THIET KE HE THONG CONG NGHIEP (Manufacturing systems design)

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3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN3.2. Cau truc cua he thong cong nghiep 3.3. Qui trnh cua he thong cong nghiep 3.4. He thong cac yeu cau 3.5. Qua trnh thiet ke cong suat 3.6. Thiet lap cac chng trnh

Noi dung

Thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN (FS) = thiet ke s khi he thong cong nghiep + thiet ke s khi he thong quan ly trien khai d anThiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN = Nghien cu kha thi d an au t va phat trien CNNghien cu kha thi d an giong/khac lap ke hoach kinh doanh:Giong: eu nham ti muc tieu e xuat phng an d an (phng an HTCN & phng an trien khai) HAY phng an kinh doanh kha thiKhac: nhieu noi dung ch co trong FS hay ch co trong KHKD3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN

FS: la qua trnh PHAN TCH & THIET KE cac KCH BAN (kha thi) cua d an TRC KHI CO C NGUON VON ho tr cho chu au t va cac ben co lien quan (chien lc) RA QUYET NH CO HAY KHONG tiep tuc trien khai d anMot khi nhom RQ nay quyet nh tiep tuc trien khai th LAP KE HOACH KINH DOANH mi c thc hien. Ke hoach KD se tr thanh cac hng dan trien khai cu the

oi vi cac d an CO LIEN QUAN EN CGCN hay CO LIEN QUAN EN CAC VAN E KY THUAT PHC TAP FS thng BAO GOM luon ke hoach kinh doanh3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN

FS: luon nham ti viec e xuat MOT SO KCH BAN KHA THI con KHKD nham ti TRIEN KHAI CU THE KCH BAN TRIEN VONG NHAT

Neu KHKD c xay dng khong i vi FS, mot GIA THIET a c chap nhan: PHNG AN D AN LA KHA THI FS thng do t van oc lap thc hien; KHKD thng do chu au t (co hay khong co t van) thc hien vi cac thong tin tai chnh t ngan hang hay cac quy/chu au tkhacFS c thc hien 1 lan con KHKD c tiep tuc s dung sau khi d an hoan tat3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN

Thiet ke s khi HTCN: la mot thanh phan cua FS va co quan he chat che vi thiet ke s khi he thong QL trien khai DAThiet ke s khi HTCN hay Preliminary design la bc tiep theo cua Thiet ke y niem cua he thong (conceptual design)Thiet ke y niem (nghien cu tien kha thi) c thc hien oi vi cong nghe hay he thong cong nghe mi

oi vi d an phat trien (he thong hay cong nghe) ho s xac nh d an a thc hien cac yeu cau cua thiet ke y niem.

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN

Thiet ke cac he thong CN co vai tro ac biet quan trong: thiet ke y niem a quyet nh 70% chi ph s hu he thong

Thiet ke y niem cac he thong CN hay xac nh d an a xac nh:Th trng: san xuat giay da xuat khau, tre em trong la tuoi t s sinh ti 5 tuoi Loai san pham va cac nhu cau c ban cua khach hangVD: da thuoc, sa bot cho tre emLoai nguyen lieu chnh, VD: da trau bo, sa tiLoai cong nghe chnh: CN s che da thuoc; CN tao bot nhu tngPhng phap CGCN/MCN: t phat trien/mua t ngoaiCau truc c ban cua HTCN: 3 thanh phan c ban: may moc/CN va ha tang; to chc va nhan s; va quan ly3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN

Thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN: xac nh:Phan tch chc nang (quan he gia cac chc nang)Phan bo yeu cau (cho cac chc nang)Nghien cu anh oi (trade-offs gia cac yeu cau chc nang)Tong hp cac giai phap he thongThiet ke s khi cac mo hnh KT-CN Xay dng cau hnh he thong (configuration)Ra soat thiet ke s khi (anh gia va tham nh)

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN

Thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN-FS: xac nh:V tr chien lc cua d an San pham va qui mo he thong cong nghiepTh trng va tiep thNguyen vat lieu va nguon cung capa iem, cong trng va moi trng au tKy thuat va cong ngheC cau to chc va chi ph quan lyNguon nhan lc va chi phTo chc va chien lc trien khai d anTien o thc hien d an

