january 2010 slide 1 -...

January 2010 Slide 1

January 2010

ISDBISDB--T T SignalSignal AnalysisAnalysis

Cell MasterCell Master™™ MT8212/3EMT8212/3ECompact Handheld Base Station AnalyserCompact Handheld Base Station Analyser

Spectrum MasterSpectrum Master™™ MS2712/3EMS2712/3ESpectrum AnalyserSpectrum Analyser


What are measurement items required?What are measurement items required?

*The following are useful measurement items.*The following are useful measurement items.

Frequency ResponseFrequency Response

Multipath Profile(Delay Profile)Multipath Profile(Delay Profile)

Spectrum Mask Spectrum Mask

SpuriousSpurious

Carrier Frequency OffsetCarrier Frequency Offset

FFT Frequency OffsetFFT Frequency Offset

Phase noise (for Continuous Wave)Phase noise (for Continuous Wave)

Spectrum Monitor (Spectrum Analyzer)Spectrum Monitor (Spectrum Analyzer)

Tra

nsm

itter

Tra

nsm

itter

Fie

ldFie

ld

Gap

Fille

rG

ap

Fille

r

Sub Carrier MER GraphSub Carrier MER Graph

Constellation DiagramConstellation Diagram

MERMER

BERBER

Rece

iver

Rece

iver

Rep

eate

rR

ep

eate

r

Measurement itemsMeasurement items

Signal Power (Field Strength)Signal Power (Field Strength)

Recommended


Broadcaster and/or Vendor needs the T&M equipment in several phases.

Product ManufacturingInstallationOperation and maintenanceField Check

In each case, it is needed to check different parameters.<Example>

•Transmitter : MER for high signal quality ( e.g. 45dB< )•Maintenance : Accurate measurement (Frequency Offset etc)•Trouble shooting : Constellation, Sub carrier MER etc.•Field Check : Multipath Profile etc.

Broadcaster and/or Vendor needs the T&M equipment in several phases.

Product ManufacturingInstallationOperation and maintenanceField Check

In each case, it is needed to check different parameters.<Example>

•Transmitter : MER for high signal quality ( e.g. 45dB< )•Maintenance : Accurate measurement (Frequency Offset etc)•Trouble shooting : Constellation, Sub carrier MER etc.•Field Check : Multipath Profile etc.

Why do we need T&M equipments?Why do we need T&M equipments?


ISDBISDB--T Signal AnalysisT Signal Analysis

RF QualityRF Quality

RF MeasurementsRF Measurements

Modulation QualityModulation Quality

Modulation MeasurementsModulation Measurements

Delay ProfileDelay Profile

Delay MeasurementsDelay Measurements

Multiple Measurement ModesMultiple Measurement Modes

Custom, Easy, BatchCustom, Easy, Batch

Single Frequency Network (SFN)Single Frequency Network (SFN)

Extended Delay ProfileExtended Delay Profile

InIn--band Spectrum Measurementband Spectrum Measurement

MS2712E Spectrum MasterMS2712E Spectrum Master


ISDBISDB--T RF QualityT RF Quality

Signal PowerSignal Power

Channel Power (Channel Power (dBmdBm))

Termination Voltage (dBTermination Voltage (dBμμV)V)

Open Terminal Voltage (dBOpen Terminal Voltage (dBμμVemfVemf))

Field Strength (dBField Strength (dBμμV/m)V/m)

11--seg and Fullseg and Full--segseg MeasurementsMeasurements

Spectrum MonitorSpectrum Monitor

1 Channel to 51 Channel View1 Channel to 51 Channel View

Channel Selection with MarkerChannel Selection with Marker

Channel Power and Peak PowerChannel Power and Peak Power

Signal Power MeasurementSignal Power Measurement

Spectrum MonitorSpectrum Monitor



Spectrum MaskSpectrum Mask

ARIB (Japan)ARIB (Japan)Mask Standard AMask Standard A

Mask Standard BMask Standard B

Antenna Power CompensationAntenna Power Compensation

ABNT (Brazil)ABNT (Brazil)Mask CriticalMask Critical

Mask SubMask Sub--criticalcritical

Mask NonMask Non--criticalcritical

TxTx BPF CompensationBPF Compensation

ARIB Mask A MeasurementARIB Mask A Measurement

ABNT Mask Critical MeasurementABNT Mask Critical Measurement



Phase NoisePhase Noise

Fixed Offset MeasurementsFixed Offset Measurements1, 2, 4, 10, 100 kHz1, 2, 4, 10, 100 kHz

