iron warrior: volume 7, issue 4

8/14/2019 Iron Warrior: Volume 7, Issue 4

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July 986 The Engineering Society s Student Forum July 986

re king Away

It's not as easy as it looks JThe Ring Road Classic is more than just riding in circles as fast as you can.Accidents do happen but fortunately there are few injuries. Story page 14


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2 IRON WARRIOR

The Printed WordThis is my parting shot, my lastIron Warrior editorial. I know itwill be difficult, but at least t yto keep the tears from falling on the

page, or it will smudge before youget to read it. It has been said by,many people that newspapers are adying breed in the days oftelevision and the informationrevolution. Major city new papersdying out are a common enoughoccurrence to lend some credence tothis view. It would be a mistake,however, to let newspapers go theway of dinosaurs. Their role maybe changing, but they do providecertain neccessary things to society.For example, it is impossible towrap fish with a televison set, andit would get awfully expensive to

make a regular practice of lining thebird cage with computer terminals.With current levels of technology, itis still much easier to take anewpaper to a lecture than to take atelevision in. How many professorsdo you know that will let you watch

TV in the back row during theirlectures? Something to think aboutisn't it?That's the real strength ofnewspapers and the printed word -something to think about.Challenging ideas can be put forthon the page, and you don't have toingest them all between one roundof diaper commercials and anotherround of Michael Bell and TheBrick. You can read them at yourown pace, go away and think aboutthem, and come back at yourleisure. That's mostly what we triedto do with this term's Iron Warrior- give you something to thinkabout, and different ways oflooking a t things.I think it's important to 'havethese different perspectives. Theymake us better engineers, and on agood day, better people. But, to behonest, I didn't do this to makeeverybody better people. It wasimportant to me, and that made itworth doing.

Something to ThinkAboutThe professions of law ,medicine, and engineering have allbeen characterized as exercises infinding the best reference books: ifyou can get the answer from a booksomewhere, you've done your job,whether the answer is a precedentes tablished at the turn of thecentury, or a drug that will treat agiven set of symptoms, or acorrelational technique for solving aparticular system of equations.While I have nothing againstpublishers of reference books, I

think that it can be very easy to relyon those books to give the correctanswer, without really thinkingabout the problem - and that's aproblem. One UW alumnusremembers a guy he was workingwith who was looking for asolution to a heat transfer problem:he found a relation in a book thathad all his known variables on oneside of the equation, and hisunknowns on the other, and

The Iron Warrior is a forum for ideaspresented by the Engineering Societies ofthe University of Waterloo. Viewsexpressed in the Iron Warrior other thaneditorials. are those of the authors and donot necessarily reflect the opinions of theeditors or the Engineering Societies.The Iron Warrior welcomes allsubmissions from students. faculty, andother members of the universitycommunity. Articles, letters, and artworkshould reflect the concerns and intellectuallevel of the University in general.

proceeded to ge hi olution ,oblivious of the fact that theequation did not apply to thatsituation. What's more, I'm sureany of your professors can supplytales of woe about students who gotan answer from a computerprintout that didn't make sense, buthadn't been checked because, afterall, it came from a computer.The point is: it is not goodenough to say that a thing is somerely beacause it has been writtenon a piece of paper or printed by acomputer that has lots of reallysophisticated circuitry (and thatstatement apparently isn't asobvious as you would think itshould be). By all means, usereferences and computers: they areexcellent tools, and that's why wehave them. But keep in mind thatthey are intended as a supplement tothinking - not a substitute.

RONW RRIORAll submissions become the property ofthe r o ~ Warrior which reserves theright to refuse publication/circulation ofmaterial which it deems unsuitable. TheIron Warrior also reserves the right toedit grammar, spelling, and portions oftext that do not meet University standards.Authors will be contacted for any majorchanges that may be requ.ired.All submissions must be legible and mustinclude the author's name, class ifapplicable) and a phone number wherehe/she may be reached.