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN

Thiet ke s khi HTCN la qua trnh tao ra thiet ke ve cau hnh (configurations), thiet ke ve yeu cau va qui mo (Scope of Work: SOW) cua HTCN thong qua tng tac qua lai cua nhieu qua trnh thiet ke-lap ke hoach:Ky thuat he thong (Systems Engineering)Quan ly cau hnh (Configuration management)Thiet ke yeu cau (Requirement Engineering)Hoach nh cong nghe (Technology planning)Thiet ke san pham (Product Planning/Design

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN

Thiet ke s khi HTCN . (tiep)Thiet ke qui trnh cong nghe (Process planning/Design) Thiet lap MISThiet ke nha may (Facility planning/Design)Lap ke hoach san xuat trung han va dai han (Production planning)Lap ke hoach tai chnh (ngan han va dai han)

Thiet ke s khi cung cap au vao cho he thong quan ly d an

3.1. Gii thieu ve thiet ke s khi d an T&PTCN

3.2. Cau truc cua he thong cong nghiep

Cau truc chung cua he thong cong nghiepSystem structure specifies the overall structure of the MS system. It aims to define the required structure of the MS system with respect to the process organization and grouping of MS functions and the degree of modularization and integration within the system.

Cau truc chung cua he thong cong nghiepCau truc cua he thong cong nghiep va cac ac trng cua cac thanh phan xac nh cau hnh cua he thong (systems configurations)

Cau truc cua he thong co cau truc cay trong o tang cuoi cung la cac thanh phan nho nhat vi cac ac trng, ac iem hay cac yeu cau ky thuat (specifications) rieng

Cau truc chung cua he thong cong nghiep

Cau truc chung cua he thong cong nghiepCau hnh he thong cong nghiep

Cau truc chung cua he thong cong nghiepThe physical architecture (or manufacturing/supply process) represents the hard elements of the manufacturing and supply systems, including the machines, transportation and storage equipment and the other facilities required to support the manufacturing and supply process. This also describes the flow of materials through the system. The human and organizational architecture represents the organizational structure and the interactions of the employees within the manufacturing and supply system, including their roles, responsibilities, and tasks. The information and control architecture represents the planning and control functions of the manufacturing and supply system and the processes involved in decision making. This also describes the flow of data and information in all its formats, whether paper or computer based, throughout the system.

Cau truc chung cua he thong cong nghiep

Cau truc chung cua he thong cong nghiep

Cau truc chung cua he thong cong nghiep

Cau truc chung cua he thong cong nghiepXac nh cau truc cua HT cong nghiep:Theo cac cau truc chuan: v du: MIL-HDBK-881A, 30 JULY 2005Theo cau truc cua nha cung cap HT: xem tai lieu mo ta HTCNTheo he thong cong nghe: xem mon hoc Quan ly va anh gia cong ngheTheo vong i cua HTCN: xem xac nh cong viec cua d an

1. C cau to chc theo chc nang C cau to chc va nhan s

1. C cau to chc theo chc nangu iemNang suatPhat trien chuyen monieu kien cong tac on nh

Nhc iemMau thuan gia cac boQL cap tren b nhieu ap lcGiai quyet van e thieu tnh he thongCng nhac, kho thay oi

C cau to chc va nhan s

2. C cau to chc theo san phamC cau to chc va nhan s

2. C cau to chc theo san phamu iemap ng nhanh vi thay oi Mau thuan gia cac to/nhom c han cheHieu biet ay u ve cac van e lien quanPhat trien va m rong chuyen monNhc iemChuyen mon chnh co the giamKho thu hut chuyen giaSang kien ch trong pham vi SPThanh vien phai canh tranh vi nguon nhan lc

C cau to chc va nhan s

3. C cau to chc theo ma tran C cau to chc va nhan s

3. C cau to chc theo ma tranu iem Ket hp cac u iem cua 2 mo hnh trcTnh linh hoat toi aa nang lc (chuyen mon rong-hep) Nhc iemMau thuan do 2 xepHai he thong khen thng cho chuyen mont ngi co kinh nghiem lam viec trong moi trng phc tapC cau to chc va nhan s

4. C cau to chc theo d anC cau to chc va nhan s

4. C cau to chc theo d anu iemoc lapNang suat Hieu quat mau thuanNhc iemPhat trien chuyen mon sau d an b han cheKho luan chuyen Hieu dung cua nguon lc thapC cau to chc va nhan s