Arbitrary Offset with MarkerArbitrary Offset with Marker

Integrated MeasurementIntegrated Measurement100 Hz to 6 MHz Standard100 Hz to 6 MHz Standard

Arbitrary Range with MarkerArbitrary Range with Marker

Spurious EmissionsSpurious Emissions

Records 5 Largest SpuriousRecords 5 Largest SpuriousdBmdBm and and dBcdBc

HPF Loss CompensationHPF Loss Compensation

Phase Noise with Integration MarkerPhase Noise with Integration Marker

Spurious Emissions MeasurementSpurious Emissions Measurement


ISDBISDB--T RF Quality IssuesT RF Quality Issues

Transmitter Power AdjustmentTransmitter Power Adjustment

Interference CheckingInterference Checking

EgEg Adjacent Analogue Signals Adjacent Analogue Signals

Field Strength MonitoringField Strength Monitoring

Receive Antenna AlignmentReceive Antenna Alignment

Transmitter Conformance TestingTransmitter Conformance Testing

Direct Direct TxTx ConnectionConnection

TxTx PowerPower

Spectrum MaskSpectrum Mask


Spurious EmissionsSpurious Emissions

OverOver--thethe--air (OTA)air (OTA)

InterferenceInterference

Field StrengthField Strength

Antenna Alignment Antenna Alignment

ConsequencesConsequences

Interference with Adjacent ChannelsInterference with Adjacent Channels

Interference from Adjacent ChannelsInterference from Adjacent Channels

Intermittent Reception (Block Noise)Intermittent Reception (Block Noise)

No ReceptionNo Reception

Common FaultsCommon Faults

TxTx Filter Filter

Power AmplifierPower Amplifier

Mast and Antenna Mast and Antenna

RF QualityRF Quality


How to find errorsHow to find errors

Analog Signal

ISDB-T/ISDB-TB (SBTVD)

Mixing

If both analog signal and digital signal exist simultaneously, wIf both analog signal and digital signal exist simultaneously, we can not e can not often observe their both spectrums because of hiding under the ooften observe their both spectrums because of hiding under the other ther signal.signal.



Digital broadcast signals can be observed with a spectrum analyzDigital broadcast signals can be observed with a spectrum analyzer (SA), er (SA), but when there is a heavy interference, observation by using an but when there is a heavy interference, observation by using an SA is very SA is very difficult. In these circumstances, it is possible to find out thdifficult. In these circumstances, it is possible to find out the hidden ine hidden in--band interference over an ISDBband interference over an ISDB--T signal by analyzing each subcarrier.T signal by analyzing each subcarrier.

<Finding Analog Interference in ISDB-T Waveform>

<MX890120B Subcarrier MER Measurement Example>


<Waveform> <BER>

Video = OK, Waveform = OK, Level = OK, BER = OK

<Video>

But what about MER and Constellation?

Good Signal Quality Bad Signal Quality

Signal quality is unknown until analyzed!

Signal Analysis: Determining Signal Quality Signal Analysis: Determining Signal Quality


BER (Bit Error Rate) :BER is the ratio of the number of bits incorrectly to the total

number of bits

MER (Modulation Error Ratio) :MER can be used like SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)MER can be calculated with a figure. The sum of the squares of

the magnitudes of ideal symbol vectors is divided by the sum of the squares of the magnitudes of the symbol error vectors.

BER (Bit Error Rate) :BER is the ratio of the number of bits incorrectly to the total

number of bits

MER (Modulation Error Ratio) :MER can be used like SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)MER can be calculated with a figure. The sum of the squares of

the magnitudes of ideal symbol vectors is divided by the sum of the squares of the magnitudes of the symbol error vectors.

What is BER? What is MER?What is BER? What is MER?

Reference : ETSI TR 101 290

( )( ) dB

QIQI

MERjj

jj

⎪⎭

⎪⎬⎫

⎪⎩

⎪⎨⎧

+

+×=

∑∑

22

22

10log10δδ

( )QI δδ ,

( )QI ,

Constellation


What is the What is the ““QualityQuality”” of digital broadcasting?of digital broadcasting?

BER, MER deteriorating parameters

(For example, Large ← field level → Small

Good ← CN → Bad )

Bad

←M

ER

→G

ood

Does not depend on modulation

parameter↓

Evaluate using a fixed indicator

Large measurement coverage & easy to

see deterioration

Bad

←B

ER

→G

ood

Error free range Error occurring range This range is too narrow!