All submissions should be forwarded to:The Engineering SocietyCPR 1327ext. 2323/All advertising enquires should be directedto:The Advertising Managerc/o Engineering SocietyCPH 1327ext. 2323

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July 1986IRON WARRIORSTAFFEditorsPeter StubJeyftdMcGowanWritersMark DriedgerDave WhiteheadJeff WoodShayne SmithMark Sf. PierreTed CarltonAI McGowanTodd SprouleIan SmartSean MawBrenda ReiveSteve CornallHenriJulian FordCopy EditorsMichael Schatz

AQyertisingJames V. Abraham director)Todd RuthmanGreg KrebsTypesettingTom Lee Director)Richard nDavid WhiteheadFrancis ChowJames V. Abraham

LayoutJames V. AbrahamMIChael SchatzMark DriedgerRichard GoodwinJacqueline McKenzieCameron MahonTodd RuthmaniD AllanGuy R. BissonFrank Orsini

ArtworkPaul Arthurs


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July 1986 IRON WARRIOR 3

POETS rows gainIt is time to continue with ESSE(Engineering Society SpaceExpansion). Hold on , you mightsay, Isn't ESSE done with?ESSE is a project initiated in late1983 (and actually started in early1984), whereby the EngineeringSociety (collectively A and Bwould pay for the modifications ofexisting space for the use of theSociety. So far, a new C & D,POETS and Orifice are the resultsof the first stage of the project. Theproject is intended to take placeover many years with severalphases, each one being completedas time and money permits.The next proposed phase is an

extension to POETS, specifically anenclosure of the 'patio' area by theoutside exit. The glassed enclosurewould use the third-floor balconyas a roof with the intention ofmaking the area a carpetedlounge . Approximately 300 squarefeet will be added and the cost isestimated at $35,000.A lot of questions arise whenmoney like this is to be spent by astudent society for the purpose ofgetting more usable space. Themore relevant ones do requirediscussion.

It is the end of term again, andsoon we will all be in the throes offinal exams, nasty words in anylanguage. Even though we didn'tdo nearly as much work as we we'resupposed to during the term, wehaven't been wasting our time. Wehave managed to put out three goodissues of that wonderful icon of thejournalistic world, the IronWarrior. Some said it couldn't bedone, that it would never fly, butwe did it anyway.

We would like to especially thankthe directors of this publication forbasically beil)g there whenever weneeded them. Tom Lee deserves aknighthood for getting this thingtyped in every time, and layout surewent a lot smoother with LyndaWilson around. We also shouldn'tforget James V. Abraham, whowent to a lot of effort to convincepeople to give us their money, andMike McKechnie was a lifesaver inthe photo department. Nonewspaper should be without aPaul Arthurs. They can be quitehandy for filling those last littleblank spaces with something useful(gads, this thing is getting syrupy).We would also like to thankeverybody who wrote for theWarrior this term. They are thepeople who made the thing worthreading. And then there's the layoutpeople. The free pizza and beer issmall recompense for how goodthey made this paper look.

The second level proposal wouldbe next to impossible to license forThursdays and Fridays whereas theextension would not affect thepresent license.

Currently there is no facility,similar to the Hagey Hall Lounge orthe Psych Lounge, withinengineering to provide a space forevents such as class parties orreceptions. The extension toPOETS would be a carpetedlounge, lower than the tiled floorand i t would provide a betteratmosphere for reception-typeevents. It would also lead to moreafter-hours use of POETS.

Although the report on the WestIndies in last month's Iron Warriorcontained some valid points andwas probably well-meant, therewere many discrepancies. Ilearned from one of the writersthat most of the information wasobtained from a student whoattended university in Trinidad ten'years ago. More effort shouldhave been made to get .up-to-datefacts as there are Trinidadianstudents on campus.

A great emphasis is placed onhigher education in Trinidad.However, our lone Universitycan't accommodate everyone anddoes not offer certain specializedareas of study. As a result, WestIndian students are forced to goabroad and pay ridiculously highfees for a degree, which we wouldnot do if we really were notcareer oriented as was implied.True, some West Indian islandsexperience political instability butthis is not generally the casethroughout the region. In factTrinidad has had the samegovernment for the past thirtyyears.It is a pity that what could havebeen a decent article was tainted byusing obsolete information.Helen McKnight

