islamic studies comparative study of religions final
TRANSCRIPT
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Comparative Study of Religions
Islam, Christianity and Judaism
http://ciit-telecom-1-c.4shared.com
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Group Members Muhammad Zulfiqar Siddique Khan
FA07-BET-119 Naveed Abdul Sattar
FA07-BET-122 Qasim Javed Bukhari
FA07-BET-127 Rizwan Ghani
FA07-BET-131 Sami-ur-Rehman
FA07-BET-145
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Judaism Moses and Abraham Torah (Holy-Book) Monotheism Halakhah Law
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Region of Judaism Israel 2000 BCE Language “Hebrew”
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Essentials of Judaism A kippah (skull cap) Tzitzit (prayer shawl) Tefillin (two boxes containing Bible) A kittel (over garment, worn by prayer leaders)
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Teachings of Judaism Monotheism Torah is divine revelation 7 , main text contain (sub-text) 13 points (controversial)
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13 points of Judaism1. Creator, alone made every thing, doing well2. One, Only God3. Not a human, free from physical matter 4. First and Last5. Only to pray 6. All works of Prophets are true7. Moses, teacher, chief of Prophets8. Torah is the only revelation
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13 points of Judaism
9. They Believe that Torah will not be changed10. God knows all deeds of human11. Reward and Punishment on deeds12. Belief on Messiah, will come13. It will come and please the Creator
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Prayers of Judaism 3 times a day
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Holiday in Judaism Saturday
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House of Payer Synagogue
Jerusalem Synagogue
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Temple Mount is the holiest site in Judaism
The Western Wall
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Regions Israel Germany Poland North Africa USA UK Canada Argentina
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Christianity Jesus Bible (Jewish Bible + New Testament) Jesus is the Son of God Cannon Law Languages “Aramaic, Greek”
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History of Christianity 1st century AD Jerusalem Christianity began as a sect within Judaism
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Region of Christianity 33 BC Palestine
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Text of Christianity Bible Total 73 Main 4
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Beliefs of Christianity Jesus the Christ ( Son of God ) , Messiah The Death and Resurrection of Jesus Salvation The Trinity Scriptures
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Places of Worship Church
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Islam 622 CE Means “Submission of Allah’s Will” Adherent of Islam is knows as “Muslim” Muhammad (SAW) is Last Prophet Require to observe Five Pillars
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Basic Beliefs Belief in one God (Allah Almighty) Belief in all Prophets Belief in all Books reveled by Allah Belief in Angles Belief in Day of Judgment
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Five Pillars of Islam The shahadah (Kalmah Shahadat) Salah Zakat Sawm Hajj
Unite Muslims in one Community
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Islam Prophet Muhammad (SAW) Quran Sharia (The Islamic Law) Hadith
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Teachings of Islam Worships
Salat (Prayer) Saum (Fasting) Hajj Zakat (Charity)
All people are created Equal A complete way to lead a life
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Larders in Islam Prophet Muhammad (SAW)
Ahl-e-Bayt Sahabah
Khulfa-e-Rashedeen Imams
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Text & Books of Islam Qur'an Sunnah Hadith Fiqh Sharia Kalam Tasawwuf (Sufism)
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Places of Worship Mosques
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Major branches Sunni Shi'a
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Muslims About 1.1 to 1.8 Billion 2nd Largest Religion in World
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Largest Populations1. Indonesia (183 million)2. Pakistan (134 million)3. India (121 million)4. Bangladesh (114 million)5. Turkey (66 million)6. Iran (62 million)7. Egypt (59 million)8. Nigeria (53 million)9. Algeria (31 million)10. Morocco (29 million)
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Social Effects of Religion Belief Solved problems like
Economical Political Moral and etc.
Benefits in Quite a Variety of Way Physical Health Punctuality Satisfaction Charity Unity
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Comparison of Origin and HistoryIslam Judaism Christianity
Date founded 622 AD Unknown 33 BC
Place founded Saudi Arabia Palestine Palestine
Prophets Muhammad (SAW) Moses or Abraham Jesus
Original language(s) Arabic Hebrew Aramaic, Greek
Early expansion Within 12 years, entire Arabian
peninsula; within 100 years, Muslim
world stretched from the Atlantic to
china
Little expansion; mostly confined to
Palestine
Within 60 years, churches
Major cities in Palestine, turkey, Greece and Rome
(map); entire roman empire by end of 4th
cent.
major splits Shia/Sunni, c. 650 BC
Reform/Orthodox, 1800s BC
Catholic/Orthodox, 1054 BC; Catholic/Protestant, 1500s BC
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Comparison of Religious Beliefs
Islam Judaism Christianity
Type of theism Strict monotheism
Strict monotheism Trinitarian monotheism
Ultimate reality One God One God One God
Names of God Allah (Arabic for God)
Yahweh, Elohim Yahweh, the holy trinity
Other spiritual beings
Angels, demons, jinn
Angels and demons
Angels and demons
Revered humans Prophets, imams Prophets Saints, church fathers
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Comparison of Religious Beliefs
Islam Judaism Christianity
Identity of Jesus True prophet of God, whose
message has been corrupted
False prophet Son of God, God incarnate, savior of
the world
Birth of Jesus Virgin birth Normal birth Virgin birth
Death of Jesus Did not die, but ascended into heaven during
crucifixion
Death by crucifixion Death by crucifixion
Resurrection of Jesus
Denied Denied Affirmed
Second coming of Jesus
Affirmed Denied Denied
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Comparison of Religious Beliefs
Islam Judaism Christianity
Divine revelation Through Muhammad,
recorded in Qur'an
Through prophets, recorded in bible
Through prophets and Jesus (as god
himself), recorded in bible
View of sacred text Inspired, literal word of god,
inerrant in original languages
Views vary Inspired, some believe inerrant in original languages
Human nature Equal ability to do good or evil
Two equal impulses, one good and one
bad
"Original sin" inherited from adam - tendency towards
evil
God's role in salvation
Predestination Divine revelation and forgiveness
Predestination, various forms of
grace
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Comparison of Religious Beliefs
Islam Judaism Christianity
Good afterlife Eternal paradise Views vary: either heaven or no
afterlife
Eternal heaven
Bad afterlife Eternal hell Views vary: either eternal gehenna,
reincarnation, or no afterlife
Eternal hell, temporary purgatory
(catholicism)
View of fellow abrahamic religions
Jews and christians are respected as
"people of the book," but they
have wrong beliefs and only partial
revelation.
Islam and christianity are false interpretations and
extensions of judaism.
Judaism is a true religion, but with
incomplete revelation. Islam is a
false religion.
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Comparison of Statistics and Basics Islam Judaism Christianity
adherents called Muslims Jews Christians
major concentration
Middle East, Southeast Asia
Israel, Europe, USA
Europe, North and South America, rapid growth in
Africa
sacred text Qur'an (Koran) Bible (Torah) Bible (Jewish Bible + New Testament)
other written authority
Hadith Talmud, Midrash, Responsa
Talmud, Midrash, Responsa church
fathers, church councils, papal
decrees (Catholic only)
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Comparison of Statistics and Basics
Islam Judaism Christianity
Religious law Sharia Halakhah Canon law
Clergy Imams Rabbis Priests, ministers, pastors, bishops
House of worship Mosque Synagogue Church, chapel, cathedral
Main day of worship
Friday Saturday Sunday
Religion and state Integrated Separate Separate
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Why Differences ? Don’t won’t to reject their ancestors
Teachings No Practice of Teaching
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References www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/islam www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/christianity www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/judaism
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Thank you