[Merits of measuring MER]•MER shows the signal deterioration even if BER can't detect errors(Error free range).→ Possible to maintain margin quality•MER is the same for any modulation used, so MER result is easily comparable toother MER results.


ISDBISDB--T Modulation QualityT Modulation Quality

Frequency and Frequency ErrorFrequency and Frequency Error

Constellation with ZoomConstellation with Zoom

Layer A, B, C and TMCCLayer A, B, C and TMCC

Modulation Error Ratio (MER)Modulation Error Ratio (MER)

Total, Layers A, B, C, TMCC, AC1Total, Layers A, B, C, TMCC, AC1

Modulation TypeModulation Type

Layers A, B, CLayers A, B, C

Automatic Parameter DetectionAutomatic Parameter Detection

Mode, GI, Modulation, LayersMode, GI, Modulation, Layers

SubSub--carrier MER with Markercarrier MER with Marker

Modulation with SubModulation with Sub--carrier MERcarrier MER

Modulation with All Layer ConstellationModulation with All Layer Constellation


Some ISDBSome ISDB--T Modulation Quality ScreensT Modulation Quality Screens

Constellation with ZoomConstellation with Zoom

Single Constellation DisplaySingle Constellation Display

Layer A, B, C, or TMCCLayer A, B, C, or TMCC

All Layer Constellation (not All Layer Constellation (not shown)shown)

4 quadrant display4 quadrant display

Layer A, B, C, and TMCCLayer A, B, C, and TMCC

Constellation w/ SubConstellation w/ Sub--carrier MERcarrier MER

Layer A and B ConstellationLayer A and B Constellation

Full band subFull band sub--carrier MERcarrier MERWith MarkerWith Marker

Constellation Zoom on Layer AConstellation Zoom on Layer A

Constellation View with SubConstellation View with Sub--carrier MERcarrier MER


ISDBISDB--T Modulation Quality IssuesT Modulation Quality Issues

MERMER

The ratio of errors in the The ratio of errors in the actual signal compared with a actual signal compared with a perfect signalperfect signal

Some correlation with C/N and Some correlation with C/N and EVMEVM

Direct Direct TxTx ConnectionConnection

MER >42 dB TypicalMER >42 dB Typical


MER >10 dBMER >10 dB

Consequences of Bad MERConsequences of Bad MER

Intermittent ReceptionIntermittent Reception



Distortion in ModulatorDistortion in Modulator

FFT Sampling Frequency ErrorFFT Sampling Frequency Error

Power Amplifier DistortionPower Amplifier Distortion

TX FilterTX Filter

Modulation Modulation -- Sampling Frequency ErrorSampling Frequency Error



This is the pattern when white noise is added to an OFDM waveform. The constellation is evenly diffused and we can conjecture that the cause of the degradation is white noise.

This indicates frequency drift (phase drift) due to loss of PLL, FFT sampling errors, and doppler shift.

This indicates variations in level due to fading and inadequate AGC.

What is found from Constellation?When the signal is normal, the analysis signal is centered on each cell. However, when the signal is abnormal, various odd phenomena occur.


ISDBISDB--T Modulation Quality T Modulation Quality –– SubSub--carrier MERcarrier MER

Direct Direct TxTx ConnectConnect

Carrier MER >42 dB TypicalCarrier MER >42 dB Typical


Identify Narrowband Identify Narrowband InterferenceInterference


If Interference Coincides with If Interference Coincides with Continual Pilot or TPS CarrierContinual Pilot or TPS Carrier

Degraded ReceptionDegraded Reception



Nearby TransmitterNearby Transmitter

External External IntermodulationIntermodulation

Carrier MERCarrier MER

Measures MER for each SubMeasures MER for each Sub--carriercarrier

Identifies Narrowband Identifies Narrowband InterferersInterferers

Modulation Quality Modulation Quality –– SubSub--carrier MERcarrier MER


ISDBISDB--T Modulation Quality T Modulation Quality –– The Anritsu AdvantageThe Anritsu Advantage

Most ISDBMost ISDB--T Analysers are Based on Demodulation ChipsetsT Analysers are Based on Demodulation Chipsets

Similar to TV ReceiversSimilar to TV Receivers

Equalise Received Signals to Remove Signal DegradationsEqualise Received Signals to Remove Signal Degradations