The price is high, but it is theleast expensive option when oneconsiders the effective space gain.Valid questions are, Why shouldwe foot the entire bill? and Whatguarantees do we get with it?The space that EngSoc uses rightnow is allocated to the Dean ofEngineering, consequently, hehas allocated it to us. Any monieswe invest in this space may benefitus, but there is nothing to say that ifthe space is deemed absolutelyessential to something else, that itwill not be taken away. This is thetrade off for our rent-free space.However, if we invest money formodifications, we, in effect, make adonation to the University, and it

does the give the administration anobligation to guarantee us thespace. Fed Hall, the CC and the IceFields are other donations to theUniversity by the Feds (that's ustoo) and the POETS extension isjnthe same spirit; our investment inthe University gives us somecontrol over this space.It is a bold step for undergrads tobe financing their own space,especially when it is for an area thatserves not only as a study area butalso as a lounge and a pub.Although we should put up most of

D.L. Hanel wrote (May, 1986)that science and evolution attemptto provide models which consi. tently explain the wonders of the.universe and the development oflife on earth, respectively.Firstly, evolution cannot accountfor man's spirit, which enablesman to have charity and faith, andto reason, design, etc.

Consequently, evolution does noteven attempt to explain thedifferences between man and~ n i m a l as, for example, indicatedby man's space program 10comparison with the performanceof apes.

The development of plant andanimal life cannot be explained byevolution consistently, for lineagesof evolution are made uparbitraril y by similarity of fossilled

the money for this venture,additional funding may come fromother sources as the building doesnot actually belong to usOther options? The plan called forseveral phases to completion. Todate, a mix of Phases 1,2 and 4have been completed. The POETSexpansion was never considered inthe original plan, but neither wasthe awkward and uncomfortableshape of the new POETS.Another phase to connect thesecond floor hallway with the upperlounge was proposed, but problemswith existing columns were notconsidered, so the completion ofthis level would be more costly andless attractive than initially planned.The temporary offices in thesecond floor hallway were alsonever in the ESSE plan (oranyone's plan really).

The purpose of this spaceexpansion project is to makePOETS larger and more usable. Wewill pay for a significant portion ofit, but we will have to find sourcesfrom funding from other areas.Space costs money, and this seemslike the best return for ourinvestment at this stage in the plan.~ I~ ~ ~

bones only, because it isimpossible to ever know whichlifcform. have interbred andreproduced in a distant past.That science docs not attempt toexplain consistently the wondersof the universe is obviou,. sincethe laws of science arc based onkinks and are self-contradictory.One of the great paradoxes of

science is the electromagnetictheory and quantum physics;another is the mobility of relativityand the fixity of mechanics.As science flounders even inexplaining the current world, onemay also question the vast agesprovided by science for both theuniverse and life on earth.

1 SchroederCiv.Eng.

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4 . IRON WARRIOR July 1986

POINT COUNTERPOINTBuying Our Own Computers

by D ThompsonComputer fees will soon be athing of the past. That's good, but -we are still left with the problem ofinding enough money to supportthe computing facilities that weneed for our education . Thetraditional solution to underfundingis to try .to pressure governmentinto providing more money, but thefact is that recent governments havea dismal record of supportinghigher education, and they can berelied upon to be of little help. Wewill have to find some other way ofproviding for our education, and itis not going to get any easier.One solution is to have everyengineering student coming intofirst year buy a microcomputer. fevery student had their own micro,a large portion of undergraduatecomputing costs would be removedfrom the university budget, freeingthe money to be used elsewhere.For example, many courses usestudent CMS. These courses wouldbe done instead on the students'own i n i c r o ~ virtually eliminatingthe need for student CMS, freeingup the mainframes for use inresearch and for administrativetasks. The overhead for runningsuch courses would also beconsiderably reduced, because allthe student accounts would nolonger need to be set up andmaintained.The number of terminals thathave to maintained on campuswould also be reduced, becausestudents could do most of theirwork at home. This also helps twoproblems that the university has,reducing the maintenance costsbecause there will be fewerterminals, and also freeing up space

to be used for labs or graduatestudent offices. We're all familiarwith the tight space constraints thatthe university has, at least until thenew Davis Building opens,requiring the use of portables andthe closing off of hallways. Feweron-campus terminals would helpalleviate this problem.If the standard microcomputerschosen are IBM-PC-compatible,they could easily be used with theexisting W ATSTAR network,allowing access to the Sytek (Sytekis a communications network thatties together all the major computersystems on campus) network aswell. This would provide eachstudent with access to everymachine on campus, allowingaccess to the Sytek network aswell.There are oth er advantages to thestudents, besides the administrativeand maintenance savings for theUniversity. f each student hadtheir own microcomputer, it wouldbe with them all the way throughtheir university careers. By thetime the reached raduation, each

