Jesus in the Old Jesus in the Old Testament:Testament:

From ShadowFrom Shadowto to

RealityReality

John OakesJohn Oakes

San Diego Spring, 2014San Diego Spring, 2014

John 5:39-40 You diligently study John 5:39-40 You diligently study the Scriptures because you think the Scriptures because you think that by them you possess eternal that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me, yet you refuse to testify about me, yet you refuse to come to me to have life.come to me to have life.

Old Testament like a play….Old Testament like a play….

Old Testament like a mystery….Old Testament like a mystery….

Foreshadow: An object, event, person or situation which stands for something similar, but of greater significance in the future.

Prefigure: A specific thing which stands for another specific thing similar to it in the future.

Type and Antitype: A person or thing regarded as the symbol of someone or something which is yet to appear

OutlineOutline

I. Historical Prefigures. I. Historical Prefigures.

II. Prefigures of Jesus Christ. II. Prefigures of Jesus Christ.

III. Objects in the Tabernacle prefigure NT III. Objects in the Tabernacle prefigure NT realities.realities.

IV. Old Covenant priesthood foreshadows IV. Old Covenant priesthood foreshadows priesthood in the New priesthood in the New

Testament.Testament.

V. The law of Moses prefigures the law of V. The law of Moses prefigures the law of ChristChrist

Outline (cont.)Outline (cont.)

VI. The OT/Levitical sacrifices are foreshadows VI. The OT/Levitical sacrifices are foreshadows of the work of Christ.of the work of Christ.

VII. The festivals celebrated by the Jews are VII. The festivals celebrated by the Jews are prefigures of our relationship with God in the prefigures of our relationship with God in the NT.NT.

VIII Historical prophecies of Jesus.VIII Historical prophecies of Jesus.

IX Historical prophecies of the Kingdom of God.IX Historical prophecies of the Kingdom of God.

Historical ForeshadowsHistorical Foreshadows

1 Corinthians 10:11 These things happened 1 Corinthians 10:11 These things happened to them as examples and were written down to them as examples and were written down as warnings for us, on whom the as warnings for us, on whom the fulfillmentfulfillment of of the ages has come.the ages has come.

A little example: Numbers 21:4-9.A little example: Numbers 21:4-9.

Snake-bite = sin. Both Snake-bite = sin. Both result in death Romans result in death Romans 6:236:23

The solution? Look to The solution? Look to the snake, lifted up on a the snake, lifted up on a wooden pole John 3:14wooden pole John 3:14

Why a snake? 2 Why a snake? 2 Corinthians 5:21Corinthians 5:21

Adam and Eve as ForeshadowsAdam and Eve as Foreshadows

Adam and Eve are us!Adam and Eve are us!

-created to know and be in relationship w/ God-created to know and be in relationship w/ God

- given freedom and a choice- given freedom and a choice

- abused their choice- abused their choice

- died (spiritual death)- died (spiritual death)

- separated from God, kicked out of the garden- separated from God, kicked out of the garden

The rest of the Bible is the story of our The rest of the Bible is the story of our restoration to the garden, which is finally restoration to the garden, which is finally accomplished in Rev 21 and Ezek 47accomplished in Rev 21 and Ezek 47

Jesus, the Second AdamJesus, the Second Adam

Romans 5:12-19 Adam a type of JesusRomans 5:12-19 Adam a type of Jesus

Sin of Adam set a pattern and produced a terrible resultSin of Adam set a pattern and produced a terrible result

Sinless life of Jesus set a pattern and produced a wonderful Sinless life of Jesus set a pattern and produced a wonderful result.result.

Romans 5:14 Adam, “who was a pattern of the one to come.”Romans 5:14 Adam, “who was a pattern of the one to come.”

What does this mean?What does this mean?

5:15 By the sin of one many died. Similarly, the sinless life 5:15 By the sin of one many died. Similarly, the sinless life of one saved many from death.of one saved many from death.

5:16-19 esp 18-195:16-19 esp 18-19

1 Cor 15:45 Jesus “the last Adam.”1 Cor 15:45 Jesus “the last Adam.”

Noah and the FloodNoah and the Flood

2 Peter 3:3-7 The flood of Noah is a type. 2 Peter 3:3-7 The flood of Noah is a type. Final judgment is the antitype.Final judgment is the antitype.

v. 7 …by the same word…v. 7 …by the same word…

Luke 17:26-27 Just as in the days of Noah….Luke 17:26-27 Just as in the days of Noah….

