Japan, Pearl Harbor and War

Section 1

Japanese ambitions in the Pacific• With the fall of France

and Britain under siege, colonies in Pacific are unprotected.

• July, 1941: Japan takes over French

bases in Indochina (today Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)… threatens move on Dutch East Indies

• need oil, rubber, tin

U.S Reaction to Japanese Aggression

• FDR orders freeze of Japanese assets in the U.S.

• Places embargo on sales of scrap steel and aviation fuel to Japan

• Japan must have oil to fuel its war machine

• Japan threatens to seize oil fields in Dutch East Indies– This would mean war

U.S. breaks Japanese secret communications code

Learns that Japan is preparing for a strike- Did not know from where attack would

occur

Peace talks fail- Dec. 6th: Japan rejects U.S Sec. Of State

Cordell Hull’s proposal to release Japanese assets in return for Japan’s withdrawal from China and French Indochina…

Japan Attacks the United States

Pearl Harbor: Home of the U.S. Pacific FleetPearl Harbor: Home of the U.S. Pacific Fleet

Japanese planes prepare to take off for the Pearl Harbor attack

Torpedo exploding into USS West Virginia, as seen from Japanese plane

USS Utah took a torpedo hit and capsized early in the battle…the wreck remains at Pearl Harbor

U.S.S. Arizona

““A date that live in infamy…” A date that live in infamy…”

http://www.historyofwar.org/Pictures/PearlHarbor04.jpg

• American casualties: 2403 killed, 1,178 wounded

• 21 ships; 300 aircraft damaged or destroyed

US Enters the WarUS Enters the War

• December 8, 1941 December 8, 1941 US declares war on US declares war on JapanJapan

• December 11, 1941 December 11, 1941 Germany declares Germany declares war on the United war on the United States States

http://dase.laits.utexas.edu/media/american_politics_collection/viewitem/000117156_400.jpg

FDR

Americans join war effort

Demand for GI’s

• 5 million volunteered

• 10 million drafted

• Labor shortage at home 6 million women join

labor force2 million minorities hired

Industrial response

• Automobile plants were converted to build tanks, armored vehicles, etc.

• Factories across nation convert to war production

• Shipbuilder Henry J Kaiser– Liberty ships could be built in 2 weeks– 2,700 would be built during the war

The American HomefrontThe American Homefront

• The United States gov’t The United States gov’t stirs patriotic feelings stirs patriotic feelings

• Movies are used to build Movies are used to build moralemorale

• Propaganda is used to Propaganda is used to keep war effort goingkeep war effort going

Education for DeathRacist Propaganda cartoon

• civilians rationed civilians rationed goods/supplies and goods/supplies and started Victory Gardensstarted Victory Gardens

http://www.ethicurean.com/wp-content/uploads/image/plant-victory-garden.jpg

Continued War EffortContinued War Effort

http://www.teacheroz.com/images/homes.gifhttp://z.about.com/d/politicalhumor/1/0/R/O/propaganda_quiet.jpg

http://www.usmm.org/p/looselips.jpghttp://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/Hist427/1940sphotos/posters/ridewithhitler.jpg

Women Enter the WorkforceWomen Enter the Workforce

http://www.edupics.com/en-coloring-pictures-pages-photo-rosie-the-riveter-p7219.jpghttp://www.rosietheriveterphotos.com/images/

070705172615_Woman_Working_a_War_Job_LG.jpg

Japanese Americans Interned Japanese Americans Interned

• Many Americans Many Americans distrusted Japanese –distrusted Japanese –Americans Americans (Nisei)(Nisei)

• Thousands of Thousands of Japanese -Americans Japanese -Americans were forced into were forced into Internment Camps in Internment Camps in the Midwest the Midwest throughout WWIIthroughout WWII

http://www.library.wwu.edu/ref/images/japanese-evacuation.jpg

http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/imagefolder/japaneseinternment.jpg

Internment CampInternment Camp

http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/wwcod/image8-2.gif

http://education.eastwestcenter.org/asiapacificed/ph2006/PH2006projects/7_clip_image001.jpg

End of Sec. 1 Notes

• HW: read Sec 1 of Required Reading and do the worksheet….

• You can find both of these docs on my Web page