it consulting slides
TRANSCRIPT
IT & Technology Consulting
Dr. Joe O’Mahoney 2007
IT Consulting
1. IT Consulting
2. What is IT?
3. It’s the Business, Stupid
4. Managing Projects
5. Case-studies
The Agenda
IT Consulting
IT Systems Development
Outsourcing Services
Outsourcing Advice
IT Consulting
Tax
Audit
Finance
Engineering
Asset Management
Infrastructure
“Pure” Management Consuting*
*Program/Project Management, Strategy, Change Management, Human Resources, BPR, Operations, Marketing,
Corporate Communications
Strategy Consulting
- McKinsey , BCG
- Sapient, Methods Consulting, Xantus
Program Management
- Deloitte
- PWC
- E&Y
Implementation
- IBM
- Accenture
- Cap Gemini
Board Level
- IT Strategy
- Business Case
Management Level
- Requirements Management
-Process Design
- Planning
Operations Level
- Systems Interation
- IT Operations
- Coding
HIGH VOLUME
LOW VALUE
HIGH INVESTMENT
HI-VALUE
LOW-VOLUME
MED-VOLUME
MED-VALUE
Who does what?
IT Consulting Market
• 10% Pure IT / Strategy (e.g. McKinseys)• 10% with Audit / Accounting (e.g. Deloitte)• 80% with integration / outsourcing (e.g. IBM)
• UK Market - aprx £2.1bn revenue• World Market - aprx £18bn revenue• Biggest type of consulting
• Public Bodies: (NHS, DVLA etc…)• Central & Local Government• Banking
For example?
• M&A: inconsistent systems
• Modernisation: cheque clearing, e-business
• New Opportunities: RFID, mobile working
• Cutting costs: Outsourcing, automation
• Improving service: CRM, Security, Business Intelligence
Trends
• India & China– moving towards consultancy– developing centres of expertise– E.g. Infosys
• Away from strategy– Benefit realisation
• Size of projects– £100m +
• What is a consultant?
What is IT?
1. Information
- Useful, Structured, Value-add
- Data Information Assets
2. Technology
- A way of doing something
3. IT Consultants
- Experts in finding ways of turning information into assets
What is IT?
1. MIS
- A faulty part Recorded Trends Identified Benchmarked
- Knowing if production has a problem
2. Video
- Football Goal Digitized Protected tagged
- A product that can be promoted and sold
3. FaceBook
- Friends Digitized Structured
- A product to enhance sociability
Data Products
1. The Asset
- Tagged, Protected, Digitized
2. The Product
- Multi-channel: TV, Mobile, Internet
- Peer2Peer, Storage, Tasters….
3. The Business
- Advertising, user information, network details
- Pricing: time, subscription, per view….
- Sport vs. news, porn, game etc…
The Goal……
The Business
Focus on Business Requirements
• What the system will be able to do……..
• MoSCoW– Must– Should– Could– Would like…
• Traceable
• Hierarchies
• Change Management
Example: Windows Media Player
• WMP will play all music and video formats
• The system will play mpeg, mp3, aac, wmf, atrack 3
• The system will prevent illegal ripping of CDs
• The system will support a DRM solution so that protected files will need a lisence
• WMP will enable the creation of a media library
• The system will read metadata tags associated with music files
When it comes to requirements, the pencil costs pennies…
it is the eraser that can
cost millions.
1. User Interface
2. Scenarios
3. Business Rules
4. Flow charts
5. Use Cases
Other forms of requirements
Example: Amazon
1. Functional
- The system must allow searches by title, author and ISBN
- The system must allow a purchase within five clicks
- The customer must have the ability to unsubscribe from emails
2. Technical / System
- 99% of search returns will be faster than 0.5 sec.
- Card transactions with be encoded with 128bit coding
- The system must be available 99.999% of the time
Business Requirements
Requirement Hierarchy (examples)
• Anyone can post a review of a book– All reviews must be spell and key word checked before publication
– The administrator can remove and edit a review
– A customer must enter a password before posting a review
• The customer will be able to search for a product– By name, genre, author, album and publisher
– A maximum of 50 results will be shown
– The return must never be zero
– The search results can be ordered by price, alphabetically or popularity
1. If the customer enters a wrong password three times then their PC will be blocked for an hour
2. If the search return delivers nil then automatically search with variants of the spelling
3. If a customer makes a purchase then recommend the product that most customers who purchased that product also bought
4. If a cookie is present on the customer’s PC then automatically populate the customer’s email on the log-in screen
Business Rules
1. Katherine visits Amazon for the first time
2. She types “Russia” into the search box
3. Amazon returns items fitting this term by product type and listed by popularity
4. Amazon remembers what Katherine has searched for
5. Katherine clicks on the first item then clicks Add to Shopping Basket
6. Katherine is presented with a screen recommending similar items that other buyers of this product bought.
Scenario
IT Projects
Building a house?
• Just start building!?
• Start with a plan
• What are the requirements?
• What components do you need?
• What do those components do?
• Who builds it? Based on what?
• What makes a good design?
• You need a good method!!
3-Schema Architecture
External Design Conceptual Model Physical/Internal Design
Supplier Pro
26 27 28 29
Purchase Or
1 2 3
Set of
Purchase Order Item
Purchase Ord
19 20 21 22
Product
Purchase Order
Purchase Order
Line
Supplier
Supplier's Product
Process Purcha-
se Order Query
Process
Supplier
1 2 3 4
Process Set of
Purchase Order
Process
Purchase Order
4
Process
Next
P.O.
Physical Data
Storage
User and System Interfaces
SSM UML
SSADM
Project Lifecycle I
• A. Study Phase1. Link to Strategy2. User Need 3. Project Scoping4. Recruitment
• B. Design Phase1. Business Requirements2. Systems Requirements3. Data Requirements4. System Design5. Software Selection 6. Equipment Selection
Project Lifecycle II
• C. Development Phase1. Detailed System Design2. Detailed Application Design3. Detailed Database Design4. Coding and Debugging
• D. Test Phase
1. System Testing2. User Testing 3. Reference Manual Preparation 4. Personnel Training
• E. Operation Phase1. System Changeover 2. Routine Operation 3. System Performance Evaluation 4. System Changes/Enhancements
So Who’s Involved?
• Product Manager
• Business / Systems Analyst
• Coders
• Project Manager
Understand
Question
Analyse
Present
• What is the key question here?
• What type of case is this (e.g. New Product etc…)?
• If verbal, clarify the case.
• What information is missing?
• Use frameworks (e.g. 4Cs, 4Ps, Porter) as a prompt.
• Ask both qualitative and quantitative questions.
• Structure your information e.g. tree, mind map
• Perform calculations
• Make assumptions
• Prioritise recommendations.
• Base recommendations on facts.
• Examine impementation “how” issues.