But… God foreshadows both judgment and But… God foreshadows both judgment and salvationsalvation

1 Peter 3:20-22 Is baptism a symbol?1 Peter 3:20-22 Is baptism a symbol?

Foreshadows surrounding AbrahamForeshadows surrounding Abraham

Isaac = children of promise = usIsaac = children of promise = us Ishmael = children born in the usual way Ishmael = children born in the usual way

= Israel= Israel

Hagar = Old Covenant = Mt. Sinai = Hagar = Old Covenant = Mt. Sinai = “present Jerusalem”“present Jerusalem”

Sarah = New Covenant = “the Jerusalem Sarah = New Covenant = “the Jerusalem that is above”that is above”

Genesis 22:1-11Genesis 22:1-11

Your only son…Your only son…

Mt. MoriahMt. Moriah

On the 3On the 3rdrd day day

Isaac carries the woodIsaac carries the wood

Abraham carries the Abraham carries the knifeknife

Raised from the dead Raised from the dead (figuratively, Heb (figuratively, Heb 11:19)11:19)

Sodom and GomorrahSodom and Gomorrah

Sodom is symbolic of “the Sodom is symbolic of “the world.”world.”

Sodom = Egypt = Babylon Sodom = Egypt = Babylon Revelation 11:8 Revelation 11:8

Rev 18:2-3Rev 18:2-3

Sodom is a symbol of what Sodom is a symbol of what God will do to the unrighteous God will do to the unrighteous Luke 17:28-31Luke 17:28-31

Who is Lot? 2 Peter 2:6Who is Lot? 2 Peter 2:6

Who is Lot’s wife? Luke 17:32Who is Lot’s wife? Luke 17:32

Foreshadows in the ExodusForeshadows in the Exodus

Exodus 3:7-10 The Exodus 3:7-10 The people are people are enslaved: God enslaved: God sends a savior.sends a savior.

Moses = JesusMoses = Jesus

Pharaoh = SatanPharaoh = Satan

Plague #10: A Plague #10: A death sentencedeath sentence

1 Cor 5:71 Cor 5:7

Passing Through the Red SeaPassing Through the Red Sea

We’re free!!!We’re free!!!

Not yet!!!Not yet!!!

1 Cor 10:1-41 Cor 10:1-4

 

Historical type/antitype in the Exodus

OLD TESTAMENT TYPE

NEW TESTAMENT ANTITYPE

SLAVERY IN EGYPT

LOST, SLAVE TO SIN

WANDERING IN THE WILDERNESS

SAVED, BUT LIVING THE LIFE OF A DISCIPLE

ENTERING THE PROMISED LAND

ENTERING HEAVEN

 

Wandering in the Wilderness:Wandering in the Wilderness:The Live of a DiscipleThe Live of a Disciple

Deuteronomy 8 Walking by faithDeuteronomy 8 Walking by faith

Hebrews 3:14-4:2 Their bodies were Hebrews 3:14-4:2 Their bodies were scattered across the desert….scattered across the desert….

The key: Make every effort to enterThe key: Make every effort to enter

Numbers 11:4-6Numbers 11:4-6

The key: Don’t look backThe key: Don’t look back

Joshua: Crossing the JordanJoshua: Crossing the Jordan

Joshua = JeshuaJoshua = Jeshua

22ndnd generation were generation were baptized into Joshua in baptized into Joshua in the Jordanthe Jordan

Circumcision = BaptismCircumcision = Baptism

Colossians 2:11-12Colossians 2:11-12

A Pattern: Sin, Devastation, A Pattern: Sin, Devastation, Repentance, God Sends a SaviorRepentance, God Sends a Savior

Q: How many times Q: How many times did God send a Savior did God send a Savior to rescue his people?to rescue his people?

Othniel, Shamgar, Othniel, Shamgar, Deborah, Gideon, Deborah, Gideon, Jephthah, Samson, Jephthah, Samson, David, even Cyrus!David, even Cyrus!

EstherEsther

The Restoration under Zerubbabel The Restoration under Zerubbabel as a Foreshadow of our as a Foreshadow of our

Restoration to GodRestoration to God

Ezekiel 36:24-37 Is this about the Ezekiel 36:24-37 Is this about the restoration of the Jews to the Promised restoration of the Jews to the Promised Land or is about our restoration to a Land or is about our restoration to a relationship with God?relationship with God?

