itc regional business roundtable, 1-4 december, vilnius a european approach to ecommerce...
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ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
A European Approachto eCommerce Standardization
Man-Sze Li
ChairChair
CEN/ISSS Electronic Commerce WorkshopCEN/ISSS Electronic Commerce Workshop
CEN/ISSS eBusiness Standards Focus GroupCEN/ISSS eBusiness Standards Focus [email protected]@icfocus.co.uk
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Agenda
• Context
• Overview of CEN/ISSS
• EU Policy Issues
• eCommerce/eBusiness: definitions & developments
• Outstanding Issues
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Some Milestones• 1969 - 1985 Basic Packet Net Research• 1974 - first Internet design published• 1983 - first major deployment • 1986 - first router companies• 1988 - first global EDI standard published• 1990 - first commercialization of the Internet; WWW invented • 1994 - Commercial WWW • 1995 - first large scale Grid experiment (I-Way);
Amazon.com• 1998 - Semantic Web was coined; e-Christmas• 1999 - XML & e-Business• 2000 - end of “irrational exuberance”• 2001 - Web Services• 2002 - death of the “new economy”?
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Onwards and upwards?
Time
Stockprice
New tech, New business, New co
Trigger Expectations
“Solveseverything”
“The new paradigm”
Disillusionment trough
Productivityplateau
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Towards Consolidation
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Initial commercialisation
Independent e-commerce ventures
Market segmentation & towards collaborative commerce
Convergence
Competition Complexity ROI
Time1995 2000 2005
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Remarks on Standards• Making market
– e.g. GSM, SSL, Web Services (?)
• Regulatory requirement– EC Directives: 87/95, New Approach
• Public interest issues– e.g. eSignature, eInvoicing, Network &
Information Security, Design for all
• Balance of stakeholder interests, especially SMEs & Consumers
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
What is CEN?What is CEN?
• The European Standards Committee (est. 1960s)• One of three European Standardization
Organizations (ESO)s, recognized by the European Union
• A non-profit association, whose members are national standards bodies (BSI, DIN, AFNOR, etc.)
• Creating the European single market, in partnership with:– CENELEC - electro-technical standards– ETSI - telecommunications standards
• The European Standards Committee (est. 1960s)• One of three European Standardization
Organizations (ESO)s, recognized by the European Union
• A non-profit association, whose members are national standards bodies (BSI, DIN, AFNOR, etc.)
• Creating the European single market, in partnership with:– CENELEC - electro-technical standards– ETSI - telecommunications standards
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Why CEN/ISSS?Why CEN/ISSS?
• The formal standards bodies are “slow and bureaucratic” to the ICT industry...
• In the ICT arena, we currently count over 350 informal “standards bodies”
• But these informal bodies do not always meet all the guarantees (openness, transparency, etc…).
• End-users do not know about them; the companies who participate cannot co-ordinate!
• European interests are often not taken into account
• The formal standards bodies are “slow and bureaucratic” to the ICT industry...
• In the ICT arena, we currently count over 350 informal “standards bodies”
• But these informal bodies do not always meet all the guarantees (openness, transparency, etc…).
• End-users do not know about them; the companies who participate cannot co-ordinate!
• European interests are often not taken into account
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
The CEN/ISSS solutionThe CEN/ISSS solution
• To deal with European specifics in an inclusive manner
• To do this in partnership at European level• To ensure a coherent approach vis-à-vis
the global consortia and ISO, IEC, ITU• To provide open consensus platforms to
meet market needs• To interface with the regulatory authorities
on issues of public interest
• To deal with European specifics in an inclusive manner
• To do this in partnership at European level• To ensure a coherent approach vis-à-vis
the global consortia and ISO, IEC, ITU• To provide open consensus platforms to
meet market needs• To interface with the regulatory authorities
on issues of public interest
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
A SnapshotA Snapshot
CEN/ISSS is the CEN focus on ICT:• 8 Technical Committees producing ENs• Since February 1998:
– 40 Workshops – 18 Workshops open – Over 49 CWAs in 128 parts published – 1500+ registered Workshop participants
(business and other interests)– Support for EU legislation (Focus Groups)– Value-added activities (R&D links, consortia
overview, etc.)
CEN/ISSS is the CEN focus on ICT:• 8 Technical Committees producing ENs• Since February 1998:
– 40 Workshops – 18 Workshops open – Over 49 CWAs in 128 parts published – 1500+ registered Workshop participants
(business and other interests)– Support for EU legislation (Focus Groups)– Value-added activities (R&D links, consortia
overview, etc.)
