japanese dynasty

8/14/2019 Japanese Dynasty

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JAPANESE DYNASTY IN

DIFFERENT PERIODS

BARANEEDHARAN K-09AA07

CHITRA K-09AA09

RAJAN BL-09AA28

SEERALAN T-09AA35


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Paleolithic Culture

No solid evidence of human presence before

35,000 years ago.

Earliest inhabitants of Japan are believed to have

migrated from Northwest Asia and from the

islands/regions of southwest Asia

Settle in coastal regions

Name comes from Chinese jih pen which meansorigin of the sun

At one time there was a land bridge connectingsouthern Japan with Korean peninsula

Japan was relatively safe from invasion & developsindependent of the rest of Asia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:JapanesePolishedStoneAxes.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:JapanesePolishedStoneAxes.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:JapanesePolishedStoneAxes.JPG


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Jmon (Neolithic) Culture

Jomon Period (10,500-300 BCE): One of Japans earliest distinct

culture,Jomon, meaning cord markings, refers to the techniquethat this culture used to decorate earthenware vessels.

The dominate people were probably Ainu. The population mayhave reached 250,000. Average life expectancy was 15 years.

They were primarily hunter-gatherers who lived on deer, wild boreand fish.

Villages consisted of 6-10 pit dwellings and were marked by hugeshell mounds.

Human remains indicate tooth mutilation, a Southeast Asianinitiation practice.


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Ainu Ainu are to the closest in

cultural and physicalappearance to the Jomon

Referred to as the hairyones

Japans equivalent toAmerican Inuit

Live in the northern most

regions of Japan

Forced to move northwardas Japanese populationexpands in 8th Century


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Jomonfigure

shows signsof


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Yayoi Culture The Yayoi period was 200 BCE-300 CE. It was

Japans iron age.

The population increased by ten to 15 timessuggesting a major influx of people who settledin Kyushu and the Kansai area.

Skeletal remains indicate anatomical differencesfrom the existing population.

DNA samples suggest migrants were from Chinaslower Yangze River basin.

The period is marked by settled wet-riceagriculture and metallurgy. Metals were used toproduced weapons, tools, mirrors & ceremonialbells.

Shamanism and fertility cults were common.


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Horse-rider Theory

Namio-Egami

Basic Character of Yayoiand Early Tomb Periods isIncantatory, sacrificial,

southeast Asian, in a wordagricultural

Late Tomb Period is realist,warlike, baronial, northAsian, in

a word Horse-riderYayoi potswere wheel

thrown and hitemp fired.


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Yayoi uji: clans Clans headed by single figure -- both

War-chief and priest

Women held prominent place in uji,perhaps even serving as clan head orPriestess.

Each clan associated with a single god orkami which represented a force ofNature.

When one ujiconquered another, it

absorbed its kamiinto its own religiouspractices resulting in a complexpantheon ofkami


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KOFUN-The Tomb PeriodKofun ancient burial mounds

Korean Connection

Keyhole shape

150,000 kofun have been found. The largest were 400meters in length.

The tombs indicate the increasing organization ofsociety and the existence of surplus labor.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:KofunCuirass3.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:KofunHelmet.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:KofunHelmet.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:KofunCuirass2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:KofunCuirass3.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:KofunHelmetIronAndGiltCopper5thCenturyIseProvince.jpg


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Late Tomb Period

Yamato kings and local chiefs Complex web of allegiance and fealty

Loosely centralized political order

Korean Connection Crucial transmitters of ideas and material

culture Wa military on peninsula

7th century wars on peninsula stimulatedimmigration to archipelago.


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Known as largest tumulus (pitgraves covered by sometimesenormous mounds).

Central mound, which takesthe keyhole form.

1,600 feet long and rises to aheight of 90 feet. It covers458 acres.

Objects were placed with thecoffin to assist in thetransition to the next life.


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Burial Practices

This Tall Pine Burial Mound nearNara was decorated with paintings

and star patterns on the ceiling.

Haniwa are clay figures & objectsthat were placed around tombs.


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Asuka TransformationThe Asuka period is the first when the

Japanese imperial court ruled relatively

uncontested.