Unable to Detect Some FaultsUnable to Detect Some Faults

Anritsu Does NOT Use Demodulation ChipsetsAnritsu Does NOT Use Demodulation Chipsets

Able to See and Measure All FaultsAble to See and Measure All Faults

Fluctuating Signal AmplitudeFluctuating Signal Amplitude Fluctuating Signal FrequencyFluctuating Signal Frequency FFT Sampling Frequency Error CausingFFT Sampling Frequency Error CausingInaccurate BandwidthInaccurate Bandwidth



Flow Sample of Finding Errors with Constellation

BER/MERThreshold

Track(like circles)

Divergence(only a part)

Divergence(like clouds)

Track(like stars)

ConstellationCheck

Degradation

•Intermodulation•Level fall

MER(per Subcarrier)

•Failure of Gain control•Fading

•LO stability•Hum mixing•Fading

•Lock failureof FFT clock

•Inband inteference•Analog-Digitalinterference

MER(per Subcarrier)


ISDBISDB--T Delay ProfileT Delay ProfileDual DisplayDual Display

Full WidthFull Width

Zone Marker ZoomZone Marker Zoom

ColourColour Coded Delay RegionsCoded Delay Regions

Blue Blue –– PrePre-- Guard IntervalGuard Interval

Yellow Yellow –– Within Guard IntervalWithin Guard Interval

Purple Purple –– Beyond Guard IntervalBeyond Guard Interval

MarkerMarker

Relative LevelRelative Level

Time DelayTime Delay

Relative DistanceRelative Distance

Frequency Response TraceFrequency Response Trace

Marker and Delta MarkerMarker and Delta Marker

MER and Frequency Parameters ShownMER and Frequency Parameters Shown

Delay Profile MeasurementDelay Profile Measurement


ISDBISDB--T Delay Profile IssuesT Delay Profile Issues


< GI Interval< GI Interval


InterInter--symbol Interferencesymbol Interference

Increased MERIncreased MER

Increased BERIncreased BER

Poor ReceptionPoor Reception


Repeater Time Delay Faults Repeater Time Delay Faults

BuildingsBuildings

Mountains Mountains

Delay Profile MeasurementDelay Profile Measurement

Symbol 1GI Symbol 2GI



Desired SignalDesired Signal

MultiMulti--path Apath A

MultiMulti--path Bpath B

Interferer Echo SignalInterferer Echo Signal

63 63 μμss--1/161/16

126 126 μμss63 63 μμss1/81/8

252 252 μμss126 126 μμss1/41/4

Mode 3Mode 3Mode 2Mode 2LengthLength


Multiple Measurement ModesMultiple Measurement Modes

““Custom” ModeCustom” Mode

User Specifies all Setup Parameters and MeasurementsUser Specifies all Setup Parameters and Measurements

Most FlexibleMost Flexible

“Easy” Mode“Easy” Mode

User Specifies MeasurementsUser Specifies Measurements

Most Setup Parameters Automatically SetMost Setup Parameters Automatically Set

Reduces Possible User ErrorReduces Possible User Error

“Batch” Mode“Batch” Mode

User specifies measurements and channels for automatic measurement, display of results and storage

Field Strength, Channel Power, Modulation Analysis, Spectrum Mask and Spectrum Monitor Can be User Selected


ISDBISDB--T Single Frequency Networks (SFN) T Single Frequency Networks (SFN)

SFN Impulse Response MeasurementSFN Impulse Response Measurement

Dual DisplayDual Display

Full Screen (Full Screen (±±1008 1008 μμs s –– 6 MHz BW)6 MHz BW)

»» No Aliasing!No Aliasing!

Zone Marker ZoomZone Marker Zoom

DelayDelay

Relative and Absolute Level Relative and Absolute Level

Field Strength with Antenna Field Strength with Antenna

CompensationCompensation

Power and Transfer Method Power and Transfer Method

Calculation Calculation

SFN InSFN In--band Spectrum Measurementband Spectrum Measurement

Frequency ResponseFrequency Response

Simultaneous Display of Impulse DataSimultaneous Display of Impulse Data

SFN Delay Profile MeasurementsSFN Delay Profile Measurements

SFN InSFN In--band Spectrum Measurementsband Spectrum Measurements


ISDBISDB--T SFN IssuesT SFN Issues


Significant Echoes <GISignificant Echoes <GI


InterInter--symbol Interferencesymbol Interference

Increased MERIncreased MER

Increased BERIncreased BER

Poor ReceptionPoor Reception


SFN SFN TxTx Timing Incorrectly SetTiming Incorrectly Set

SFN Repeater Timing Incorrectly SetSFN Repeater Timing Incorrectly Set

SFN Gap Filler Timing Incorrectly SetSFN Gap Filler Timing Incorrectly Set

Long Delay Echo from Building/Mountain Long Delay Echo from Building/Mountain

SFN Impulse Response MeasurementSFN Impulse Response Measurement

T1 T2

A B

““A” receives the signal from A” receives the signal from transmitter T1 as principal and transmitter T1 as principal and from T2 delayed and attenuatedfrom T2 delayed and attenuated