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
The Workshop ConceptThe Workshop Concept
• Open to all interested parties• A public process - Business Plans on web,
open for comment to all• Workshops funded by EU/industry - the
platform needs paying for!• CWAs approved by Workshop consensus,
published by CEN national members• Technical specifications, guidance material,
best practice, information documents
• Open to all interested parties• A public process - Business Plans on web,
open for comment to all• Workshops funded by EU/industry - the
platform needs paying for!• CWAs approved by Workshop consensus,
published by CEN national members• Technical specifications, guidance material,
best practice, information documents
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
CEN Workshop AgreementsCEN Workshop Agreements Represent the consensus of participants Not “formal standards”, but CWAs appear
in catalogues of CEN Member bodies May afterwards be taken further in
standards process in CEN or ISO Wide range of content - technical
specifications, guidance material, best practice, information documents
Some are available free on CEN web site (“eEurope CWAs”)
Represent the consensus of participants Not “formal standards”, but CWAs appear
in catalogues of CEN Member bodies May afterwards be taken further in
standards process in CEN or ISO Wide range of content - technical
specifications, guidance material, best practice, information documents
Some are available free on CEN web site (“eEurope CWAs”)
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Funding/Resourcing Funding/Resourcing • CEN/ISSS Secretariat
– CEN Members + EU/EFTA
• Workshop Secretariats – Usually a CEN Member provides Workshop Secretariat,
sometimes sub-contracts to others– CEN/ISSS handles two Workshop Secretariats– Funding from EU/EFTA or by participants– Greater industry contribution proposed
• Inputs to Workshop – Voluntary contributions– In some cases, EU/EFTA funding for Project Teams (paid
experts who produce rapid drafts)
• CEN/ISSS Secretariat– CEN Members + EU/EFTA
• Workshop Secretariats – Usually a CEN Member provides Workshop Secretariat,
sometimes sub-contracts to others– CEN/ISSS handles two Workshop Secretariats– Funding from EU/EFTA or by participants– Greater industry contribution proposed
• Inputs to Workshop – Voluntary contributions– In some cases, EU/EFTA funding for Project Teams (paid
experts who produce rapid drafts)
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
eCommerce/eBusiness area eCommerce/eBusiness area
• Electronic Commerce Workshop (WS/EC)• European Board for e-business
standardization (WS/eBES)• Sector Workshops:
– Sanitaryware, hospital procurement, furniture industry, footwear, retail classification, textiles/clothing, multilingual eCatalgoues
• eBusiness Standards Focus Group• eInvoicing Focus Group
• Electronic Commerce Workshop (WS/EC)• European Board for e-business
standardization (WS/eBES)• Sector Workshops:
– Sanitaryware, hospital procurement, furniture industry, footwear, retail classification, textiles/clothing, multilingual eCatalgoues
• eBusiness Standards Focus Group• eInvoicing Focus Group
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
WS/EC: [email protected] United Kingdom, ABN AMRO The Netherlands, AIDIMA Spain, ANGAISA Italy, Association GOSET France, Austriapro/Austrian Federal Economic Chamber, BTexact Technologies United Kingdom, BTopenworld United Kingdom, Chamber of Commerce & Industry of Romania & Bucharest (e-Commerce Romanian Association, CID/NADA KTH - The Royal Institute of Technology Sweden, BELGACOM Belgium, COFACE France, CommerceWorks SA Belgium, CompTIA Belgium, Cyscom Ltd United Kingdom, Data Comms & EDI Consult Germany, EAN International Belgium, ECBS - European Committee for Banking Standards Belgium, Echelon Consulting United Kingdom, e-comtrust Switzerland, ECP.NL The Netherlands, Ediforum Italia Italy, EDIRA Association Switzerland, Effedue Consulting Italy, Edifrance France, Effedue Consulting Srl Italy, Effort Information Technology The Netherlands, Elma Electronic Trading Finland, EPL Software Ltd United Kingdom, ErgoSolutions Norway, Ericsson Business Consulting Sweden, Estonian Informatics Centre Estonia, ETIS Belgium, Exponent Consulting DA Norway, Fingrid System Oy Finland, Fraunhofer IAO Germany, FutureTV Ltd United Kingdom, GTW Associates United States, Heinz Nixdorf Institute Germany, IBM France, IC Focus United Kingdom, ICEPRO Iceland, Independent - Nap van Zuuren Belgium, InfoStream ASA Norway, Infoterm Austria, IT Consult A/S Norway, myview technologies GmbH & Co.KG Germany, Norsk EDIPRO Norway, Posten SDS AS Norway, P&O Nedlloyd BV The Netherlands, RWE Com GmbH & Co Ohg Germany, Saphor GmbH Germany, SIEMENS AG Germany, Standards of Electronic Information Interchange Russia, Sun Microsystems France, TERMNET Austria, The SGML Centre United Kingdom, TIE Holding NV The Netherlands, TIEKE - Finnish Information Society Development Centre Finland, Total-Trust.com United Kingdom, UIC/EDIFER Belgium, UNINOVA Portugal, Unisoft SA Greece, Universität Klagenfurt - IWAS - Austria, University of Stuttgart IAT Germany, VINTURA Belgium, WebGiro AB Sweden
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