The court was located in the Asuka region ofYamato Province, but had no permanentcapital.

The period (538-646 CE) overlaps the lateTomb period and extends to the TaikaReform.

The Yamato court exercised power over clanson Honshu and Kyushu. They suppressed

warring clans, awarded titles to subordinatedchieftains and acquired agricultural land.


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Korean ConnectionThe late Asuka period was greatly

influenced by contact with Korea,especially through refugees.

Buddhism was introduced under thesponsorship of the King of Paekche(552).

Warfare on the peninsula included anattempted invasions by Sui (611-614)and a struggle for supremacy betweenPaekche, Koguryo & Silla, promptingKorean immigration to Japan.

The perceived threat to Japan of aunified Korea under Silla and Tangcontrol spurred domestic reform.

Vairocana in

the Todaiji


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ara er o


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ara er o : -794710: first permanent

capital established at Nara

712:A Record of AncientMatters: first book of orallypreserved historic legends

Emperors embracedBuddhism leading to rapidand dramatic expansion

759: The Manyoshu: first

poetry anthology

784:Rise in political powerof Buddhist monasteriesled to capital being movedto Nagaoka


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Nara Fashion

During the Nara and the previous Asuka periods,techniques for dyeing silk were developed. Clothing

consisted of many pieces including upper and lowergarments, jackets, a front skirt, and a back skirt.

Th H i P i d


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In 794 Japans emperor moved the capital to Heian, nowcalled Kyoto. Many nobles moved to Heian, where they

developed an elegant and stylish court society. At theHeian court, Japanese culture flowered.

Heian nobleslived inbeautifulpalaces,enjoyed livesof privilege

So removedfrom commonpeople, manycalled selvesdwellers

Life in the HeianPeriod

Rules governed

all aspects ofcourt behavior,dress

Elaborate silk

gowns forwomen

Proper way towrite note, an

art form

Etiquette

The Heian Period


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Heian Court DressHeian Court Dress


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The Fujiwaras

Fujiwara family controlled

Japan for

most of Heian period

Many Fujiwaras served as

regentFujiwaras often married

daughters to heirs of throne

Rich landowners with

private armies eventuallychallenged

Fujiwaras, Japans centralgovernment Detail of the Flying

Storehouse, from The


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http://www.fieldmuseum.org/research_collections/anthropology/anthro_sites/boone/women/court_photo1a.html


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Heian Literature Men continued to write

Chinese-style poetry

Women began to writein Japanese prose

First novel: GenjiMonogatari by LadyMurasaki Shikibu

Diaries:The Pillowbook by

Sei Shonagan

As I Crossed aBridge of Dreamsby Lady Sarashina
http://www.fieldmuseum.org/research_collections/anthropology/anthro_sites/boone/women/court_photo1a.html


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K k P i d B k f


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Kamakura Period BakufuGovernment:

Lord-Retainer SystemShoguns government structure:Classic Patron-client, or Lord-retainer

system

Shogun accepts allegiance (oaths of

loyalty) from lesser lords Each lord supported by corps of samurai

retainers who swear allegiance to him.

Lords provide leadership and resources

Retainers provide military service,

loyalty, and obedience to their lord

KamakuraPeriod

Samurai

F d liF d li


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FeudalismFeudalism


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SamuraiWeaponry:

Swords

Bow and Arrow

Also Spears

For mountedsamurai

i h i


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Samurai ChargingSamurai Charging

Kamakura:


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Kamakura:Japan under

attackMongol invasions:

1274 & 1281

Divine Winds: or Kamikazesave Japan at the lastmoment

arr ng a es er o : -


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arr ng a es er o : -CE

100 years of civil war

Changes in Bushidoand lord-retainer

systemDramatic changes in

social structure

Change in economic

structure

Muromachi Period


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Muromachi Period

1336 1573

Beginning of the shogunand samurai rule, leadingto Age of Wars

Zen Buddhism

Dry landscapegardening

Ryoan-ji, Kyoto (Below)


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Gempei War Period -Civil Wars1156: Hgen Disturbance--Taira (or Heike) and

Minamoto (or Genji) on both sides 1160: Heiji Disturbance-- Taira were solidly

aligned against the Minamoto. A Taira victoryenabled the clan to become the new aristocracyat court from 1160 until the early 1180s

1180: Taira-Minamoto War -- Minamotochieftains rose in the provinces that led to thedefeat of the Taira

Sengoku Period(1477


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Sengoku Period(1477-1568)

Onin War (1467-77)

Total disintegration

of centralauthority.