Ezekiel 37:10-26Ezekiel 37:10-26

How Do I Know if This is a Legitimate How Do I Know if This is a Legitimate Inspired Foreshadow or Prefigure?Inspired Foreshadow or Prefigure?

1. If a New Testament writer says a particular passage 1. If a New Testament writer says a particular passage in the Old Testament is a in the Old Testament is a foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type, then it is.foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type, then it is.

2. If an Old Testament passage works as a 2. If an Old Testament passage works as a foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type both in the general foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type both in the general sense and in the specifics, then it is probably legitimate.sense and in the specifics, then it is probably legitimate.

3. If one already knows that a general event in the Old 3. If one already knows that a general event in the Old Testament is a foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type, Testament is a foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type, then it is safer to assume that the details are then it is safer to assume that the details are foreshadows as well.foreshadows as well.

1. If a New Testament writer says a particular 1. If a New Testament writer says a particular passage in the Old Testament is a passage in the Old Testament is a

foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type, then it foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure/type, then it is.is.

Matthew 12:39-42 just as JonahMatthew 12:39-42 just as Jonah

John 3:14 Just as Moses…John 3:14 Just as Moses…

Galatians 4:24 These things may be taken Galatians 4:24 These things may be taken figuratively…figuratively…

Heb 11:19 and figuratively speaking…Heb 11:19 and figuratively speaking…

Heb 10:1 The Law is only a shadow…Heb 10:1 The Law is only a shadow…

Heb 9:9 This is an illustration for the present Heb 9:9 This is an illustration for the present time…time…

1 Pet 3:21 And this water symbolized baptism…1 Pet 3:21 And this water symbolized baptism…

Zechariah 12:10 confirmed by Jn 19:37Zechariah 12:10 confirmed by Jn 19:37

2. If an Old Testament passage works as a 2. If an Old Testament passage works as a foreshadow/prefigure both in the general foreshadow/prefigure both in the general sense and in the specifics, then it is probably sense and in the specifics, then it is probably legitimate.legitimate.

Example:Example:

Numbers 21:4-9 vs 1 Clement 12:7 and RahabNumbers 21:4-9 vs 1 Clement 12:7 and Rahab

Big Picture: Saved from death by lookingBig Picture: Saved from death by looking

Big Picture: Saved by a red clothBig Picture: Saved by a red cloth

Details: Lifted on a pole, snake = sin, etc.Details: Lifted on a pole, snake = sin, etc.

Details: Is a red rope similar to blood? Details: Is a red rope similar to blood?

More examples: Jonah as prefigure, Psalm 22 More examples: Jonah as prefigure, Psalm 22

Isaiah 9 the TabernacleIsaiah 9 the Tabernacle

3. If one already knows that a general event 3. If one already knows that a general event in OT is a foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure, in OT is a foreshadow/prophecy/prefigure, then it is safer to assume that the details are then it is safer to assume that the details are foreshadows as well.foreshadows as well.

Example #1 We know Jonah in the fish for 3 Example #1 We know Jonah in the fish for 3 days is a foreshadow, we can infer that the days is a foreshadow, we can infer that the gambling is also a foreshadow.gambling is also a foreshadow.

Example #2 The Passover a foreshadow (1 Cor Example #2 The Passover a foreshadow (1 Cor 5:7). Therefore the details are also a 5:7). Therefore the details are also a foreshadow (no broken bones, on a wooden foreshadow (no broken bones, on a wooden beam, etc.)beam, etc.)

Example #3 Entering the Promised Land = Example #3 Entering the Promised Land = Entering heaven (Heb 3:16-4:2) Therefore, other Entering heaven (Heb 3:16-4:2) Therefore, other details of leaving Egypt, wandering and entering details of leaving Egypt, wandering and entering are foreshadows.are foreshadows.

Prefigures of Jesus ChristPrefigures of Jesus Christ

Adam Adam Melchizedek, Isaac, JosephMelchizedek, Isaac, Joseph MosesMoses Joshua Joshua Deborah, Samson, SaulDeborah, Samson, Saul DavidDavid Elijah, JonahElijah, Jonah Daniel, CyrusDaniel, Cyrus Joshua the priest, EstherJoshua the priest, Esther

Melchizedek: An interesting guy!Melchizedek: An interesting guy!

