백제

By : Riri KusumaraniGlobal ITTPSpring 2013

Table of Contents

• General Information• Founding History – Expansion• Ungjin & Sabi Period• Bilateral Relationship• Battle of Hwangsanbeol• Resurrection Movement• Great Commander Gyebaek• Kings of Baekje Dynasty• Legacy• Kingdom of Sriwijaya

Information• First Described as

Kingdom in 345BC• Capital : – Wirye (18 BC – 475 BC)– Ungjin (476 – 538BC)– Sabi (538-660BC)

• Languages– Baekje Language

• Religion – Buddhism (official religion in 384)

– Confucianism– Korean Shamanism

• King– Onjo (18BC – 28 BC

)– Geungchogo (346-

375BC)– Seong (523-554BC)– Mu (600 -641BC)

• Population : Around 3,8Million

Source :Wikipedia

• Founded by King Onjo , Son of Goguryeo Founder.• Allied with Goguryeo & Silla to take over the Korean

Peninsula

Founding History• Source : Samguk Sagi

– King Jumong Left Yuri in Buyeo to establish Goguryeo

– Later King Jumong had two more sons with So Seo-no : Onjo & Biryu

– Yuri Came back to Goguryeo, Jumong made him Crown Prince

– Seo-no took her two sons to the south to found their own kingdom

– Onjo Settled in Wiryeseong (Hanam) named his territory 십제 , Biryu settled in Michuhol (Incheon)

Expansion

• 249 BC : Expansions reached Gaya Confederacy.

• 367 BC : First Diplomatic missions to Japan

• Good relationships with Japanese rulers of the Kofun Period– Chinese writing system,

Buddhism, Advanced pottery, ceremonial burial

Source : Nihonshoki

Ungjin and Sabi Period

Ungjin• 475 – 538 BC : Capital at Ungjin

(Now Gong-ju)– Isolated in mountainous terrain– Secure against Goguryeo , but

disconnected from outsite world– Closer to Silla– Millitary Alliance between Silla +

Baekje against Goguryeo

• Notable historical places of Ungjin Baekje are Gongsan Fortress and Tomb of King Muryeong.

Sabi• In 538BC King Seong moved

capital to Sabi (Buyeo county)

• Official name : Nambuyeo• Because of Capital strategic

location : King Seong easily contacted with China which resulted trade & diplomacy flourished

Relationship With China

• 372BC : King Geunchogo paid tributes to Jin Dynasty

• 420BC : Baekje sent envoys seeking cultural goods & Technologies

• 472BC : King Gaero request military aid to Attack Goguryeo

• King Muryeong & Seong sent envoys to Liang Dynasty & received titles of Nobility– Tomb of King Muryeong

was built with bricks according to Liang’s tomb style

Relationship with Japan

• Japan became ally with Baekje to Defeat Silla dynasty

• King Muryeong(25th King of Baekje) was born in Japan

• When Baekje was defeated, Some noble families & royals emmigrated to Japan.

Battle of Hwangsanbeol

• In 600s, Baekje battled with Goguryeo and Silla over territorial claims.

• Lost to Silla, Formed alliance with Goguryeo + Japan Attack Silla– This Made Silla alliance with Tang Dynasty and

send 50k force to attack Baekje• King Ujja ignored advise to prepare attack– When already near Tanhyeon & Baekgang Sent

General Gyebaek to Stop.

Battle of Hwangsanbeol

G

S

B

J

T

130,000 ( Geum River) + 50,000 (Kim-Yu Shin) Vs 5000

Losing Han River Area Made Alliances

Send GyeBaek When Already Near Tanhyeon & Baekgang

Silla sent Full-Attack Forces when two HWARANG ( 반굴 & 관창 ) died in the battle

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8YcT3JjoKI

RESULT?

The Last Great Commander : GyeBaek

– It’s suggested that he was born in Buyeo County

– Stories passed down to today’s generation about his power • Ex : When he climbed a mountain ( 청둥산 ),

Pine Tree Fell ; When he stepped on a rock, his foot steps mark were left on that rock.

– He Killed his Own Family!

KINGS OF BAEKJE DYNASTY

King Onjo• Founder of Baekje Dynasty• Named Wiryeseong : 십재• Fight with Biryu for

Territorial disagreement• Change Kingdom name into

백제

King Muryeong• 25th King of Baekje• Expanded International relation

with China & Japan• First mission to the newly-

established court of the Liang Dynasty.

• Japan’s Emperor Akihito, Claimed to have Blood-relationship with King Muryeong

• His tomb was built based on Liang Dynasty design

King Uija (의자 )• The last King of Baekje

Dynasty• Her mother was Princess of

Silla named Princess Seon-Hwa.

• After defeated, He retreated to Ungjin

• Later surrendered.– Two sons : Buyeo Hyo and

Buyeo Pung

Restoration Movement

• After defeated : King Uija and son Buyeo Yung was sent to China

• Some rulling class fled to Japan

• Buddhist monk ( 도침 ) + Former Baekje General Buyeo Boksin try to revive Baekje

• They welcomed prince Buyeo Yung as King and Juryu as Headquarter.

• Rebellation against Tang army and won

• Requested Japanese aid, and returned with 5000 soldiers.

• In 662 : Japan sent 27000 soldiers under general Kamitsukeno and 10000soldiers by General Iohara.

• In 663 Japan sent 20000troops and 1000ships under General Abe no Hirafu

• In 663 BC : Baekje new Forces confronted with Silla (Battle of Baekgang) + Tang dynasty

• They once again lost the battle

LegacyBaekje relics are often symbol those who lived in Chungnam and Jeolla province.

Incense-Burner : Buyeo County

Youtube

•symbol of the artistry of the Baekje people and a masterpiece of Korean art• Probably made around 6th Century• 64 centimeters in height, the body is 19 centimeters in diameter, and it weighs 11.8 kilograms• Might have been used for ancestral ceremonies.

Tomb of King Muryeong•It is the resting place for Baekje's 25th King Mu-Ryeong and his Queen,•108 kinds of artifacts found inside, totaling 2,906 items altogether. 12 of which is designated as National Treasure put in Gongju National Museum

Gong-san Fortress•1500years old fortress near Geumgang River•Previously named Unjin-seong •was used by King Munjuwang (reigned 475-477 A.D.) as the Baekje capital•In 538A.D capital moved to Sabi

KINGDOM OF SRIWIJAYA(ศรี�วิ�ชั�ย)

General Information• 671 A.D ~ 1100 A.D• Sri = Shining / Glorious ;Wijaya = Victory• According to I-Tsing, from Kedukan Bukit Relics, Sriwijaya

Empire existed since 671 under Dapunta Hyang.• Language : Old-Melayu, Sanskrit• Religion : Buddha Vajrayana, Buddha Mahayana,

Buddha Hinayana, Hindu• Was famous for its role in Trade in South East Asia

(Especially between India and Tiongkok)• Trade pact with Arabian empires :

– Sri Indrawarman send his messenger to Bani Umayyah in 718. In return they send back ‘Zanji’

Territory

Legacy

• Bahasa Melayu was widely used because of Sriwijaya expansions

• Gending Sriwijaya Dance, to portray the hospitality of people at that time.

감사합니다