the point?point?

Type and Antitype in the Type and Antitype in the TabernacleTabernacle

Bronze Altar = Our need for a sacrifice to come Bronze Altar = Our need for a sacrifice to come into the presence of Godinto the presence of God

Laver = The need for cleansing/baptism in Laver = The need for cleansing/baptism in order to come into a relationship with God 1 order to come into a relationship with God 1 Peter 3:21Peter 3:21

Shew Bread = Jesus, the bread of life John 6:35Shew Bread = Jesus, the bread of life John 6:35

Menorah = The Holy Spirit Zechariah 4:1-6Menorah = The Holy Spirit Zechariah 4:1-6

Altar of incense = Our prayers Rev 5:8Altar of incense = Our prayers Rev 5:8

Type and Antitype in the Type and Antitype in the TabernacleTabernacle

Curtain = Separation between man and God Curtain = Separation between man and God because of his holinessbecause of his holiness

Cherubim = Protectors of God’s holiness Cherubim = Protectors of God’s holiness Revelation 4:6-8, Genesis 3:24 Ezekiel 10:9-Revelation 4:6-8, Genesis 3:24 Ezekiel 10:9-1919

Mercy seat = God’s throne Ezekiel 1 Mercy seat = God’s throne Ezekiel 1 Revelation 4Revelation 4

Note, the mercy seat covers the Law of MosesNote, the mercy seat covers the Law of Moses

Great NewsGreat News

When Jesus died, the When Jesus died, the curtain was rent in curtain was rent in two.two.

Now, we walk boldly Now, we walk boldly into the true, the into the true, the heavenly tabernacle heavenly tabernacle Heb 10:19-22!!!!!!Heb 10:19-22!!!!!!

The OT Priesthood prefigures The OT Priesthood prefigures the NT Priesthoodthe NT Priesthood

The LevitesThe Levites

The Aaronic The Aaronic PreisthoodPreisthood

The High PriestThe High Priest

The Melchizedek The Melchizedek PriesthoodPriesthood

Aaronic Priesthood Prefigures the Aaronic Priesthood Prefigures the Priesthood of all believersPriesthood of all believers

1 Peter 2:9 A royal priesthood1 Peter 2:9 A royal priesthood

Revelation 5:9-10, Exodus 19:6 A nation of Revelation 5:9-10, Exodus 19:6 A nation of priestspriests

Our job?Our job?

1 Peter 2:5 Offer spiritual sacrifices1 Peter 2:5 Offer spiritual sacrifices

2 Chronicles 31:4 Devote ourselves2 Chronicles 31:4 Devote ourselves

Romans 15:15-16 Our priestly duty…Romans 15:15-16 Our priestly duty…

The LevitesThe Levites

-Had no inheritance in the land…-Had no inheritance in the land…

Q: Implications?Q: Implications?

-Were to be fully devoted to the work of the -Were to be fully devoted to the work of the Lord 2 Chron 31:4Lord 2 Chron 31:4

Q: Implications?Q: Implications?

Must not enter a place where there is a dead Must not enter a place where there is a dead body. Leviticus 21:1body. Leviticus 21:1

Q: Implications?Q: Implications?

The LevitesThe LevitesMust not allow himself to become unclean—even Must not allow himself to become unclean—even if it means not visiting his own parents. Lev if it means not visiting his own parents. Lev 21:11-1221:11-12

Q: ImplicationsQ: Implications

The Zadokites Ezek 44:15fThe Zadokites Ezek 44:15f

Ezek 44:23 Teach the Ezek 44:23 Teach the difference between the difference between the holy and the common.holy and the common.

Q: Implications for us?Q: Implications for us?

Ezek 44:28 I am to be Ezek 44:28 I am to be their only inheritance.their only inheritance.

Q: Implications for us?Q: Implications for us?

The High Priest: A Prefigure of the The High Priest: A Prefigure of the MessiahMessiah

Leviticus 21:10-12 Not allowed to leave the Leviticus 21:10-12 Not allowed to leave the temple/tabernacle grounds for the entire temple/tabernacle grounds for the entire tenure of his high priesthood.tenure of his high priesthood.