High feudalism

Spread of highculture

Constant warfare

Momoyama


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MomoyamaPeriod

1573 1615Three powerful warlords

ousted shogun andconsolidated political

authorityConstruction of castles

Himeji Castle (WhiteHeron Castle)

Tea ceremonySen no Rikyu, tea master

A hi/M P i d(1568 1598)


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Azuchi/Momoyama Period(1568-1598)3 Shoguns who unified Japan in the late 1500s are:

OdaNobunaga:

ReducedBuddhistcontrol over

Japanesepolitics.

Built castlesto defend hislands

Paved theway forunificationwith newadministrative practices.

Continued centralizedgovt. power.

Changed the tax on the

land from money toquantities of rice(koku).

Society based onformal class structure.

Created a standingarmy.

Farmers and warriorshad to choose one orthe other and not both

Establishedhis

government base inEdo.

Finalizedunificationof Japan

ToyotomiHideyoshi: TokugawaIeyasu


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Oda NobunagaToyotomiHideyoshi Tokugawa Ieyas

Ed P i d
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Odanobunaga.jpg


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Edo Period

1615 1868

Tokugawa Ieyasureinstated title ofShogun

Institutions set up tolimit social and culturalchange

Banning of Christianity

Expelled all foreignersexcept Dutch

Edo Period Control


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Edo Period ControlTechniques

Japanese forbidden to

leave & return (1635).

Foreigners forbidden toenter (1639).

Local areas controlledby daimyo(lords).

Daimyo controlled byshogunate.

Travel discouraged.

Meiji Restoration
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Nanbansen2.jpg


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Meiji RestorationShogun forced to relinquish

powerPower officially in hands of

Emperor Mutsuhito

-His reign was called the

Meiji

Japan westernized

-Quickly went to work

crafting a constitution

Satsuma/Choshu

Plotters

Meiji Leadership


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Meiji Leadership

Collective leadership

with the Emperor

20-30 young leaders-Mostly samurai

-Mostly from Satsuma orChoshu

-Includes some reformersamong the royal court

Known as the MeijiOligarchy

Young EmperorMei i

Meiji Restoration:Rapid


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Meiji Restoration:RapidWesternization / modernization

Abolish Caste Structure Strip Daimyo of Han and special privilege

Compensate Daimyo for lost land with cash

Abolish Samurai class and privileges Adopt conscript army of commoners

Forbid wearing of swords

Assign many former samurai as government officials

Meiji Art


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Meiji Arttakes a

modernturn

The Taisho Period (1912-1926)


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The Taisho Period (1912 1926)and the 1920s

Financial conditions force

cuts in spendingUnable to fund domestic

program and new divisionsin military

Prime Minister Saionjiforced out of office

Mass demonstrations

Attempt at imperial orderfails

Significance: first timeparty majority, back by

popular opinion, had

II Samurais III

PP.16-17


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xxxx xxxx xxx

I. EmperorsRule

II. Samurai sRule

X

III.Modern-ization

WAR

IV.Postwar

Clanfight

s

645

NARA

Centralizatio

n

HEIANNobles,

Decentralizati

on

Internal

wars,dynam

ic &fluid

society

Peace,isolati

on,conservativeclass

society

EDO

Tokuga

waShogun

ate

KAMAKURA

MUROMACHI

SENGOKU

1867

MEIJI

Westernization,industri

alization,militarilization

Rapid

recovery and

growth

Hunting &

gathering

TaikaReform

Rice Chineseculture &Buddhis WEST: guns &Christianity

WEST!!!USoccupation

1603


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japanese dynasty

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