EU Directives/Regulations• The .eu Registry (2002)• Statute for “European Companies” (2001)• VAT invoicing - include electronic invoicing (2001)• Copyrights & related rights (2001)• Standard forms for public procurement contract notices (2001)• E-money and Electronic Money Institutes (2000)• E-commerce (2000)• Electronic signatures (1999)• Transparency mechanisms for Information Society services (1998)• Information Society services definition and provisioning (1998)• Personal data and protection of privacy (1997)• Consumer protection in respect of distant contracts (1997)• Legal protection of databases (1996) • [Commission Recommendation on use of EDI (1994)] • Legal protection of computer programs (1991)
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Examples of challenges
• Widening of markets • Facilitating cooperation between innovative firms• Weighing efficiency gains of mergers v anti-
competitive effects• Assessing how market dynamics affect market
structure: permanent challenge• Encouraging new ways of service production &
delivery• Correcting market failures whilst reducing State aid
volumes
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Productivity Growth: underlying forces
• R&D, innovation (FP6 IST)• ICT takeup (Enterprise initiatives)
– diffusion– reorganization– networking
• Skills, human capital (various)• Liberalisation & competition (Internal
Market, Competition)
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
eEurope 2005 priorities
• To promote attractive content, services and applications
• To provide interactive public services online
• To achieve digital inclusiveness
• To promote broadband Internet access
• To ensure trust and confidence in cyberspace
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
eEurope 2005: challenges
• eGovernment
• eBusiness
• eHealth
• eLearning
• Broadband/IPv6
• Security
• Benchmarking & Good Practices
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
eEurope: Dynamic eBusiness Environment
• Review relevant legislation - ebusiness summit in 2003
• SMEs: creation of a European ebusiness opportunities network
• eSkills: supply/demand analysis• Interoperability: transactions, security, signatures,
procurement & payment• Trust & confidence: legal issues & dispute resolution• .eu domain name & .eu company: trusted cyber
identity
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
BuyerProducer
value
productsservices
e-Commerce Exchange
MediationSeller
Consumer
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Business Processes
MaintenanceMarketing Payment FulfillmentOrdering
AttractEyeballs
Integrated Transaction Delivery (that arrives)
Long TermPotentially
Open ended
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Value Model 1: The Actors
Covisint
Priceline
E-formsDriving licence
eBayQXL
AmazonDell
One-stopservices
Personal Tax
VAT
B C A
B
C
A
x x xX
x
x
x
X
x
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Portfolio &Watchlist
Sponsorship Commitment
ImpressionsClick-throughs
Trading
News &Current Affairs
Gifts & LuxuryGoods
Technology
Value Model 2: Be there and they will come
Travel &Entertainment
Food & DrinksElectronics
Shopping
Leisure
Banking
Stock Quotes
Research
Personal Finance
Content Advertising
Financial
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Supplier
Supplier
Supplier
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
HorizontalExchange
Supplier
Supplier
Supplier
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
VerticalExchange
SupplierBuyer
Portal
Hub
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Market fragmentation
Product/Process complexity
Value Model 3: Business Models
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Value Model 4: Profit & Loss
Corporate infrastructure
Technology platform
Partnerships
Revenues
Value
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Value Model 5: eGovernment
Citizens asStakeholder
Citizens asCustomer
RepresentativesAdministration
Accountable to €
Vote Services
eDemocracy eAdministration
Government
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Catalogue Ordering Invoicing Payment Tax CurrencySchedu
lingMaintenance
DespatchGoods
ReceiptsGoodsReturn
Tracking Status Billing ReportingAuthenti
cationCertifica
tionVerfica
tionProces
singAccoun
ting
Supplierapp 1
Supplierapp 2
Supplierapp X
Customerapp 1
Customerapp 2
Customerapp X
Supplierprofiling
Customerprofiling
ContentMgt
CRM
Management
PlatformModule 2
PlatformModule 3
PlatformModule 4
PlatformModule X
Middleware
PlatformModule 1
Internet Mobile Interactive TV
Interface
What is happening ...
BusinessBusiness RelationshipsRelationships
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Applications /Services
Middleware / Basic Services
Networks
Basic infrastructure /network providers
System /platform providers
Application developers
Integrators
Content developers
The ICT Supply Market
Intermediaries /service providers
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Adding Value to e-Services
Access &Management
Content
Services
Infrastructure
Value Value
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Interoperability
• Standards or “standards-based” protocols• “Basic” suite of software tools• “Stable” system architecture• “Common” technical framework • “Core” set of services • “Interoperating” applications• “Complementary” products • “Shared” business processes• A “generic” framework to conduct business
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Views
Market Core Focus, Dynamic
Relationships
Business Processes, Applications
Functional Building Blocks
Technology Hardware, Software,IT Services
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Everything on IP
IP on Everything
Beyond IP...