His main function: To make atonement for His main function: To make atonement for the sin of the people, especially on Yom the sin of the people, especially on Yom Kippur.Kippur.

Jesus is our High Priest, but he is of the order Jesus is our High Priest, but he is of the order of Melchizedek Psalm 110:4of Melchizedek Psalm 110:4

Jesus: The Perfect High PriestJesus: The Perfect High Priest

Heb 4:14-5:6 Hebrews 6:19-20 7:23-8:5Heb 4:14-5:6 Hebrews 6:19-20 7:23-8:5

1. He suffered in every way like us, so he can 1. He suffered in every way like us, so he can relate.relate.

2. He was chosen because of his personal 2. He was chosen because of his personal righteousness, unlike the Aaronic priests.righteousness, unlike the Aaronic priests.

3. He is a priest forever. (like the High Priest, 3. He is a priest forever. (like the High Priest, he never leaves the heavenly tabernacle)he never leaves the heavenly tabernacle)

4. He serves in the real sanctuary, not the one 4. He serves in the real sanctuary, not the one which is a mere copy.which is a mere copy.

Jesus: A Priest of the Order of Jesus: A Priest of the Order of MelchizedekMelchizedek

Without genealogy, without descendents. (Hebrews 7:3)Without genealogy, without descendents. (Hebrews 7:3)

“ “Without beginning of days or end of life” (Hebrews 7:3)Without beginning of days or end of life” (Hebrews 7:3)

A priest forever. (Hebrews 7:3, Psalm 110:4)A priest forever. (Hebrews 7:3, Psalm 110:4)

A priest, but not of the family of Levi.A priest, but not of the family of Levi.

Melchizedek means King of Righteousness.Melchizedek means King of Righteousness.

King of Salem means King (prince?) of Peace.King of Salem means King (prince?) of Peace.

High Priest because of his character, not by descent.High Priest because of his character, not by descent.

Greater than Abraham (Heb 7:4, John 8:53-58).Greater than Abraham (Heb 7:4, John 8:53-58).

Gave Abraham bread and wine (last supper, Lord’s Gave Abraham bread and wine (last supper, Lord’s Supper)Supper)

A priest for everyone; not just for the Jews.A priest for everyone; not just for the Jews.

A priest and a king.A priest and a king.

The Law of Moses Prefigures the Law of The Law of Moses Prefigures the Law of ChristChrist

The Old Covenant Prefigures the New The Old Covenant Prefigures the New CovenantCovenant

Heb 8:6-13 The latter covenant is vastly Heb 8:6-13 The latter covenant is vastly superior to the former. The former is fading superior to the former. The former is fading and will soon disappear.and will soon disappear.

The Law Given on Mt. SinaiThe Law Given on Mt. Sinai

Mosaic Covenant given: Mosaic Covenant given: Exodus 19:16-19, 20:18 Exodus 19:16-19, 20:18 Pretty awesome! Pretty awesome!

But…. Hebrews 12:18-But…. Hebrews 12:18-2424

What was wrong with What was wrong with the first covenant that the first covenant that it needed to be it needed to be replaced? Leviticus replaced? Leviticus 18:5, Deuteronomy 18:5, Deuteronomy 27:26, Leviticus 26:3-4, 27:26, Leviticus 26:3-4, 14-16 2 14-16 2 Corinthians 3:7-11Corinthians 3:7-11

From Shadow to RealityFrom Shadow to Reality

The bottom line: Heb The bottom line: Heb 10:1-4, Colossians 2:16-10:1-4, Colossians 2:16-1717

A shadow cannot save A shadow cannot save anyone.anyone.

Matthew 5:17, Matthew 5:17, Galatians 3:19, 21,24Galatians 3:19, 21,24

The Mosaic Covenant did The Mosaic Covenant did not bring people to not bring people to salvation, but it brought salvation, but it brought them to Christ.them to Christ.

Jeremiah 31: A better covenantJeremiah 31: A better covenant

v. 28 A covenant only of blessing.v. 28 A covenant only of blessing.

v. 29-30 About individuals in a relationship v. 29-30 About individuals in a relationship with God. with God.

v. 34 It won’t be you are born then you get to v. 34 It won’t be you are born then you get to know me. You will be born knowing me.know me. You will be born knowing me.

v. 34b I will forgive their wickedness. (Q: v. 34b I will forgive their wickedness. (Q: Wasn’t that also true with Israel? Heb 9:6-10, Wasn’t that also true with Israel? Heb 9:6-10, 10:15-1810:15-18

v. 35-37 Great assurance!v. 35-37 Great assurance!