““B” receives signals from both B” receives signals from both transmitters T1 and T2 with no transmitters T1 and T2 with no differential delaydifferential delay


ISDBISDB--T Measurement AvailabilityT Measurement AvailabilityModelsModels

MS2712/3E, MT8212/3EMS2712/3E, MT8212/3E

Option 30 Signal AnalysisOption 30 Signal Analysis

Option 32 SFN AnalysisOption 32 SFN Analysis

100 kHz to 4/6 GHz SPA100 kHz to 4/6 GHz SPA

Large 8.4” Large 8.4” TouchscreenTouchscreen

3 USB Ports3 USB Ports

Additional Cable and Antenna Additional Cable and Antenna Measurements with Cell MasterMeasurements with Cell Master

Also S21 GainAlso S21 Gain

2 MHz to 4/6 GHz2 MHz to 4/6 GHz

All Other Signal Analysis Options All Other Signal Analysis Options Available AlsoAvailable Also

MS2712/3E Spectrum Master

MT8212/3E Cell Master


Key General SpecificationsKey General Specifications

Cable and Antenna Analyzer Cable and Antenna Analyzer (MT8212/3E)(MT8212/3E)

MeasurementsMeasurements

RL, VSWR, Cable Loss, DTF, PhaseRL, VSWR, Cable Loss, DTF, Phase

22--port Transmission Measurementport Transmission Measurement

Sweep SpeedSweep Speed

1 msec/data point1 msec/data point

Data PointsData Points

137, 275, 551, 1102, 2204137, 275, 551, 1102, 2204

DisplayDisplay

Dual Trace MeasurementsDual Trace Measurements

CalibrationCalibration

OSL, InstaCalOSL, InstaCal™™ and FlexCaland FlexCal™™

Bias TeeBias Tee

32 V internal 32 V internal

Spectrum Analyzer (MT8212/3E, Spectrum Analyzer (MT8212/3E, MS2712/3E)MS2712/3E)

Spectrum AnalyzerSpectrum Analyzer

Field Strength, Occupied B/W, Channel Field Strength, Occupied B/W, Channel Power, ACPR, C/IPower, ACPR, C/I

Interference AnalyzerInterference Analyzer

Spectrogram, Signal Strength, RSSI, Spectrogram, Signal Strength, RSSI, Signal IDSignal ID

Dynamic RangeDynamic Range

> 95 dB in 10 Hz RBW> 95 dB in 10 Hz RBW

DANLDANL

--152 dBm in 10 Hz RBW152 dBm in 10 Hz RBW


--100 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz offset100 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz offset

Frequency AccuracyFrequency Accuracy

<±50 ppb with GPS On<±50 ppb with GPS On


SummarySummary

ISDB-T Signal Analysis Functions

Spectrum Analyser

Compact: 273 x 199 x 91mm273 x 199 x 91mm

Lightweight: 3.45 kg3.45 kg

Large Colour Touchscreen (8.4”)

Upgrade with Many Cellular Standards

GSM, CDMA2000, WCDMA, LTE, etc

Antenna/Transmission Cable Measurement (MT8212/3E)

The MS2712/3E and MT8212/3E are the The MS2712/3E and MT8212/3E are the best performingbest performing ISDBISDB--T T field analysers based on a field analysers based on a handheld, battery operatedhandheld, battery operated spectrum spectrum analyser enabling analyser enabling highhigh--accuracyaccuracy ISDBISDB--T physicalT physical--layer layer measurementsmeasurements

January 2010

Muchas Gracias.Muchas Gracias.

Ing. Carlos José Ing. Carlos José RodriguezRodriguez

GciaGcia. . AreaArea Comercial ANRITSUComercial ANRITSU

[email protected]@multiradio.com.ar

011 4779011 4779--55295529

january 2010 slide 1 -...

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