Cau truc cua he thong QLSXHe thong quan ly san xuat (manufacturing management system) c thc hien ba cap:1. Cap chien lc: hoach nh va kiem soat chien lc cua cong ty2. Cap van hanh va trung han: d bao doanh thu va nhu cau khach hang, hoach nh san pham va qua trnh san xuat, Hoach nh yeu cau/nhu cau nguon lc (manufacturing resource planning)3. Cap ngan han: He thong trien khai san xuat (manufacturing execution systems)

Cau truc cua he thong QLSXHoach nh va kiem soat chien lc cua cong ty. CHIEN LC VAN HANH xac nh nang lc van hanh chien lc (lau dai) cua doanh nghiep nh:Loai san pham/dch vuQui mo san xuatLoai qui trnh san xuat/cong ngheLoai nha cung capLoai nhan lc He thong bao am chat lng

CAP VAN HANH &TRUNG HAN: : d bao doanh thu va nhu cau khach hang, hoach nh san pham va qua trnh san xuat; hoach nh yeu cau/nhu cau nguon lc (manufacturing resource planning)D bao doanh thu theo thang, quy, namD bao nhu cau cua khach hang (san lng)D bao nang lc san xuat can thiet e ap ng nhu cau D bao xu the can oi cung cauThiet ke/oi mi san pham va qua trnh san xuaHoach nh tong hp: xac nh yeu cau ve nguon lc (may, nhan cong) nham ap ng nhu cauHoach nh nhu cau vat t (material requirement planning MRP): xac nh nhu cau vat t cho san xuatieu o tong (Master Production scheduling): ieu o tien o va cong suat theo thi gianHoach nh nguon lc san xuat (manufacturing resource planning MRPII): hoach nh tch hp cac nguon lc san xuat

Cau truc cua he thong QLSXCAP NGAN HAN: He thong trien khai san xuat (manufacturing execution systems):ieu o san xuatKiem soat chat lngQuan ly bao trQuan ly vat t va at hang

Qui trnh la chuoi cac hoat ong hay thao tac, c ket noi nhau theo mot trnh t thc hien nhat nh nham bien au vao thanh mot san pham hoan toan xac nh au ra.

Nguon lc la to hp hoan toan xac nh cua 4M (may, ngi van hanh, nguyen lieu, phng phap) va I (thong tin) tham gia vao cac thao tac hay hoat ong cua qui trnh3.3. Qui trnh cua he thong cong nghiep

Qui trnh cua he thong

LOAI QUI TRNHQui trnh san xuatQui trnh ky thuatQui trnh chat lng Qui trnh quan lyQui trnh kinh doanhQui trnh cua he thong

VAI TRO CUA QUI TRNHQui trnh ket noi toan bo hoat ong va cong tac trong mot n v hay cong ty

Qui trnh thiet lap, duy tr va kiem soat s lien thong gia cac hoat ong khac nhau

Qui trnh duy tr tnh nhat quan trong thc hien mot nhiem vu/trach nhiem

Cung cap thong tin toan dien e thc hien nhiem vu mot cach hieu quaQui trnh cua he thong

Qui trnh xac nh cac yeu cau/ chat lng van hanh/hoat ong cua he thong hay cac yeu cau oi vi giao dien gia cac thanh phan va gia he thong va moi trngHieu qua (Effectiveness)Hieu suat (Efficiency)Chat lng (Quality)ung gi (Timeliness)Nang suat (Productivity)An toan (Safety)Bien ong (Variance)Qui trnh cua he thong

He thong cac yeu cau cua he thong cong nghiep (requirements) la tap hp cac ac tnh, ac iem, nang lc cua toan bo he thong CN-he thong con-cac thanh phan-cac qui trnh cau thanh he thong cong nghiep.VD: yeu cau oi vi toan bo HTCN bao gom: chat lng san pham, t suat li nhuan, toc o tang trngVD: yeu cau oi vi QTCN: nang lc san xuat, nang lc cong nghe .3.4. He thong cac yeu cau

3.4. He thong cac yeu cauMohnh he thong cac yeu cau

He thong cac yeu cau co the c xac nh qua:Thu thap thong tin th cap trong tai lieu, bao caoKhao sat cac chnh sach, qui nh cua cong ty Xac nh cac ky vong, mong muon cua cac ben co lien quan en HTCNPhan tch he thong va qui trnh3.4. He thong cac yeu cau

