REVISION BOOKLET

Origins of the First World War

LO: To be able to recall the key facts relating to the causes of WW1.

ORIGINS OF THE FIRST WORLD WARWhy were there two armed camps in Europe in 1914? SUMMARY

Long-term causes: Alliances: Alliances between France, Britain and Russia. Alliances between Germany,

Austria & Austria- Hungary.(this created divisions and distrust) Crisis in Morocco and Bosnia: 1905, 1908, 1911. Anglo - German naval rivalry. The arms race.

Short-term causes: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The Schlieffen Plan.

The Triple Alliance

Pages 6 & 7

When was the Triple Alliance signed?

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Which countries signed the Triple Alliance?

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Why did Germany want to sign an alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy?

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Who was the Kaiser? _____________________________________________________

The Franco- Russian Alliance (Page 7)

1. When was the Franco-Russian Alliance signed?

____________________________________________________________________

2. Why did France sign an alliance with Russia?

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3. What was agreed in the Franco-Russian Alliance?

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Britain and splendid isolation (Page 8)

1. Explain the term ‘splendid isolation’.

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2. Why did Britain have a policy of ‘splendid isolation’?

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3. What made Britain end its policy of ‘splendid isolation’?

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Entente Cordiale (Page 9)

1. When and why did Britain and France sign the Entente Cordiale?

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2. What was agreed in the Entente Cordiale?

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The Moroccan Crisis 1905 (Pages10/11)

1. What were Kaiser Wilhelm’s aims? ______________________________________________________

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2. Which country was interested in gaining control of Morocco in the 1900s? ______________________

3. What did the Kaiser do in 1905 that upset the French?

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4. Why was a conference held in Algeciras in 1906?

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5. What was agreed at the conference in Algeciras? ___________________________________________

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6. Explain 3 ways in which the Kaiser’s involvement in Morocco affected the alliances? (Pages 11/12)

One of the effects of the Moroccan Crisis was ____________________________________________________

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Another effect was _________________________________________________________________________

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France also used its influence to ______________________________________________________________

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7. What was the Triple Entente?

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8. What was Germany’s view of the Triple Entente?

Germany believed that ______________________________________________________________________

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African countries that had been colonised by European countries

Draw arrow showing Morocco: Use an atlas to help you.

It is important that you know which countries had alliances:

Label the following countries:

Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, Spain, Serbia, Bosnia.

Shade the Triple Alliance (signed in 1882) in blue.

Shade the Triple Entente in green.

How does this map help you explain why Germany was worried about encirclement? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Bosnian Crisis 1908 (Pages 12 & 13)

1. What were Serbia’s aims in the 1900s?

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2. Why was Austria-Hungary concerned Serbia?

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3. Complete the following sentence: In 1908 Austria-Hungary _______________________ Bosnia.4. Why was Serbia annoyed about Austria-Hungary taking over Bosnia?

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5. .Why didn’t Serbia oppose the annexation of Bosnian 1908?

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The Agadir Crisis 1911 (Page 14)

1. Why did the Sultan ask the French for help in 1911?

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2. How did France respond?

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3. How did Germany react to France sending an army into Morocco?

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4. How did Britain feel about Germany’s actions and what did they do?

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List the effects of the Agadir Crisis on the following: (Page 15)

Germany: _______________________________________________________________________________

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Britain’s relationship with France: ____________________________________________________________

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Britain attitude to Germany: __________________________________________________________________

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The Triple Alliance: __________________________________________________________________________

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Anglo-German naval rivalry

Using the graphs, answer the following questions:

1. Which country had the biggest army before WW1? ______________________________________2. Which country had the largest navy before WW1? _______________________________________3. Why do you think Britain felt it was important to have such a large navy? ____________________

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Describe what these tables tell us:

Complete the following sentences: Page 16/17

1) The first dreadnought was launched by Britain in _________________________.

2) Another word for dominance is s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .3) Countries wanted to build dreadnoughts because___________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________.4) Between 1906 and 1914, there was a __________ race between Germany and Britain.

5) In 1909, public opinion were alarmed by Germany building more dreadnoughts because_______________________________________________________________________________________________.

6) By 1914, the country that had built the most dreadnoughts was _____________________.