Ezekiel 36 A Better Covenant part Ezekiel 36 A Better Covenant part IIII

-from all nations 24-from all nations 24

-cleansed with water 25-cleansed with water 25

-a new heart and a new spirit (born again) -a new heart and a new spirit (born again) 2626

-receive the Holy Spirit 27-receive the Holy Spirit 27

-blessings (physical rather than spiritual -blessings (physical rather than spiritual because this is the Old Testament) 29-30because this is the Old Testament) 29-30

-repentance 31-repentance 31

Type and Antitype in the First and Second Covenants   Prefigure in the Law of moses

 Realization in the law of christ

Obedience to physically defined rules required.

Obedience to spiritual principles required.

Physical blessings promised. 

Spiritual blessings promised.

Ceremonial uncleanness. 

Sin and separation from God.

Sacrifice bridges the chasm between law and effort.

Sacrifice bridges the chasm between law and effort.

Sealed with the blood of bulls and goats.

Sealed with the blood of Jesus Christ.

Mediated by a High Priest. 

Mediated by THE High Priest, Jesus Christ.

Laws, rules and regulations for behavior.

Behavior based on spiritual principle and love.

Tithing. Sacrifice and giving from the heart.

Sabbath. 

Come…. I will give you rest. Relying on Jesus.

Death. 

Life.

   

A Much Better CovenantA Much Better Covenant

Gal 3:10-12 All who rely on observing the law are Gal 3:10-12 All who rely on observing the law are under a curse, for it is written: “Cursed is everyone under a curse, for it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.” Clearly no one is justified before Book of the Law.” Clearly no one is justified before God by the law, because, “The righteous will live by God by the law, because, “The righteous will live by faith.” The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, faith.” The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, “The man who does these things will live by them.”“The man who does these things will live by them.”

Coll 2:16-17 Therefore do not let anyone judge you by Coll 2:16-17 Therefore do not let anyone judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a religious what you eat or drink, or with regard to a religious festival, a New Moon celebration or a Sabbath day. festival, a New Moon celebration or a Sabbath day. These are a shadow These are a shadow of the things that were to come; of the things that were to come; the reality, however, is the reality, however, is found found in Christin Christ

Sacrificial Type and Antitype

  

Old Testament Sacrifice

New Testament fulfillment

Scriptures 

Sweet Savor Sacrifices

The Burnt Offering

Jesus’ and our devotion to God 

Ephesians 5:1,2 Romans 12:1,2

The Grain Offering Giving back a contribution to God

Matthew 6:19-21Romans 8,9

The Drink Offering Pouring out our life for God 

Luke 22:20 Philippians 2:16

The Fellowship Offering

Celebrating our blessings from God

John 10:101 Thess 5:16

Blood Sacrifices

The Sin Offering Jesus’ sacrifice for our sins 

1 Peter 1:18,192 Corinthians 5:21

The Guilt Offering

Maintaining a relationship with one another

Matthew 5:23,24

Gifts/Offerings/Sweet Smelling Gifts/Offerings/Sweet Smelling SacrificesSacrifices

The Burnt Offering The Burnt Offering olah olah Leviticus 1Leviticus 1

The Grain Offering The Grain Offering minchah minchah Leviticus 2Leviticus 2

The Drink Offering The Drink Offering neseknesek Leviticus 23 Leviticus 23

The Fellowship Offering The Fellowship Offering shelem shelem Lev 3Lev 3

The Burnt Offering Leviticus 1The Burnt Offering Leviticus 1

Lay hands on the animal.Lay hands on the animal.

Sacrifice the animalSacrifice the animal

Clean the body but not the headClean the body but not the head

Burn them on the altarBurn them on the altar

Meaning: Total commitment of one’s life to Meaning: Total commitment of one’s life to God.God.