student will have accumulated nimpressi ve array of software, forboth personal use and solvingtechnical problems.The problem with the way thingsare now is that at the end of everyterm, all the software we have beenusing or have written disappears.There are also tools available to ushere that we cannot use in industry,simply because they do not existoutside the University computers.If every student had their ownmicrocomputer, most of thesoftware that they learn to use

would stick with them, boththrough university, and out into thereal world. Also, software writtenfor some courses often comes inhandy in a later course, andstudents would still have the actualprogram available to them, insteadof just the listing.This approach to doing thingswould cut down a lot on redundanttasks. Often, students have waysof customizing their accounts tosave time and make things easierfor themselves. Without their ownmicrocomputers, this becomes awaste of time because everything

they've done d i s p ~ at the endof the term, and is not there whenthe student returns to campus.Another advantage is thatstudents could do their ownresumes and keep them on file allthe time. This cuts down a lot onthe amount of the work thatstudents would have to do whenthey come back from a work term.Preparing a resume for interviewswould be the work of only n hour,tops, instead of an afternoon,minimum.A personal computer would also

make it much easier for students toprepare reports and essays.Students would no longer bedependent on finding a wordprocessor or typist at work to dowork reports, and lab reportswould be a lot easier to do.Basically, they would allowstudents to project a moreprofessional image while still beingeasier than the way they do thingsnow.Computer fees will soon be athing of the past, but that will stillleave us with the problem ofunderfunding for our education.Since we cannot rely on thegovernment to be of much help, weare p r o ~ l y going to have toshoulder more of the financialresponsibility for our owneducation. The major problem withcomputer fees is that we did not seeany return for our investment. Bybuying our own microcomputerscoming into our first year, wewould be lifting some of thefinancial burden from theUniversity, and doing it in a waythat provides us with many otherdirect advantages.

by DougT.Several universities, such asMcMaster and Queen's, alreadyforce - sorry, strongly recommendthat - their engineering students buytheir own computers, and it is beingconsidered at most otheruniversities, including Waterloo.With the fall of computer fees thereis going to be even more pressureon Waterloo to take such a step, butit would definitely be a step in thewrong direction. Many wouldargue that i f every student had theirown computer, it would helpalleviate the University'S chronicunderfunding problems. This iswrong both in the short term andlong term.First, the simple fact is that ifstudents were made to buy theirown computers, many studentswould not be able to come toWaterloo because they could not-afford it. Computers are alwayscoming down in cost, but we havegot to be talking at least a thousanddollars to get something ofsufficient power to be useful, eventaking into account the bulkdiscount that students would probably get though the University.Some students are alreadyfinancially strapped when they startuniversity. Their parents cannotsuppor t them,. and they have not

had time yet to build up somesavings with work term earnings.Loans are a popular solution, but itwill likely be difficult to convinceaSAP to come through withenough money to buy a computer,s well s paying tuition and livingexpenses.

What about students who alreadyhave their own computers, but arenot compatible with the softwareprovided for the chosen standardcomputer? They will findthemselves in the position ofowning a computer which isperfectly capable of handling alltheir assignments, but they won'tbe able to use the standard softwareprovided for other students with thestandard machine. They will have aperfectly good machine which theywill have to sell if they want to beable to take advantage of the sameresources as their peers.

Not everybody even wants tohave a microcomputer at home.Some of us spend enough time-arguing with labour - savingdevices at school and work, andthe last thing we want to see whenwe get home is another one. Thereis also the problem of co-opstudents having the tendency ofmoving every four months. Acomputer is just another piece offragile equipment to cart back andforth every four months.