Using the table on Page 16, write down the number dreadnought were being built during the following crisis:

CRISIS Britain GermanyThe Moroccan Crisis 1906The Bosnian Crisis 1908The Agadir Crisis 1911

The arms race (Page 18)

Complete the following sentences:

1. There was an arms race in Europe from approximately 1907 to 1914 because

_______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________.

2. France and Russia believed that ____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________.

3. Germany believed that ___________________________________________

______________________________________________________________.

4. Using the table on Page 18 in your book, which country increased the size of

its army the most between 1900 and 1914? ___________________________

5. Which country increased the size of its army the least? Explain why.

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Why did war break out in 1914?The assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand

TRUE OR FALSE

The Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the Austrian throne. __________________

Sarajevo was the capital city of Serbia. __________________________

In 1914, Bosnia was part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. ______________________

Serbia was part of the Austria- Hungarian Empire ___________________.

The people who assassinated the Archduke were all Bosnians. ___________________.

The Black Hand was a secret society from Bosnia. __________________.

The Black Hand supplied the weapons that killed the Archduke. __________________.

The Balkans (Page 20)

1. What were Serbia’s aims in the Balkans?

_____________________________________________________________________

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2. Why was Serbia opposed to Austria Hungary? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. When was the Black Hand set up and what were its aims?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why was Austria Hungary concerned about Serbia growing strength?_______________________________________________________________________

STEPS TO WAR: (Pages 20-21)

What was the attitude of the following participants to the assassination?

STEPS TO WAR IN THE EAST: Put in order 1-5

Austria –Hungary declared war on Serbia in July 1914. _____Serbia accepted all but one of the 10 points. ______Germany declared war on Russia in August._______Russia supported Serbia and got its troops ready for war.______ Austria-Hungary sent a 10-point ultimatum to Serbia.______

The Schlieffen Plan (P. 22) A map showing the Schlieffen Plan

Serbia:

Countries in Europe like France and Britain:

Austria- Hungary:

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTION OF THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN BY FILLING IN THE GAPS:

After Russia and France signed the ______________________ Alliance in 1893, Germany was

concerned about having to fight a war on two _________________. In 1905, the head of the

army ____ __________________ came up with the idea of attacking France through

_____________ which was a __________________ country. He believed that Germany

would then be able to defeat France quickly, as they would be surprised and would have to

_________________________. Germany could then concentrate on fighting the Russians on

the ______________________ front.

Why Britain declared warWhat was Britain’s attitude to Russia declaring war on Germany?

_____________________________________________________________________________

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What was Britain’s main concern?

_____________________________________________________________________________

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Why did Britain declare war on Germany on 3 August 1914?

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REVISE KEY WORDS

Alsace-Lorraine Franco-Russian neutral Von Schlieffen

fronts Belgium Eastern

Choose the correct word from the key words on the next page and write in the space provided.

Another word for English 1.

An alliance signed between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in 1882

2.

This refers to the 3 alliances/agreements signed between Russia, France and Britain in 1893, 1903, 1907.

3.

This word is used to describe Kaiser Wilhelm’s desire to be a major player in world affairs.

4.

Countries in south-east Europe which consisted of Serbia, Bosnia, Macedonia, Croatia, Albania

5.

An agreement signed between France and Britain in 1903 in which they agreed not to oppose each other’s policies.

6.

A German word for king 7.

To go against 8.A new type of battleship developed in the 1900s which was faster and had longer range guns than older ships.

9.

An old name for Germany 10.

This was Britain’s policy in the 1900s which meant that they didn’t want to get involved in European affairs.

11.

The killing of a political leader 12.When there is competition between people/countries 13.

War that took place between 1914 and 1918 14.

Countries that do not take sides in a war 15.A friendly country/a country that will support you 16

A final demand with a threat of force if you do not agree

17.

A plan created by Germany to invade France through neutral Belgium, instead of Alsace Lorraine in order to surprise France.

18.

KEY WORDSTo oppose

The Entente Cordiale

World War 1

Neutral countries

Triple Entente Ally

Kaiser

Anglo

PrussiaBalkans

Assassination

Splendid isolation

Dreadnought

Weltpolitik

Triple Alliance

Rivalry

Ultimatum

The Schlieffen Plan