The Burnt OfferingThe Burnt Offering

Jesus gave a burnt offering: Ephesians 5:1-Jesus gave a burnt offering: Ephesians 5:1-22

God calls us to give a burnt offeringGod calls us to give a burnt offering

Romans 12:1-2 … in view of God’s mercyRomans 12:1-2 … in view of God’s mercy

Isaiah 6:8 Here am I, send meIsaiah 6:8 Here am I, send me

What will you lay on the altar? What will you lay on the altar?

The Grain OfferingThe Grain Offering

Give the Give the FIRST FRUITS FIRST FRUITS of what God has of what God has blessed you with.blessed you with.

NOTNOT voluntary. voluntary.

Grain hard workGrain hard work Oil joyOil joy Incense prayerIncense prayer Salt eternal blessings, “treasures in Salt eternal blessings, “treasures in

heaven”heaven”

No yeast!!! 1 Cor 5:6-8No yeast!!! 1 Cor 5:6-8

The Grain OfferingThe Grain Offering

Application: Our contribution to God 2 Cor Application: Our contribution to God 2 Cor 8,98,9

For us, 10% is not mandatory, but giving For us, 10% is not mandatory, but giving sacrificially is.sacrificially is.

Malachi 3:7-10Malachi 3:7-10

Matthew 5:20Matthew 5:20

The Drink OfferingThe Drink Offering

Drink Poured out on the altar.Drink Poured out on the altar.

Application: Pouring out our life on the Application: Pouring out our life on the altar.altar.

Usually given with the grain offering.Usually given with the grain offering.

Application: We give our tithe, but God Application: We give our tithe, but God wants much more. He wants us to be “all wants much more. He wants us to be “all in.”in.”

The Drink OfferingThe Drink Offering

Jesus gave a drink offering Luke 22:20Jesus gave a drink offering Luke 22:20

Paul gave a drink offering Phil 2:16-17 2 Paul gave a drink offering Phil 2:16-17 2 Tim 4:6,7Tim 4:6,7

Haggai 1:3 What are you saving for?Haggai 1:3 What are you saving for?

1 Tim 6:6-10 Are you content?1 Tim 6:6-10 Are you content?

The greatest joy comes from giving a drink The greatest joy comes from giving a drink offering.offering.

The Fellowship OfferingThe Fellowship Offering

Party Time!!!!! Celebrate the blessings of Party Time!!!!! Celebrate the blessings of God.God.

VoluntaryVoluntary

Vow Offering Leviticus 11:16Vow Offering Leviticus 11:16 Blessings hoped forBlessings hoped for

Thank Offering Leviticus 7:11-15Thank Offering Leviticus 7:11-15 Blessings already received.Blessings already received.

Free Will Offering Leviticus 22:23Free Will Offering Leviticus 22:23 Thankful for blessings in generalThankful for blessings in general

The Fellowship OfferingThe Fellowship Offering

Application I Thess 5:16-18Application I Thess 5:16-18 Rejoice always (free will offering)Rejoice always (free will offering) Pray continually (vow offering)Pray continually (vow offering) Give thanks in all circumstances (thank offering)Give thanks in all circumstances (thank offering)

Placed on top of the burnt offering Placed on top of the burnt offering

Blood SacrificesBlood Sacrifices

The Sin Offering The Sin Offering chatat chatat Leviticus 4Leviticus 4 For sins against God For sins against God

The Guilt Offering The Guilt Offering asham asham Leviticus 5Leviticus 5 For offenses against a fellow JewFor offenses against a fellow Jew

Hebrews 9:13-14Hebrews 9:13-14

No sacrifice for willful sin! Leviticus No sacrifice for willful sin! Leviticus 4:1 (Heb 10:26)4:1 (Heb 10:26)

The Sin Offering The Sin Offering Lev 4:1-5:13Lev 4:1-5:13

Unblemished bull or goat (like Jesus)Unblemished bull or goat (like Jesus)

Offender laid their hands on the animal (God put Offender laid their hands on the animal (God put our sins on Jesus on the cross) Isaiah 53:6our sins on Jesus on the cross) Isaiah 53:6

Offender killed the animal. (We killed Jesus) Offender killed the animal. (We killed Jesus) Matt 27:25Matt 27:25

Blood sprinkled on the altar, as well as on the Blood sprinkled on the altar, as well as on the curtain.curtain.