Every student having their owncomputer is not even going to savethe University any money. In fact,it is going to cost even more. Notonly will the University have toprovide all the current facilities, butit will also have to provideworkstations of the standardmachine to allow students to workat school and also to demonstrateassignments. This extra cost wouldbe reduced somewhat by choosings the standard computer a machinecompatible with the existingWatstar network, but individualcomputers will not necessarilyallow the University to reduce theamount of computing facilities itneeds to provide.Underfunding of universityeducation is a major problem that isgoing to have to be solved one wayor another, especially now thatcomputer fees have been ruledillegal by the gove rnment Studentsshould expect to pay more for their

education, to take a little more ofthe responsibility themselves, butonly if it's going to help solveunderfunding and not increase it.The U n i v ~ r s i t y is also going tohave to come to some kind- 0decision about what computer weshould all buy in first year. This isnot going to be as easy as choosinga textbook, because availablecomputer systems are still evolvingrather rapidly . Whichevercomputer is chosen, it will probablybe obsolete within a few years.This means that the Universitywill have to periodically changethe computer it has chosel1 asthe standard machine. No matter .how much attention is given tocompatibility, the transitions are

still going to be difficult, and thereare going to be different machinesrunning around on campus at thesame time. Since one of the drivingreasons to get students to buy theirown computers is to try and keepup with new technology, thesechanges of system couldconceivably occur fairly often.Making all engineering studentsbuy their own computers uponcoming into first year would be amistake. The major reason is thatsome students simply could notafford to come here if that were aprerequisite. Such a step wouldmake Waterloo seem even more likean elitist school, and reduce ouraccessibility. We are going to haveto do something aboutunderfunding, but let's dosomething that will actually helpsolve the problem. Forcing allstudents to buy their owncomputers is not the way to go.


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Religion - Friend or Foe?by Dave Whitehead

Religion is a marvellous topic fordiscussion. No other topic exists. with as many different opinions.For proof of this, make a commentconcerning religion within anygathering. I guarantee that someonewithin earshot has a differentopinion.A dictionary definition isprobably more eloquent but, for thepurpose of this article, religion shallbe defmed as an individual's beliefsand mode of worship concerningthe powers of the universe.Religion is an individual belief.Thus religion should not be agoverned body. Nobody can say

whose beliefs are correct; I know Ican't. So why do we haveorganized religion? What purposedoes it serve?Religion has existed since ancienttimes, long before I was born.Since the ancient civilizationshadno control over the world aroundthem, the.y turned to more powerfulspirits to help them. As tribes grewin size, so did their need to controlthe world around them. Noteveryone could afford to devotetheir time to appeasing unrulyspirits and so a religious leader waschosen to do this job. Organizedreligion was created.Once religion was organized, itbecame a ruling body. Who wantsto upset a more powerful entity?Religion established sets of rules.for behaviour, the moral code of asociety. Since ancient times, thepro's of this argument have beentrue. Religion provides a governingbody and establishes a moral codefor a society. This is great; it ismuch easier to play a game onceone knows all the rules.Religions were formed all over

the world. The most amazing thingabout this is that the very basicmoral codes upon which religionsare based are similiar for allreligions. As the populations grewthe religions grew with them,becoming more and more complex.

The trouble began whencivilizations began to intermingleDifferent religions just don't agreewith each other. Each separatereligion felt the other group waswrong, offended their gods andshould be removed in order toappease the gods. This polarizedreligions, amplifying the situation.What has all this got to do withthe modern world and modernreligion? Actually, quite a lot. Sure,you haven't gone out slaughteringheathens in the last couple ofweeks. However, I'm sure youaren't too pleased when religiousfanatics bomb a plane.Western religions tend to believemore in quiet action of late. ThePope even visited England.However, religion has a history ofbloodshed and violence dating fromthe Crusades to Ireland andLebanon. Not bad for an institutionbased. on rules like "Love thyNeighbour" .Western religions base them-selves on a wonderful book calledThe Bible. Sure, this isn't exactlyrevealing news. However, whenone reads this book one finds many

contradictions and holes in i t Thiscan be passed off as being the resultof its age (mine was printed 10years ago) and the way the infor-mation was gathered. However fora book that says that all men arecreated equal, it is amazingly sexist.The women in the book tend tospend most of their time"begetting". This has tended tomake the religions and subse-quently society itself sexist, aproblem which only in recenthistory is beginning to be solved.It is essential for anything basedon personal beliefs to have freedom

of choice. Religions do not providesuch an opportunity. A person isborn into a faith. Generally, by thetime a person is old enough to makea decision for themselves they havealready been established in theirreligion of birth. I was born into the

Win Fame and Fortune - be a part of EngSoc

Church of England and personally,I would prefer to be ancient Greek.That group had a blast with theirreligion. Maybe the best way tohandle the situation would be togive a general introduction toreligion until a person is abouttwelve or thirteen and then let themspecialize in whatever religion theylike.Another interesting factconcerning religions is the ease inwhich they are formed. Two greatexamples of this are the Church ofScientology and the Church ofEngland . The Church ofScientology was formed by L. Ron

