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Job Analysis & Design

(JAD)Chapter 1 & 2

Introduction

Methods of Job Analysis

Work-Oriented Methods

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Building Blocks of Job Analysis Methods

Kinds ofjob data collected

Methods ofgathering data

Sources of job information

Units ofanalysis-what gets analyzed, including

the level of detail

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Descriptors-Kinds of data collected Organizational philosophy and structure Licensing and other government-mandated requirement Responsibilities Professional standards

Job context Products and services Machines tools, equipment, work aids, and checklists Work performance indicators Personal job demands Elemental motions Workers activities Work activities Workers characteristic requirements Future changes

Critical incidents

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Methods of data collection Observing Interviewing individuals Group interviews

Technical conference Questionnaires Dairies Equipment based methods Reviewing records Reviewing literature Studying equipment design specifications Doing the work

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Sources of job analysis data The job analyst

The jobholders immediate supervisor

A high-level executive or manager

The jobholder

A technical expert such as a chemist or collegeprofessor

An organizational training specialist Clients or customers

Other organizational units

Written documents

Previous job analyses

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Units of analysis

Duties

Tasks

Activities Elemental motions

Job dimensions

Worker characteristics requirements Scales applied to units of work

Scales applied to worker characteristic requirements

Qualitative versus quantitative analysis

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Job analysis methods

Methods of job analysis

Work-oriented methods

Worker-oriented methods Hybrid methods

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Work Oriented Methods

Time and motion study

Functional job analysis (FJA) Department of labor (DOL) method

Fines FJA

Task Inventory

Comprehensive Occupational Data Analysis Program

Work Performance Survey System

Critical incident technique

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Primary Function of Work-Oriented method The primary function of work-oriented job

analysis method is to allow the job analyst to

understand what the worker does in the joband to document and communicate that

understanding.

The four methods differ from each other inachieving the above purpose.

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Time and Motion Study

Evolved from Industrial engineering not from Industrial psychology

Frederick TaylorBrick-layers and physically disabled

workers

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Mostly used in manufacturing and construction industries

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Time and Motion Study

Time Studydiscover the time taken to complete a given task/job Motion Studydiscover the sequence of steps in completing a task

Effectiveness and efficiency are improved through a deliberate

process designed as result of time and motion study.

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Time Study

Work sampling

Standard setting

Stopwatch time study

Predetermined time systems

Industry standard data

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Motion study

Graphs and Flowcharts

Micromotion analysis

Recording techniques

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Functional job analysis (FJA) Functional job analysis (FJA)

Department of labor (DOL) method

Fines FJA

U.S. department of labor DOL was tasked to match

people to the jobs

DOLapart from administrative functions informationconsidered necessary to match people and jobs were:

Description of work

Description of workers qualifications

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Initially each agency compiled information

based on their sources, created own job titles

having own meaning. Lack of common language failed the purpose

First in 1939 Dictionary of Occupational Titles

(DOT 1939) was published Later O*NET (Occupational information

Network) was developed and replaced DOT

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Job Description from DOT

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Fundamental Distinction of FJA

What gets done versus what the worker does

Jobsgoals aims, responsibilitiesbut whatsteps required to accomplish them?

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Worker Functions

FJA based on three aspects of work

Data

People Things

In FJA functions with in data, people, things are

arranged in hierarchy of complexity.

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Sample definitions of worker function

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FJA Job Analysis procedure

Job analyst gathers information

Books , periodicals etc

Flow charts, organizational charts Early job descriptions

From other agencies

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Describing the work

Worker functions (data, people, things)

Work fields

Methods verbs

Machines, tool, equipment and work aids

(MTEWA)

Materials, products, subject matter, andservices (MPSMS)

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FJA Grammar

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Structure of task statement

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Fines FJA

Additional scales

Work involvement

Reasoning development Mathematical development

Language development

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Task Inventories

Comprehensive occupational data program

CODAP

Work performance survey system WPSS

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