Body burned outside the camp (like Jesus) Heb Body burned outside the camp (like Jesus) Heb 13:11-1313:11-13

The Guilt Offering The Guilt Offering Lev 5:14-6:7Lev 5:14-6:7

Only for offenses of individuals, not groups.Only for offenses of individuals, not groups.

Offender must make restitution first before Offender must make restitution first before bringing the sacrifice. (Matthew 5:23-24)bringing the sacrifice. (Matthew 5:23-24)

But….But….

God wants us to be confident Heb 10:19-22God wants us to be confident Heb 10:19-22

The Red Heifer Sacrifice as a The Red Heifer Sacrifice as a PrefigurePrefigure

The Red Heifer SacrificeThe Red Heifer Sacrifice The Sacrifice of JesusThe Sacrifice of Jesus

A very rare red heiferA very rare red heifer A unique sonA unique son

Sacrificed outside the campSacrificed outside the camp

(on the Mount of Olives)(on the Mount of Olives)Sacrificed outside the camp Sacrificed outside the camp

(on the Mount of Olives)(on the Mount of Olives)

To purify both Jews and To purify both Jews and GentilesGentiles

To purify both Jews and To purify both Jews and GentilesGentiles

A sacrifice without blemish A sacrifice without blemish (not even one black hair!)(not even one black hair!)

A sacrifice without blemishA sacrifice without blemish

Never been yoked (voluntary, Never been yoked (voluntary, not sinned)not sinned)

A voluntary sacrifice, without A voluntary sacrifice, without sinsin

Scarlet wool and woodScarlet wool and wood Blood on woodBlood on wood

Hyssop (purification from Hyssop (purification from infection)infection)

Purifies from the infection of Purifies from the infection of sinsin

Combines ashes from Combines ashes from sacrifice with water for sacrifice with water for purification.purification.

Combine the blood of Jesus Combine the blood of Jesus with baptism for purificationwith baptism for purification

A Better SacrificeA Better SacrificeHebrews 9:23 It was necessary, then, for the copies of Hebrews 9:23 It was necessary, then, for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things with better sacrifices than thesebut the heavenly things with better sacrifices than these

The lesser The lesser sacrifice:sacrifice:

Bulls, goats, red Bulls, goats, red heiferheifer

The greater The greater sacrifice:sacrifice:

JesusJesus

Outward Outward (appearance)(appearance)

Inward (reality)Inward (reality)

Temporary, Temporary, repeated many repeated many timestimes

Eternal, done only Eternal, done only onceonce

CeremonialCeremonial RealReal

Not voluntaryNot voluntary VoluntaryVoluntary

First Covenant Festivals as Types

Jewish Festival Antitype in the Christian Life

Passover (pesach) The Sacrificial Death of Jesus Christ

Feast of Firstfruits The Resurrection of Jesus Christ

Feast of Unleavened Bread Celebrating Being Free of Sin in Our Lives

Feast of Weeks/Pentecost (shavoat)

The Giving of the Holy Spirit and the Initiation of the Church

Feast of Trumpets (rosh hashanah)

Judgement Day, Jesus Coming Back

Day of Atonement (yom kippur)

The Day We Were Saved—Spiritual Birthday

Feast of Booths (Tabernacles)

Celebrating Life in Fellowship with God

Under a death sentence

Pure, undefiled Passover lamb (1 Cor 5:7-8)

Blood sprinkled on the wooden beam above the door.

A remembrance of salvation from death

A remembrance of salvation from slavery

No bone broken

Remove all the leaven (1 Cor 5:7)

The third cup: the cup of redemption.

A foreshadow of the Return of Jesus. • Matt 25:30-31, I Thess 4:13-14 Trumpet call.

A foreshadow of Judgment Day

Rabbis: Stay awake all night so you will be prepared.

Sacrificial goat and scape goat.

Sins laid on sacrificial goat, killed outside the camp.

Prefigure of the salvation of Jesus.

A harvest festival when there was no harvest.

A promise of a future harvest.

A foreshadow of the final resurrection.

A prefigure of the resurrection of Jesus.

Coll 1:18 The first born from among the dead.