Hubbard on a bet. The Church ofEngland, on the other hand, wasformed so an English king I thinkit was Henry VITI, but don't quoteme on that) could get a divorce.These are wonderful bases for. religions.Western religions have someinteresting interpretations of theGood Book. A sixteenth centuryPope combined his interpretationwith a decline in the fishing. industry to decree that fish must beeaten on Friday. Amazing. TheCatholics have somehow got aruling of no birth .control out of theGood Book; where it says that I'llnever know.The bit that really amazes me is

the idea of confession. Now, this isa wonderful idea. When youcommit a terrible sin, you confess itto a priest. This priest now givesyou a penance to do and you areabsolved of all guilt. I can just see amass murderer in Church saying,"Oh well, I shot four or five peopleyesterday," being told to say three"Hail Mary's" and leaving, ab-solved of all guilt. Now, personallyI don't want to meet this guyif/when I get to heaven.So, what conclusions can bedrawn from all this? Goodquestion. Religions provide a rulingbody and a moral code for all to

follow. They also promote conflict,sexism, take away individualbeliefs, and have some strange anddoubtful rules. Two conclusionscan be drawn. The first is thatorganized religion, although awonderful source of morals, mustalways be examined with respect toone's personal beliefs.The second conclusion is that myoriginal theory is true. Religion is amarvellous topic for discussion.After all, many of you are indisagreement with me and Imanaged to write three pages on a

topic I professed to knowiBnothing about, when I startedwriting this article, two and a halfhours ago. Good night, and mayyour god go with you

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6/20

6 IRON WARRIOR July 1986

IW Road Tests HP Lap Topsby Jeff Wood

Have you ever wondered whatwas in those little black vinyl casesthe 3A Mechanical class (and 600other students in classes rangingfrom Rec to Math) have beencarrying around?

The Lap Portables are being usedthis term as an experiment by thedepartment of MechanicalEngineering . The purpose of theexperiment, from what I can see, isto evaluate a portable computer as ateaching tool, and to evaluate theHewlett Packard version as acandidate for the time when all firstyear engineers will be required to buy their own computer. Rumourhas it that this could be as early asthe fall of '88.This four-month trial was also anevaluation period for HP, who arestill in the market research phase ofdevelopment of their entry into theportable market. A representativefrom HP came to Waterloo recentlyfor a round table discussion with ahandful of 'Guinea Pigs' and thetwo professors, Dr.Davidson andDr.Sullivan, who have been usingthe computers for NumericalAnalysis and Thermodynamics I Irespectively. There were a number

of points, both good and bad, tocome out of the discussion.First, some basics of thecomputer. The version of thecomputer given to us for the termhad a 24x80 character LCD screenwith a 3: 1 contrast ratio, a fulltypwriter keyboard with eightfunction keys and a total of 512Kof internal memory. More

importantly, from a student's pointof view, it was small enough to fitinto the average-sized backpackwith a clipboard or even a smallbinder if you left the carrying caseat home; it was light enough to

carry to Sunnydale without havingto change hands too many times;and it withstood 10 G's in the droptest so you didn't have to treat itlike a carton of eggs. In fact theonly thing we had to worry aboutwas the $250 deductible insuranceif we lost them or threw them out asecond-storey window.Unfortunately, of the points

brought up in the meeting, thenegative comments seemed tooutnumber the positive ones. Themost notable problem with thesemachines was the lack of software.When we first received thecomputers, we had an outdatedversion of Watcom Fortran andBasic which had been converted torun on the HP's. Although wedownloaded the software from an

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IBM PC, none of the softwarewould run on the HP because of thedifferences in the BIOS used in thetwo machines. This also meant thatany software you may have for aPC would not run on the portables.

As the term progressed,more was gradually made availableto us. We were given WP (a wordprocessor), Pascal and a form ofdatabase manager called Watfile.What was even better, however,was the fact that documentation forall these wonderful things started tosurface. It made trying to do thingslike editing a file so much easierwhen you knew what thecommands were.

