Pearl Harbor and the American Response

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

December 7, 1941December 7, 1941 U.S. Naval base in U.S. Naval base in

HawaiiHawaii Japan, under the rule Japan, under the rule

of Hideki Tojo (prime of Hideki Tojo (prime minister and minister and General), launched a General), launched a surprise attacksurprise attack

ResultResult

U.S. lost:U.S. lost: Two U.S. Navy Two U.S. Navy

battleshipsbattleships• USS ArizonaUSS Arizona• USS UtahUSS Utah

One minelayerOne minelayer Two DestroyersTwo Destroyers 188 Airplanes188 Airplanes 2,388 soldiers (half 2,388 soldiers (half

were aboard the USS were aboard the USS Arizona)Arizona)

Japan lost:Japan lost: 29 Airplanes29 Airplanes 5 Midget Submarines5 Midget Submarines 65 men65 men

U.S.S. West Virginia

U.S.S. California

USS Utah

U.S.S. Arizona

U.S.S. Arizona

U.S.S. Arizona

U.S.S. Arizona Memorial

Why?Why?

Rising tensions between the U.S. and Rising tensions between the U.S. and Japan throughout the 20s and 30sJapan throughout the 20s and 30s Both were expanding in the PacificBoth were expanding in the Pacific

The attack on Pearl Harbor was Japan’s The attack on Pearl Harbor was Japan’s attempt to cut the U.S. off from aiding attempt to cut the U.S. off from aiding Great Britain (who was fighting Germany, Great Britain (who was fighting Germany, Japan’s ally) and eliminate the threat in Japan’s ally) and eliminate the threat in the Pacific oceanthe Pacific ocean

Wait a minute… This sounds familiar…

OutcomeOutcome

Before Pearl Harbor the U.S. practiced Before Pearl Harbor the U.S. practiced isolationismisolationism Lend-Lease Act: Lend-Lease Act: Aided the allies with more Aided the allies with more

than 50 billion dollars worth of goodsthan 50 billion dollars worth of goods Refused to go to war because of thousands of Refused to go to war because of thousands of

German AmericansGerman Americans December 8, 1941: The U.S. declared war December 8, 1941: The U.S. declared war

on Japanon Japan

The End of the Great DepressionThe End of the Great Depression

War Production War Production BoardBoard: The creation : The creation of military equipment of military equipment created thousands of created thousands of new jobsnew jobs More jobs for African More jobs for African

Americans, Mexican Americans, Mexican Americans, and Americans, and womenwomen

Rosie the Riveter became the symbol of the working woman

Fighting JapanFighting Japan

Japan conquered Hong Kong, Thailand, Japan conquered Hong Kong, Thailand, Guam, Wake, and the PhilippinesGuam, Wake, and the Philippines KamikazeKamikaze: Japanese suicide pilots who would : Japanese suicide pilots who would

fly their planes into American targets fly their planes into American targets

The Battle of MidwayThe Battle of Midway

The Battle of MidwayThe Battle of Midway The Japanese attempted to surprise attack The Japanese attempted to surprise attack

MidwayMidway The U.S. learned of the attack (broke their The U.S. learned of the attack (broke their

code) and brought in reinforcementscode) and brought in reinforcements This U.S. victory became the turning point of This U.S. victory became the turning point of

the war against Japanthe war against Japan Now on the offensive, the U.S. began Now on the offensive, the U.S. began

island hoppingisland hopping in the Pacific in the Pacific

An American island usedas a refueling station

This means “on the attack”

Iwo JimaIwo Jima

The U.S. attacked JapanThe U.S. attacked Japan Japanese hid in underground Japanese hid in underground

tunnelstunnels More than 120,000 More than 120,000

Japanese soldiers were Japanese soldiers were killed in the battlekilled in the battle

Japanese who survivedJapanese who survivedcommitted suicidecommitted suicide

Americans could useAmericans could usethe islands to attack Japanthe islands to attack Japan

The island was practically a wasteland, so why try to capture it?

When the U.S. first arrived, the island appeared abandoned,and the United Statesdeclared it as their own

The Japanese used hidden mines to disable American tanks

The Japanese were hiding in an elaborate system of tunnelsdug into the hillside, waiting for the right momentto strike

OkinawaOkinawa Americans attacked the JapaneseAmericans attacked the Japanese The bloodiest World War II battle in the The bloodiest World War II battle in the

PacificPacific Both sides lost thousands of menBoth sides lost thousands of men

American: More 12,000 killedAmerican: More 12,000 killed Japanese: More than 130,000 killedJapanese: More than 130,000 killed

“In many cases, hand grenades, which were in extreme shortage, were distributed to residents. I heard people say they were told by the military to commit suicide using the grenades rather than becoming captives."

Japanese underground headquarters

Burning out the Japanese

The End of the War in the PacificThe End of the War in the Pacific

Japan refused to surrenderJapan refused to surrender The Manhattan Project: The Manhattan Project: Top secret Top secret

program led by Robert Oppenheimer to program led by Robert Oppenheimer to build an atomic bombbuild an atomic bomb

The bombings of Hiroshima and NagasakiThe bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Harry Truman—who had taken over for the Harry Truman—who had taken over for the

deceased F.D.R.—decided to use the bombsdeceased F.D.R.—decided to use the bombs Killed more than 175,000 civiliansKilled more than 175,000 civilians Forced Japan to surrenderForced Japan to surrender

Vowed to fight until every Japanese man, woman, and child was dead

Little BoyLittle Boy

Fat ManFat Man

““My God, what have we done?” – the co-My God, what have we done?” – the co-pilot of the pilot of the Enola GayEnola Gay, the bomber that , the bomber that dropped the “Little Boy” on Hiroshimadropped the “Little Boy” on Hiroshima

Warning: Look away if you’re easily Warning: Look away if you’re easily disturbed.disturbed.

http://www.rcc.co.jp/peace/ram/hara-e.ram http://www.rcc.co.jp/peace/ram/miyagawa-

e.ram