isat 433 systems concepts dr. geoffrey egekwu. literature references: systems approach, systems...
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ISAT 433
SYSTEMS CONCEPTS DR. GEOFFREY EGEKWU
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Literature references: systems approach, systems thinking, systems methodA system is a “set of objects with relationships between the objects and between their attributes” ORA system is a “collection of objects working together to produce something greater” - product of system may be tangible or intangibleTherefore system thinking approach is a logical way of dealing with complexity (representation, design, or analysis)
ALL
ABOUT SYSTEMS MODELING
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SYSTEMS CONCEPTS and CONTRUCTS INCLUDE ...
Wholeness - a system is part of a wholeBoundary/interface ; boundary conditionsHierarchical orderEnvironmentSystems integrationInputs/transformation/outputs (limit to single form)Feedback/adaptation/stabilityHard systems (structure, elements, and boundaries are explicit and can be well defined) vs. Soft system (high level of human activity, structure and interactions hard to define, emphasis is on learning and improving system)
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MODELING ESSENTIALSIs a model a true representation of reality?Modeling is the art of simplification i.e. provisional and never finalA system model evolves in detail as one’s understanding improves
always important to define goal(s)/objective(s) of the system analysis a’ priori
Client (or analyst) may not know what:will be possible, affordable, or of the greatest value to client; need for prototype (e.g. DC-3 development)
Examples of different systems : bio-system, production/manufacturing, ecology, policy study, family, waiting line, information, energy, etc.
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Systems Analysis in form of Productivity Improvements:
Is major source of productivity improvements in most organizations todaysmall, steady, incremental improvements include processes, methods, etc.they add-up to impact the bottom line.Contrast with Business/Process Reengineering activities … quantum leap gain is the motivation here
higher project expenditure (hardware and software)longer time to achievehigher level of risk and complexity
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Hints for systems modeling/analysis
How is it done?Frederick Taylor (time and work study)Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (motion study)Elton Mayo (worker motivation)
• Sociotechnical systems approach-adjusting need of production process to worker or group need
• Job enrichment (money not a motivator)
All based on what is being done currentlyobservation, work samplinginterviews, etc.
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Hints for systems analysis: Analyst May have to ask ...
What is the task?Why do it?Working smarter involves answering above questions with supporting dataInvolves identifying important variables, the nature of their interaction, and how changes to them affect entire system.Examples: IRS audit, Financial Aid processingLimit analysis to a single form - information flow, material flow, etc.Avoid temptation to “leapfrog to solution”Define nature of all system interfaces
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Technology Planning
Organizational Planning and scheduling
Manufacturing control and monitoring
Budgeting and accounting
Strategic goal planning
Capital Equipment
facility planning
Long range planning
and forecasting
Marketresearch
FutureLong Range Present pastFuture
Manufacturing Processplanning
EngineeringAnd
design
Customer Order
servicing
Purchasing
Production,order scheduling,
Monitoring and control
Customer Order
servicing
Credit Accounting
Profit and loss
Calculation budgeting
Debit Accounting
Receiving
Raw material
inventory
PurchasedParts
inventory
PurchasedParts
inventory
FinishedParts
inventory
Assembly
Quality control
SpareParts
inventory
Finished goods
inventory
Shipping
Suppliers market
Product market
InquiryQuotationsCustomer
Orderinquiry
CustomerOrder
Materialrequirement
Order to supplier
Work-piece drawingBill of material
Control
Feedback
Feedback
Control
Shop orders
Assembly orders
Material Cost
Salaries
TaxesDepreciationInterestprofit
Product Line
Manufacturing plans
NC programs
Product Description
(technical data)
Transactions
Transa
ctions
Flow Information Flow Material Flow Funds
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Tool Crib System
Tool Order Subsystem
Process Order Transaction
Check Tool Delivery
Generate Order/Delivery
Report
Warehouse OperationsSubsystem
Process Warehouse Inquiries
Process Employee Inquiries
Generate Availability
Report
Update Tool Availability
Check in/out transaction subsystem
Check out Transaction
Check in Transaction
Generate Transaction
Report
Employee/Vendor Records Subsystem
Process Employee
Information
Process Vendor
Information
GenerateEmployee
Report
GenerateVendor Report
Functional Decomposition Diagram
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Tool Crib System
Tool Order Subsystem
Process Order Transaction
Check Tool Delivery
Generate Order/Delivery
Report
Warehouse OperationsSubsystem
Process Warehouse Inquiries
Generate Availability
Report
Update Tool Availability
Check in/out transaction subsystem
ProcessCheck in
Transaction
ProcessCheck out
Transaction
Generate Transaction
Report
Employee/Vendor Records Subsystem
Process Employee
Information
Process Vendor
Information
GenerateEmployee
Report
GenerateVendor Report
Generate Missing tool
Report
Generate Check in Receipt
GenerateTool check out Activity Report
Generate Tool Location notice
Generate Request Analysis
Report
Provide Tool Availability
query results
Provide Employee Skill query results
Generate Daily
Report
Generate Check out Receipt
Pg
9Pg
8
Pg
8
Event Decomposition Diagrams
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Safety Committee
Vendor
Generate Tool Location Notice
Process Tool Order
Generate P.O. Cancel.
Notice
Generate P.O. Modif.
Request
Purchase Order
Generate Inventory
List
Generate Shipment Receipt notice
Gen. Shipm. Receipt Notice
Paid Invoice Notice
Foreman
Account Payable
Tool Crib Staff
Process Employee Request
Skill Classification
Tool Transaction
Employee
Generate Tool Check-out
Authorization
Generate Lost Tool Posting
Generate Check-in Receipt
Generate Restricted Tools List
Tool Request
Tool Availability confirmation
New Tool transaction
Give to Employee
Warehouse Small/large Tool
Canceled Order
Modified Order
Generate Damage
description
System Diagram
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Other Tools of the trade
Pareto charts
Total Quality Management Tools; SPC
Quality Function deployment
Simulation