Everything on IP
IP on Everything
Source: Vint Cerf
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Standards & Specifications
EDIFACT, open-edi STEP, SGML, ODA ODP, HyTime
X.400, X.403, X.500, X.509, X.xx
FTAM, TP
H.320 family
OSI Transport X.25
X.12, ODETTE, VDA, Spec 2000, Spec 2000M Dublin Core, PICS, P3P, xxML Z39.50, CBL, UML, HTML/HTTP
XML family, XML/EDI, EDI-INT COM, DCOM, ActiveX, DOM, Java family, CORBA, IIOP
SMTP, MIME, PEG, PEM, MOSS, IPSec, White/Yellow Pages FTP, LU6.2, MQ RTP, IRC
TCP
IPv4, IPv6, IPv?
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
e-Commerce Architectures CEN/ISSS Electronic Commerce Workshop Final Draft CWA 14228:2002 Summaries of some Frameworks, Architectures and Models for Electronic Commerce
Conceptual Frameworks: REA Meta model, UMM General Frameworks: Biztalk Framework, Building Blocks, ebXML Technical Architecture, FIPA, eCo Framework Specification, IMPRIMATUR Business Model, STEP, Java EC Framework, J2EE Framework, MPEG-21, OMG eCommerce Domain Specifications, Open-edi Reference Model (ISO 14662), SPIRIT, TOGAF Trading Models: Ad Hoc Functional and Process Models, Global Commerce Initiative & Protocol, cXL, Internet Open Trading Protocol (IOTP), Open Applications Group XML Framework, Open Buying on the Internet (OBI), OBI Express, RosettaNet, Secure Electronic Market Place for Europe (SEMPER) Payment Models: Electronic Payment Technologies, Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) TC 224 Report on 'Card-related secure commercial and financial transactions Security Models: eEurope Smart Card Charter’s Global Interoperability Framework, PKIX Mobile commerce Models: MeT Web Services Architectures
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Three Technical Approaches
• An overarching solution: whose?
• Building interfaces: but Nx(N-1)
• Federation - sharing of a common core: but management, coordination and orchestration issues
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Theory & Practice
InteroperabilityRequirements
Theory Products Integration
Systems/Platforms
Yes No Not easy
Infrastructures(across S/Ps)
Emerging:focus on
publishing
Beyondpublishing - No
Not proven
AccessingInterfaces
(across S/Ps &Infrastructures)
Seminal No No
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
A Business Driven Approach to Interoperability
• Translating needs into demand
• Converting invention/good ideas into innovation
• Understand the limits of technologies and invest in them wisely
• Partnerships - based on synergy
• Do what you are good at
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Web Services: What is being promised ...
Businesscore mission
Technology
WS
WS
WS
WS
WS
Partner
Partner
Partner
Partner
Partner
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Web Services
• A definition: software objects that can be assembled over the Internet using standard protocols to perform functions or execute business processes
• Key themes: – on the fly service creation– loosely coupled, reusable software components– delivering “products” as “services”– business models
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Web Servicesbenefits for business
• Ease of aligning technology with business processes
• Cost savings stemming from reduction in process cycles
• Reduction in integration efforts from elimination of bespoke systems
Source: Internet World/BT Survey, December 2002
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
General Developments/Issues• “The large number of specifications emerging from
hundreds of actors without clear delineation of the scope and without interoperability” European Commission Joint Research Centre ePSO paper on e-payment, April 2002
• Competition among market players• Positional good versus Common good• Convergence and new technologies: Web Services,
Semantic Web/Ontologies, Grid Services, Autonomic Computing ...
• Interface between Market, Research, and Standardization• “Core functions” of the Internet; governance• Self-regulation, co-regulation, public-private partnership• QoS, Trust & Confidence, Consumer protection
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
CEN/ISSS eBusiness Focus Group Preliminary Topics
• Horizontal– Transaction protocols and standards
– Web Services
– m-Commerce
– .eu domain related application issues
– Cultural adaptability
– Open Source implementations
– Intellectual property & patent protection
– Trust & Confidence
– Test beds / Awareness
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
CEN/ISSS eBusiness Focus Group Preliminary Topics
• Vertical– eCataloging– eProcurement– eInvoicing– etc
ITC Regional Business Roundtable, 1-4 December, Vilnius
Acknowledgement
• CEN/ISSS http://www.cenorm.be/isss
• EU IST Diffuse Project (e-commerce & multimedia standards portal) http://www.diffuse.org
• European Commission DG Enterprise and DG Information Societyhttp://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise
http://europa.eu.int/information_society