islamic civilization. red sea arabian sea persian gulf
TRANSCRIPT
Arabia
• Arabian Peninsula (water on 3 sides) is dominated by deserts
• Oasis is green area in a desert fed by underground water
• Desert herders who traveled from oasis to oasis for water are known as nomads (unsettled lifestyle)
• Nomads on the Arabian Peninsula grouped together in groups called
• Arab merchants transport goods across the desert in (group of traders who travel together)
TRIBESCARAVANS
MECCA• Mecca became a very large, wealthy city because it was a crossroads for trade and an important religious site
• Mecca is the largest and richest town in Arabia
The Kaaba is located in Makkah (Mecca) and significant to Muslims because it is believed to be a
sacred place.
Jerusalem
• The Dome of the Rock, located in Jerusalem is an important religious site for Muslims because it marks the spot where Muhammad ascended to Heaven with Gabriel to meet and speak to God.
Muhammad• The religion of Islam was brought to Arabia
through the teachings of Muhammad.• Islam: to surrender to the will of God, it is a
way of life as well as a religion
Islam• Muhammad upset many merchants of Mecca
because he taught that there was only one god (monotheism)
• He also taught to people to take care of the needy and poor.
• Central Belief: Allah is the one true God and Muhammad is his prophet
• Quran is the holy book of Islam • The name given to customs based on
Muhammad’s words and deeds is the Sunnah• The Quran and Sunnah provide rules for daily
living in Muslim life• .
• Muhammad and his followers left Mecca because they were being persecuted by merchants.
• They moved north to Medina (The Prophet’s City).
Five Pillars
• Five Pillars of Islam are acts of worship Muslims must fulfill (Basic Rules)
1. shahada (profession of faith)There is only one God (Allah) 2. Salat (daily worship): five times a day; guided by a precise
set of rituals3. zakat(almsgiving): charity % of a Muslim’s income 4. sawm(fast): from sunrise to sunset during the holy time of
Ramadan5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca): hijrah is the journey of
Muhammad and his followers to Madinah - undertaken once in a lifetime; reminder of equality between all Muslims
Fatimah
• The daughter of Muhammad. Her followers were called the Fatimids. They believed that Muhammad's bloodline was important and that Muslims should live simple lives instead of lavish.
• Shiites believed Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali, should rule after Muhammad’s death
• Believed all caliphs should be direct descendant of Muhammad
• One reason the Arabs were successful in building their empire was that they were friendly toward other religions and cultures
• How did the Arabs treat the people they conquered? They let them practice their own religion.
• Muhammad’s conquest in A.D. 632 took place in?• The river marked the easternmost extent of
Islamic expansion?• the most likely prevented the spread of Islam
farther south at this time?
Sahara
Muslim Achievements • Sufism or Islamic mysticism, enriched Muslim
literature by infusing religious beliefs into poetry and stories.
“People of the Book”• Muslims believed that Jews and
Christians were the people of the book, because they too had sacred holy books
Trade and Conquest Islam spread as Muslim merchants took
their religion with them on trips and as Muslim armies conquered new lands
Written Response
• Why did the Muslims split into two groups--Sunnis and Shiites--after Muhammad’s death?
They argued over who the rightful ruler should be after Muhammad’s death