James Madison

4th President of the United States

James Madison• James Madison born March 16,1751-

died June 28, 1836 - from Virginia.• Wife was Dolly Madison.• Founding Father of the U.S. • Known as Father of the U. S.

Constitution• Secretary of State under T. Jefferson• Marbury v. Madison – established

principle of Judicial Review• Supervised the Louisiana Purchase and

sponsored the Embargo Act.• 1st to ask Congress for Declaration of

War-June 18, 1812 – War of 1812

Election of 1808 Jefferson followed Washington's precedent,

feeling that two terms was enough for a President. Jefferson's hand-picked successor was James Madison. The Federalists once again ran Charles Pinckney as their candidate. The campaign was once again spirited with the Federalists bitterly attacking Madison for the Embargo Act. When the electors were selected however, it was clear that opposition to the Embargo Act was not as widespread as the Federalists had hoped and Madison easily defeated Pinckney.

James Madison 122 Electoral votesCharles Pinckney 47 Electoral votesGeorge Clinton 6 Electoral votes

James Madison Major EventsDomestic Events

• Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809)

• Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)

• 2nd Bank of the United States (1811)

• Admittance of two new states- Louisiana (1812) and Indiana (1816)

• Hartford Convention (1814)

Foreign Events• Macon’s Bill No. 2

(1810)• War of 1812 (1812-

1815)• Treaty of Ghent

Causes of the War of 1812• Freedom of the seas- France and

Great Britain continued to interfere with U.S. shipping.

• American resentment of Britain.• American belief that the Britain in

Canada were arming and encouraging the Native American resistance/attacks.

• American ambition to annex Canada and Florida. Territorial expansion v. maritime rights?

War of 1812 Phase 1• U.S. declares war on Great Britain

June 18, 1812• U.S. navy victories• 1813 British navy establish

blockades along American coast• Sept. 1813, Oliver Perry’s fleet

defeats British on Lake Erie• Oct. 1813, Gen. W.H. Harrison

defeats British @ Battle of Thames- Tecumseh death

War of 1812 Phase 2• In 1814, the war in Europe ends. Britain

focus attention on war in U.S.• 1814, the British invade the U.S. and

burn Washington, D.C., but fail to capture Baltimore

• 1814, the U.S. Navy defeat British on Lake Champlain

• On Dec 24, 1814 the Treaty of Ghent is signed in Paris officially ending the war.

• 1815, Andrew Jackson’s troops defeat British at the Battle of New Orleans. The battle made Jackson a national hero.

Battle Map

DetroitLake ErieLake ChamplainThames TippecanoeWashintonFt McHenryNew Orleans

Treaty of Ghent - 1814• Negotiated by John Quincy Adams,

Albert Gallatin, and Henry Clay.• Signed in Paris, France on December

24, 1814• Officially ended the war between the

U.S. and Great Britain. • Reestablished prewar boundaries-

didn’t settle the problems of neutrality, impressments, and boundaries between the two nations.

Legacy of the War of 1812

1. Growth of American Nationalism. -Star-Spangled Banner by F. S. Key

- Often referred to as the Second War for American Independence.

2. Strengthening of isolationism.3. Increase in westward migration.4. Encouragement of American

Industry.5. Disappearance of the Federalist

Party.