The Coming of a Bipolar World and the Crisis of the “Middle Powers” : Part One ,1885-1918

The Position of the Powers, 1885-1914

ItalyJapanGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainRussiaUnited States

France

France1. Both England and France wanted to have colonies in

Africa 2. When England occupied Egypt in 1880s , France and

England were on strained terms3. France had lots of colonies but not more than England4. In economy of France ,there were many developments ,

especially banking, finance and the iron-steel industry5. France’s government made an allience with Italy

because they understood that Germany was unable to cope

Great Britain

Great Britain1. Great Britain was the most powerful on the world and it had

the most colonies .2. At the beginning , England was standing in forefront in textile,

coul production and iron but the other countries developed their industrial position.So effect of England on other powerful countries decreased in that decades.

3. England dropped to the third rank while other countries rapidly improve their economy .So other powerful countries increased their effects on England

4. After all of them England’s government enhanced customs duty to decrease effect of other countries on trade of England and they could achieve it

Russia

Russia1. Russia had very big population 2. Russia had most powerful military of the world and

Russia especially paid importance for their military power and the railway access

3. In oil production, Russia was the second one 4. In coal production, Russia came up from 6 to 36 million

tones production 5. In 1914, Russia came up to the fourth rank on industrial

power 6. In poor location of Russia , people was using primitive

tools for agricultural production so the productions was less than others

Russia

7. Health status of Russia wasn’t good and death rate was more than European countries because of drinking

8. In 1900 years, Russia had domestic disturbance 9. Russia was very powerful on military but there were

many disorder system.

United States

United States1. After US finished its civil war, America was the most

powerful country on the world2. Causes

Rich agricultural land Vast raw materials Having enough technology (railways, the steam

engine,mining equipment) The lack of social and geographical constraints The absense of significant foreign dangers

3. After the Spanish-American war, there were many significant innovation.

United States

4. America had the most oil production and it used up copper mostly

5. American people wanted to increase their importance of domestic market so the sales people was prevented by the American government and they achieved it.

6. Particularly the American sales people substantially affected on foreign trading and they exported largely

7. So other countries’ economy was decreased.After that in these countries this position emerged mutinies.

What are the important points of these countries? France

Colonies Banking, finance, iron-steel industry

Great Britian Colony Geographical Location Finance

Russia Big population Powerful military(with disorder system) Coal production Oil production Health status (death rate)

United StatesRich agricultural landVast raw materialsHaving enough technology (railways. The

steam engine,mining equipment)The lack of social and geographical constraintsThe absense of significant foreign dangers

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