The software isn't HP's problem,and you can't really blameW ATCOM either. Who else couldyou get to change the IBM softwarefor us without it costing an armand a leg? There were only a fewphysical restrictions to the machinesthemselves, for all of which HPhad a solution (for the appropriatenumber of dollars). The firstproblem was memory size. 512Ksounds like it should be more thanenough, but when you have to storetwo languages on top of theprogram you write, it doesn't takelong to fill. In fact, you couldn'tstore both BASIC and FORTRANat the same time. This meant thatyou had to do one assignment inone language, go to school, print itoff, load the other language, andthen do that assignment. For this,there were two solutions. The firstwas a simple expansion from 512Kto 2M of memory. The second waseven better, a portable mass storageunit that uses 3 2 inch diskettes tothe tune of far too many dollars tomention here. It should be noted,however, that once you own yourportable disk drive, you can alsohook anyone of the HP-41C familyto it as well. In fact you can evenhook your calculator directly intoyour computer: I don't know whyyou would, but you can.

The second drawback to thesemachines was the lack of means tosa ve data on something other thanour JANET accounts at school.

Again, the portable disk drivewould fix that, but HP is the onlycompany to put out a portable thatdoesn't have at least one drive builtinto it. This would enable you toput all of your programs ondiskette, and instead of having tocarry your computer with youeverywhere, you could simply putyour programs and data on disketteand slip it into your pocket

The final gripes are not quite asserious as the first two but they dodeserve a mention here. First of all,the screen. The one really truepicture in the photo essay is theshaving mirror. Apparently, HP. has an 8: 1 screen that would makethings a bit easier on the eyes, butthe 3: I screen that we have now canonly be seen at certain anglesmaking it impossible for someoneto look over your shoulder and seeanything. Secondly, for those whowant to spend a little more time andwork with the 'insides' of thecomputers, there was no technicalinformati on provided in theowner's manual

There, I'm finished griping. NowI'll tell what the majority of theclass liked about them.For anyone who doesn't own orhave the use of a computer at home,the portables were a Godsend .There were many horror storiesfrom previous years' students ofspending long nights at school, firstwaiting for a computer and thendoing the assignment. Not us.Although the portability was nice Ityped a good portion of this articlesitting out in the sun leaning againstEL) (after the deadline - ed.), justbeing able to do an assignment athome was a definite plus. That's

only one point, but if you thinkabout the amount of time youprobably already spend in acomputer lab, you'll appreciatewhat I mean.Now, what would 'you pay forthis amazing machine? Don'tanswer. I f you act now... Actually,HP gets to claim $6500 on their taxwrite-off, but the approximate lis tprice is reported to be around4500 .For what you get at themoment, I don't think it's worth itfrom an engineering point of view.For the travelling salesman whoneeds to access large amounts of

data on the road, it's an ideal tool,but it should still have a built-indisk drive.I think: I should say in closingthat I didn't mean to sound asfacetious as I'm sure many peoplewill think I have been. They aregood machines, but they arerelatively new and need time todevelop some more before they canbe truly useful as an engineeringtooL Give them a couple of years.

ee page 15 for photo es ilY


7/20

July 986 IRON WARRIOR 7The thics of Fusion

by Shayne SmithTHE POLITICS OFFUSION

To a great extent, the success ofany long term research effort isdependent upon the current politicalclimate. It is no secret that longterm research projects withoutshorter term benefits are the first tosuffer as a result of any budget cutsor government cost-cuttingmeasures.Politicians tend to maintain aterm-of-office timeframe whichis, at best, only five years. It isgenerally perceived that the votersmust see results within this short

time in order for support tocontinue. As engineers, especiallywith developments such as fusion,we may not see a particular conceptreach fruition for several decades.Many years of research, design anddevelopment are required to supportany commercial technical activity.In Canada, the Department ofEnergy, Mines, and Resources isthe chief funding branch forgovernment-sponsored researchand development. For the currentfiscal year, the total departmentalbudget is approximately $93 millioneM) compared to the $177 M lastyear. Over 77% of our currentbudget will be spent on alternateenergy activities. Fusion researchhas been allotted $8 M of this tosupport the activities of theCanadian Fusion Fuels TechnologyProject (administered by OntarioHydro - $2 M and the Tokamak deVarennes Project (undertaken byHydro Quebec - $6 M).To contrast these numbers withthe U.S., $333 M will be spent ontheir magnetic fusion programalone, which in itself represents acut of $50 M from last year. The

Inertial Confinement Program wasslaughtered with a cut of $133 M,taking it to only $22 M this for thisyear. the U.S. Department ofEnergy weapons budget, however,was asked to restrain growth to3%. It is expected that this money,along with the ever-plentiful moniesof the U.S. Department of Defensewill effectively buoy up the Inertia)Confinement Program.