• Without genealogy, without descendents. Without genealogy, without descendents. (Hebrews 7:3)(Hebrews 7:3)

• “ “Without beginning of days or end of life” Without beginning of days or end of life” (Hebrews 7:3)(Hebrews 7:3)

• A priest forever. (Hebrews 7:3, Psalm 110:4)A priest forever. (Hebrews 7:3, Psalm 110:4)• The King of Salem (Jerusalem) (Genesis The King of Salem (Jerusalem) (Genesis

14:18)14:18)• A priest, but not of the family of Levi.A priest, but not of the family of Levi.• He blessed Abraham. (Genesis 14:19)He blessed Abraham. (Genesis 14:19)• Abraham offered him a tithe/sacrifice Abraham offered him a tithe/sacrifice

(Genesis 14:20).(Genesis 14:20).

Melchizedek: Prefigure of ChristMelchizedek: Prefigure of Christ

• Melchizedek means King of Righteousness.Melchizedek means King of Righteousness.• King of Salem means King (prince?) of Peace.King of Salem means King (prince?) of Peace.• The King of physical Jerusalem.The King of physical Jerusalem.• Without descendants.Without descendants.• High Priest because of his character, not by High Priest because of his character, not by

descent.descent.• Greater than Abraham (Heb 7:4, John 8:53-58).Greater than Abraham (Heb 7:4, John 8:53-58).• Gave Abraham bread and wine (last supper, Gave Abraham bread and wine (last supper,

Lord’s Supper)Lord’s Supper)• A priest for everyone; not just for the Jews.A priest for everyone; not just for the Jews.• A priest and a king.A priest and a king.

Parallels Between Moses and Jesus 

Moses 

Jesus

Pharaoh tried to kill him 

Herod tried to kill him

Called by God to leave Egypt Carried out of Egypt

Forty years in the wilderness to prepare for his ministry

Forty days in the wilderness to prepare for his ministry

Left his position with the king of Egypt to dwell with the Jews

Left the right hand of the Father to life with the Jews

Led Israel out of slavery in Egypt

Leads Spiritual Israel out of sin

Aaron prepared the way 

John the Baptist prepared the way

Baptized Israel in the Red Sea in order to free them

Commands baptism in water for freedom from sin

Gave manna in the wilderness (sort of)

Gives spiritual bread to all who hunger

Gave water to the people in the desert

Gives spiritual water: the Holy Spirit

Spoke to God on Mt. Sinai Spoke to God on Mt. Hermon

Model of The Jewish TabernacleHebrews 10:19-20

Type/Antitype Relationships in the Tabernacle 

ITEM IN TABERNACLE OR TEMPLE 

ANTITYPE IN THE NEW COVENANT

SCRIPTURE REFERENCE

The tabernacle itself God dwelling with his people

John 14:1-3, John 1:14J. Rev 1:13

The bronze altar of sacrifice

The sacrifice of Jesus for sins

 

The basin/laver 

Baptism  

The show bread 

The bread of life, Jesus Christ

 

The lampstand 

The Holy Spirit Zechariah 4:1-6

The altar of incense The prayers of the saints

Revelation 5:8

The blue, purple and scarlet yarn

The heavens, the kingship of God, the blood of Jesus

 

The curtain Separation from God Matthew 27:51

The ark of the covenant

The presence of God  

The Mercy Seat 

The grace of God  

The Cherubim 

   

Hebrews 9:14

Titus 3:5

John 6:48-51

Psalm 132:7,8

The angels in heaven Ezekiel 10:15-22

Type and Antitype in the First and Second Covenants   Prefigure in the Law of moses

 Realization in the law of christ

Obedience to physically defined rules required.

Obedience to spiritual principles required.

Physical blessings promised. 

Spiritual blessings promised.

Ceremonial uncleanness. 

Sin and separation from God.

Sacrifice bridges the chasm between law and effort.

Sacrifice bridges the chasm between law and effort.

Sealed with the blood of bulls and goats.

Sealed with the blood of Jesus Christ.

Mediated by a High Priest. 

Mediated by THE High Priest, Jesus Christ.

Laws, rules and regulations for behavior.

Behavior based on spiritual principle and love.

Tithing. Sacrifice and giving from the heart.

Sabbath. 

Come…. I will give you rest. Relying on Jesus.

