irrational antibiotic use among secondary school teachers and university faculty members in shiraz,...
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nt J Prev Med. Dec 2012; 3(12): 839845.
PMCID: PMC3530301
Irrational Antibiotic Use among Secondary
School Teachers and University FacultyMembers in Shiraz, Iran
Mehrdad A!ar"anand#a$%eh Mahar&'"e1
Deart%ent '* C'%%n"t+ Med"c"ne, Med"c"na& and #atra& Che%"tr+ -eearch Center, h"ra/n"ver"t+ '* Med"ca& c"ence, h"ra/, Iran1ea&th P'&"c+ -eearch Center, h"ra/ n"ver"t+ '* Med"ca& c"ence, h"ra/, Iran
Correspondence to:Pr'*. Mehrdad A!ar"an, Pr'*e'r '* C'%%n"t+ Med"c"ne, h"ra/
n"ver"t+ '* Med"ca& c"ence, P. . ': 1345613, h"ra/, Iran. 76%a"&:
r".ca.%%a"ra!a-ece"ved Ma+ 21, 2011; Acceted ct'er 4, 2011.
C'+r"ht: Internat"'na& J'rna& '* Prevent"ve Med"c"neet"'nna"re that aeed the"r !n'=&ede, att"tde, and ract"ce reard"n the e '*
ant""'t"c and e&*6%ed"cat"'n.
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the"r ae ract"ce. In 'th the r', a =ea! d"rect &"near re&at"'nh" =a detected et=een
att"tde and ract"ce (rB0.243, rB0.238,P0.01) and a =ea! "nvere &"near re&at"'nh" =a een
et=een !n'=&ede and ract"ce (PB0.22) "n the h"h ch''& teacher r'.
Conclusions:
r re&t h'=ed that e&*6%ed"cat"'n and the "rrat"'na& e '* ant""'t"c =ere c'%%'n
a%'n h"h&+ edcated e'&e "n a c'%%n"t+ '&at"'n a%&e "n h"ra/, Iran. ence '* e&*6%ed"cat"'n.21E
rve+ have h'=n that att"tde t'=ard ant""'t"c d"**er a%'n c'ntr"e de t' var"at"'n "n
c&tre, ha"t, edcat"'n, and hea&th care 'ran"/at"'n.2E Acc'rd"n t' 'r &"teratre rev"e=, n'
rve+ t' date ha addreed the !n'=&ede, att"tde, and ract"ce t'=ard ant""'t"c e&*6%ed"cat"'n "n Iran"an h"h&+6edcated teach"n r'*e"'na&; ' =e de"ned the reent td+
t' "nvet"ate the re&at"'nh" et=een %ent"'ned *act'r "n a c'%%n"t+ a%&e '* th" trat%.
M'T(&S
&esign and setting
et"'nna"re.
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*ac&t+ %e%er at three n"ver"t"e *'r c"ence, *"ne art, and %ed"ca& c"ence, and 320
ec'ndar+ ch''& teacher, *r'% a t'ta& '* 2000, e&ected + rand'% c&ter a%&"n. @e ed
d"**erent a%&"n %eth'd ecae *ac&t+ %e%er ='r!ed at 'n&+ three &'cat"'n and"nterv"e="n the% =a tra"ht*'r=ard, =herea h"h ch''& teacher ='r!ed at center
d"e%"nated ="de&+ acr' the c"t+ =h"ch %ade *ace6t'6*ace c'ntact t"%e6c'n%"n "n a
="deread d"tr"t"'n.
&ata collection
Data =ere c'&&ected ="th a >et"'nna"re de"ned + the *"rt ath'r (MA). C'ntent va&"d"t+ =a
ver"*"ed + t=' c'%%n"t+ %ed"c"ne ec"a&"t. et"'n "n th" art, %"n"%% and %a"%% c're *'r the ract"ce art
=ere 0 and 1F (the h"her the c're, the h"her the rate '* e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c). et"'n "n the ract"ce art =a ed t' deter%"ne =hethere&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c had 'ccrred ="th"n the rev"' +ear.
Statistical analysis
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ent"re a%&e, 249 (5F.3) '* the re'ndent =ere %en. M't art"c"ant "n the *ac&t+ r'
=ere %en (104 "nd"v"da&, 8.4), t "n the teacher r' ='%en red'%"nated (1F4
"nd"v"da&, 53.2). Mean ae (LD) =a 40.2 (LF.48) +ear a%'n teacher and 45.93 (L9.08)+ear a%'n the *ac&t+ %e%er. ther de%'rah"c data are d"&a+ed "n et *'ra ec"*"c ant""'t"c (59, 30.F) ence '* e&*6
%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c, a&th'h th" d"**erence %a+ n't have een c&"n"ca&&+ "n"*"cant. In
da"&+ &"*e, h'=ever (".e., "n acta& ract"ce), the "rrat"'na& e '* ant""'t"c =a %'re c'%%'n
a%'n teacher (%ed"an; 3 v. 2) ence '* ad%"n"trat"n
ant"%"cr'"a& aent ="th't a recr"t"'n. In the att"tde art, 190 't '* 308 teacher (F1.F)and 80 't '* 134 (59) *ac&t+ %e%er =h' re'nded 'ta"ned an acceta&e c're (".e., 15)
"n att"tde t'=ard the "rrat"'na& e '* ant""'t"c. In the teacher r', =e *'nd a =ea! "nvere
c'rre&at"'n et=een !n'=&ede and ract"ce (rB0.218). A =ea! d"rect c'rre&at"'n et=eenatt"tde and ract"ce =a *'nd "n 'th teacher (rB0.343) and *ac&t+ %e%er (rB0.238).