3.5. Qua trnh thiet ke cong suat

3.5. Qua trnh thiet ke cong suatD bao nhu cau: xac nh nhu cau dai han cua th trng ve san lng theo nam, theo mua trong nam (neu co) va ve gia mua (theo tng nam trong suot vong i cua d an) va cac yeu cau oi vi san phamPhng phap d bao: nh tnh va nh lngD bao nhu cau cua san pham mi/cua th trng mi thng c thc hien theo cac phng phap nhan-qua da tren mau thu thap c thong qua nghien cu th trngNhu cau cua san pham mi/th trng mi thng lien quan en cac yeu to kinh te v mo, kinh te nganh va mc o phat trien cua xa hoi

3.5. Qua trnh thiet ke cong suatThiet ke san pham: xac nh nhu cau va yeu cau ve san pham, nguyen vat lieu, nhien lieu, cac yeu cau oi vi qui trnh cong nghe nham bao am chat lngThiet ke san pham trong giai oan FS xac nh: Cac yeu cau cua khach hang oi vi san phamCac tieu chuan ky thuat-chat lng quan trong oi vi san pham Cac dong san pham chnhCac yeu cau ve NVL va nh mc BOM cho moi dong san phamCac tieu chuan ky thuat-chat lng quan trong cua NVL

3.5. Qua trnh thiet ke cong suatThiet ke qui trnh cong nghe (QTCN): xac nh yeu cau ky thuat oi vi trang thiet b, nha xng, kho bai, cong cu, cung cap nguyen vat lieu, nhien lieu, nang lng, cap thoat nc, va x ly nc thaiNang lc san xuat cua QTCN (process capacity) c xac nh tai khau san xuat cua QTCN co cong suat nho nhat (nut that co chai)Cac phng phap la chon/xac nh cong suat:+ Phan tch hoa von+ Chien lc m rong san xuat trong tng lai (dai han): capacity lead; average capacity, capacity lag strategies+ make or buy (chuoi cung ng)+ chien lc ieu chnh cong suat (adjusting capacity) trong trung han

3.5. Qua trnh thiet ke cong suatThiet ke he thong van hanh: xac nh phng phap to chc san xuat, yeu cau oi vi trang thiet b va nhan lc (so lng va loai nguon lc), HTQLXac nh a iem: ieu kien ha tang, nguon nguyen lieu, th trng, nguon nhan lc, at aiThiet ke nha may, cty: xac nh yeu cau (dien tch hnh dang, bo tr) oi vi mat bang nha may va mat bang xng, kho bai, van phong, khu vc ho tr, he thong van chuyen noi bo va he thong van tai, giao thong noi bo, he thong cap thoat nc, va x ly nc thai, ha tang MIS

Xac nh a iemTieu ch la chon a iem1. Market location2. Raw material sources (location, quality, quantity, long-term reliability, cost)3. Logistics availability - incoming and outbound (transportation choices, monopolies, public or dedicated systems)4. Political and social climate5. Environmental impact - water effluent, air emissions, social factors (impacts from construction and from operation, regulations, regulatory changes)6. Personnel hazards - explosion potential, toxic releases7. Tax incentives

Xac nh a iemTieu ch la chon a iem8. Governmental permitting - national and local, building, sewers, highways, railroads, navigation, navigable waters, aircraft, environmental9. Staffing - labor pool, skill level (competition for qualified resources, availability of alliance contractor personnel)10. Site soils, groundwater, and geology (any show-stopper issues, risk mitigation)11. Infrastructure - available services - electrical power, telephone, water, railroad, highways (quality, quantity, adequacy for lifetime of asset, maintenance, stability, public versus dedicated, contract risks)12. Cost of services energy costs, construction and operating labor (risk mitigation)

3.6. Thiet lap cac chng trnhChng trnh kinh doanh (CTKD): d bao nhu cau va xac nh doanh thu va chi ph ban hang-tiep th theo thi gian (nam). CTKD co the c thiet lap theo 3 giai oan: giai oan th nghiem keo dai mot vai nam trong o san xuat di cong suat toi a, giai oan san xuat ai tra vi cong suat toi a va giai oan m rong san xuat vi cong suat ln hn toi aDoanh thu nam la tch gia gia ban va san lng san xuat ra va ban c trong nam