Death. 

Life.

   

Sacrificial Type and Antitype

  

Old Testament Sacrifice

New Testament fulfillment

Scriptures 

Sweet Savor Sacrifices

The Burnt Offering

Jesus’ and our devotion to God 

Ephesians 5:1,2 Romans 12:1,2

The Grain Offering Giving back a contribution to God

Matthew 6:19-21Romans 8,9

The Drink Offering Pouring out our life for God 

Luke 22:20 Philippians 2:16

The Fellowship Offering

Celebrating our blessings from God

John 10:101 Thess 5:16

Blood Sacrifices

The Sin Offering Jesus’ sacrifice for our sins 

1 Peter 1:18,192 Corinthians 5:21

The Guilt Offering

Maintaining a relationship with one another

Matthew 5:23,24

The Red Heifer Sacrifice as a The Red Heifer Sacrifice as a PrefigurePrefigure

The Red Heifer SacrificeThe Red Heifer Sacrifice The Sacrifice of JesusThe Sacrifice of Jesus

A very rare red heiferA very rare red heifer A unique sonA unique son

Sacrificed outside the campSacrificed outside the camp

(on the Mount of Olives)(on the Mount of Olives)Sacrificed outside the camp Sacrificed outside the camp

(on the Mount of Olives)(on the Mount of Olives)

To purify both Jews and To purify both Jews and GentilesGentiles

To purify both Jews and To purify both Jews and GentilesGentiles

A sacrifice without blemish A sacrifice without blemish (not even one black hair!)(not even one black hair!)

A sacrifice without blemishA sacrifice without blemish

Never been yoked (voluntary, Never been yoked (voluntary, not sinned)not sinned)

A voluntary sacrifice, without A voluntary sacrifice, without sinsin

Scarlet wool and woodScarlet wool and wood Blood on woodBlood on wood

Hyssop (purification from Hyssop (purification from infection)infection)

Purifies from the infection of Purifies from the infection of sinsin

Combines ashes from Combines ashes from sacrifice with water for sacrifice with water for purification.purification.

Combine the blood of Jesus Combine the blood of Jesus with baptism for purificationwith baptism for purification

A Better SacrificeA Better SacrificeHebrews 9:23 It was necessary, then, for the copies of Hebrews 9:23 It was necessary, then, for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things with better sacrifices than thesebut the heavenly things with better sacrifices than these

The lesser The lesser sacrifice:sacrifice:

Bulls, goats, red Bulls, goats, red heiferheifer

The greater The greater sacrifice:sacrifice:

JesusJesus

Outward Outward (appearance)(appearance)

Inward (reality)Inward (reality)

Temporary, Temporary, repeated many repeated many timestimes

Eternal, done only Eternal, done only onceonce

CeremonialCeremonial RealReal

Not voluntaryNot voluntary VoluntaryVoluntary

First Covenant Festivals as Types

Jewish Festival Antitype in the Christian Life

Passover (pesach) The Sacrificial Death of Jesus Christ

Feast of Firstfruits The Resurrection of Jesus Christ

Feast of Unleavened Bread Celebrating Being Free of Sin in Our Lives

Feast of Weeks/Pentecost (shavoat)

The Giving of the Holy Spirit and the Initiation of the Church

Feast of Trumpets (rosh hashanah)

Judgement Day, Jesus Coming Back

Day of Atonement (yom kippur)

The Day We Were Saved—Spiritual Birthday

Feast of Booths (Tabernacles)

Celebrating Life in Fellowship with God

Under a death sentence

Pure, undefiled Passover lamb (1 Cor 5:7-8)

Blood sprinkled on the wooden beam above the door.

A remembrance of salvation from death

A remembrance of salvation from slavery

No bone broken

Remove all the leaven (1 Cor 5:7)

The third cup: the cup of redemption.

A foreshadow of the Return of Jesus. • Matt 25:30-31, I Thess 4:13-14 Trumpet call.

A foreshadow of Judgment Day

Rabbis: Stay awake all night so you will be prepared.

Sacrificial goat and scape goat.

Sins laid on sacrificial goat, killed outside the camp.

Prefigure of the salvation of Jesus.

A harvest festival when there was no harvest.

A promise of a future harvest.

A foreshadow of the final resurrection.

A prefigure of the resurrection of Jesus.

Coll 1:18 The first born from among the dead.