&ISCUSSI%
e&ect"n an ar'r"ate ant""'t"c " the %a"n c'ncern "n %'dern %ed"c"ne and " tr'n&+
deendent 'n the c'rrect d"an'" '* the d"eae and ade>ate !n'=&ede '* ant"%"cr'"a&"e.1E "n ant""'t"c ="th't c'n"der"n thee *act'r " the %a"n cae '* the e%erence
'* re"tant %"cr''ran"%, a hen'%en'n that c'ntr"te t' ece"ve c't "n hea&th erv"ce.
1,FE n*'rtnate&+, de"te ant"%"cr'"a& '&"c"e =h"ch retr"ct the ava"&a"&"t+ '* ant"%"cr'"a&aent, e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c " t"&& h"h&+ reva&ent.2,5,22E
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/table/T1/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/table/T2/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/table/T3/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/table/T4/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/?report=printable#ref1http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/?report=printable#ref1http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/?report=printable#ref6http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/?report=printable#ref2http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/?report=printable#ref5http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/?report=printable#ref22http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/table/T1/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/table/T2/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/table/T3/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/table/T4/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/?report=printable#ref1http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/?report=printable#ref1http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/?report=printable#ref6http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/?report=printable#ref2http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/?report=printable#ref5http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530301/?report=printable#ref22 -
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Pr"'r t' an+ "ntervent"'n *'r r'%'t"n rat"'na& ant""'t"c ad%"n"trat"'n, "t " necear+ t'
deter%"ne the reva&ence '* e&*6%ed"cat"'n and the *act'r that c'ntr"te t' th" ract"ce.
ecae thee "e are ec"*"c *'r each c'ntr+, et"%at"n the %an"tde '* the r'&e% ="thde reard *'r &'ca&&+ "%'rtant *act'r ee% necear+. In th" td+, =e ea%"ned a a%&e '*
h"h ch''& teacher and n"ver"t+ *ac&t+ %e%er %a"n&+ ecae =e had n' data *'r thee
r' and a&' ecae the+ are rereentat"ve '* the edcated ect'r '* Iran"an 'c"et+. @eh+'the"/ed that the"r !n'=&ede, att"tde, and ract"ce c're ='&d e h"her than "n 'ther
t+e '* '&at"'n6aed a%&e. vera&&, the rate '* e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c dr"n
the reced"n +ear "n 'r a%&e =a 43. (4.1 a%'n teacher and 35.8 a%'n *ac&t+).ence '* "rrat"'na&
ant""'t"c e and ear ="tne t' the 't"%a& e**ect"vene '* re&at"'n *'r ant""'t"c
acce""&"t+. ate !n'=&ede '*
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and an ar'r"ate att"tde t'=ard the c'ne>ence. A%'n 'r art"c"ant, etter !n'=&ede
d"d n't re&t "n etter att"tde and ract"ce, "n c'ntrat t' the *"nd"n '* ear&"er td"e.23,33E
r rve+ had '%e &"%"tat"'n t+"ca& '* '&at"'n6aed >et"'nna"re rve+. ne ch&"%"tat"'n =a the re&"ance 'n e&*6re'rted rather than 'erved ant""'t"c e. @e ed a cr'6
ect"'na& %eth'd "n v"e= '* the aence '* data 'n !n'=&ede, att"tde, and ract"ce reard"ne&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c "n Iran. Nrther reearch aed 'n a r'ect"ve 'ervat"'na&
de"n h'&d he& t' 'verc'%e th" &"%"tat"'n. M're'ver, 'r a%&e =a c'n*"ned t' h"hch''& teacher and *ac&t+ %e%er =h' are n't rereentat"ve '* the ent"re Iran"an '&at"'n.
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d'=n&'aded 14.3.2011. Ava"&a&e *r'%: htt:SSa.=h'."ntS%ed"c"ned'cSd*S2218eS2218e.d*
.
10. G"& J, @an P. e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c: A '"&e cae '* acter"a& re"tance.Med +'thee. 2005;F5:10001. PMed: 1F002231E
11. Qr"'r+an G, rerh'* JQ, Deener J7, Decheer -, Gnd'r C, M'nnet DG, et a&.Deter%"nant '* e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c "n 7r'e:
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21.
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D"tr"t"'n '* de%'rah"c character"t"c "n the td+ '&at"'n
Table .
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-ea'n *'r e&*6%ed"cat"'n ="th ant""'t"c
Table /
Nre>enc"e '* c'%%'n cae *'r "n ant""'t"c
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Table 0
On'=&ede, att"tde and ract"ce "n the "rrat"'na& e '* ant""'t"c