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s khiChng trnh thu mua nguyen lieu (CTTM): xac nh nhu cau (so lng va chat lng) va chi ph nguyen vat lieu theo thi gian (nam) ke ca lng ton kho can thiet cung nh chi ph ton kho e ap ng nhu cau ve san pham trong nam

Chng trnh san xuat (CTSX): xac nh san lng va chi ph san xuat theo thi gian tnh theo nam

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s khiLap ke hoach tai chnh xac nh nhu cau ve von hay dong tien ra va xac nh nguon von (dong tien vao), cau truc von va chi ph vay von can thiet e ap ng nhu cau ve von cua doanh nghiep va giam thieu chi ph vonThiet ke s khi HTCN xac nh dong tien ra can thiet e duy tr hoat ong SX-KD sau khi d an ket thuc

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s khiDong tien ra can thiet e duy tr hoat ong SX-KD sau khi d an ket thuc bao gom 2 thanh phan:Chi ph san xuat-kinh doanh (CPSXKD- total annual cost of product sold): Chi ph san xuat-kinh doanh la toan bo chi ph i vi viec san xuat ra va ban cho khach hang mot san lng thanh pham nhat nh (CPSXKD) trong 1 namVon lu ong (Net working capital: VL): la chi ph au t ban au (vao au moi giai oan) can thiet e van hanh hoat ong san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep hang nam.

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s khiChi ph san xuat-kinh doanh (CPSXKD- total annual cost of product sold):CPSXKD = CPSX+CPVH+CPKDCPSX: chi ph san xuatCPVH: chi ph van hanhCPKD:chi ph kinh doanh

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s khiChi ph san xuat (CPSX) gom cac thanh phan:- Chi ph nguyen lieu- Chi ph phu lieu- Chi ph vat t va phu tung thay the- Chi ph duy tu, sa cha va bao tr- Chi ph lao ong/nhan cong- Thue thu nhap, bao hiem cua nhan cong- Chi ph quan ly san xuat (lng quan ly, vat t-van phong pham, phuc li xa hoi, chi ph thue mn mat bang, phng tien, bao hiem)

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s khiChi ph san xuat (CPSX) gom cac thanh phan: (tiep)- Chi ph hanh chnh (lng quan ly, vat t-van phong pham, phuc li xa hoi, chi ph thue mn mat bang, phng tien, bao hiem)Chi ph kinh doanh CPKD):- Chi ph tiep th va ban hang (marketing costs): lng, chi ph thue mn, cac chi ph trc tiep khac- Chi ph quan ly tiep th va ban hang: lng, chi ph thue mn, cac chi ph trc tiep khac

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s khiChi ph van hanh CPVH (Operating cost): Khau hao tai san co nh Lai vay ngan hang Lai thue tai chnhCPVH cha the tnh c trong thiet ke s khi HTCN do cha tnh c gia tr tai san co nh va von vay

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s khiVon lu ong (VL): c tnh nh sau:

Hang mucVong xoayGia tr khi xay dng (2007)Nam san xuat2008..2020Cong suat s dung (%)751001001. Tong ton kho1.1. Nguyen lieu ton1.2. Nguyen lieu A1.3. Nguyen lieu B1.4. Van phong pham1.5. Phu tung thay the1.6. WIP

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s khiVL: c tnh nh sau:

Hang mucVong xoayGia tr khi xay dng (2007)Nam san xuat2008..20201.7. Thanh pham ton kho2. Khoan thu3. Tien mat TAI SAN LU ONG(tong 1-3)4. Khoan n TONG VL (tong 1-3) (4)X0X1X2VL gia tang (tong VL (1.1)X2-X1

5. Qua trnh thiet ke s khiVL: c tnh nh sau: (tiep)Xac nh khoang thi gian ngan nhat phai duy tr hang muc (tai san lu ong va n): TXac nh so vong xoay trong nam: 365/TLay gia tr cua cac hang muc tng ng trong CPSX chia cho so vong xoay trong nam va a vao hang muc tai san lu ong hay nTong VL la hieu gia tong tai san lu ong va n phai traVL gia tang la hieu gia VL cung ky va VL ky trc