In his speech dated March 23,1983, Ronald Reagan announcedhis intent to develop the StrategicDefence Initiative (More commonlyknown as the Star Warsprogram). The effects, as we haveseen, have been dramatic. The lureof plentiful funds has enticed manyscientists and academics to leavetheir u r r n t institutions (includingWaterloo) to support thedevelopment of the U.S. military. program.

It is speculated that this defenseprogram involves inertial fusionresearch to some extent. Theapplications for generating high

energy particle and laser beams arevery apparent. This is frustrating,inthat many of the developments andachievements associated withinertial fusion remain blanketedwith secrecy and strictly classified.

The Future

The program is funded byOntario Hydra, Atomic Energy ofCanada Ltd., and the Province ofOntario. Within the last four years,the CFFfP has established itself asan international participant in thefusion effort. Future plans includethe continuing development of thefive main technological areas,participation in several upcomingdesign studies, continued supportof overseas attachments, andencouragement in overall Canadianparticipation in research.

fusion, as compared to advancedfission, requires that we take acareful look at what each can offer.As far as the benefits of fusion areconcerned, I can offer someinformation. The following is a listof expected benefits of fusion overfission.1 Larger Power Yield : About8-10 times more energy is liberatedby the fusion process than by thefission process for the same amountof fuel.2) Availabili ty of Fuel:Deuterium is available with littletrouble from water, which isessentially inexhaustible. Normalwater contains 143 ppm of D20.Tritium can be produced from theirradiation of deuterium or lithium.It is currently produced as anun wanted by-product in ourCANDU generating stations.3 Commercial spinoffs:The commercial viability of Fusion reactors will create the veryToroidal Field Coil Systems hl'gh temperatures needed + t Ifusion may very well take several lor S eedecades to be established. production and to produceRegardless of how optimistic the commercial quantities of hydrogenscientific community is now, the THE ETHICS OF gas to substitute our dwindling

possibility always exists that FUSION natural gas reserves.fusion, as an industry, may never 4) Environmental Effects:materialize. The horror stories about the Fusion devices will produce fewerThe fIrst exciting milestone to bereached is the modelling of thebreak-even condition. TheLawson Criterion has still to be metby a single machine. Once this hasbeen achieved, current machineswill be upgraded to handle thedeuterium-tritium fuel mix. Of thefour leading projects in the world(TFTR, JET, JT-60, T-15) noneare currently equipped for tritiumwhich is an essential ingredient inthe achievement of truebreak-even . Tritium upgrading isscheduled for J ET and TFTR at theend of the decade and will representa significant step forward.The second and third

generation of Engineering TestReactors look very promising.These proQf of principlemachines will establish thefeasibility of fusion and will attemptto model some aspects of acommercial faciIi ty. These-generations include the NET (NextEuropean Torus) project as well asthe expected RGI international testmachine. NET is scheduled forconstruction in 1992. this date isconditional upon development ofthe Compact Ignition Torus (CIT)at Princeton University (slated for1990-1994) which will helpestablish some of the NEToperating parameters.

The effort in Canada, althoughcomparatively small, includes theCanadian Fusion Fuels TechnologyProject established in 1982 tosecure for Canada a position in thefusion development scene. TheCFFTP is focussed on five maintechnological areas: tritiumhandling, triti.um breeder blanket,materials, safety and environment,and transfer to Canadian industry.

nuclear industry prompt one to radioactive by-products and will notquestion whether or not the release chemical contaminants.development of advanced Irradiated wastes will have half-technologie will succeed in lives considerable shorter ' thancreating new hazards and new those produced in the j ~ g i o ndangers for mankind. Although process. Although a radiationmany cases are essentially related to hazard does exist, it is currentlymismanagement, they are generally estimated that it will be severalperceived by the public as a futher orders of magnitudes less thandamnation of our meddling with conventiona1 nuclear systems.science and specifically on the 5) Criticality: Th re i no sllchnuclear industry. thing as a melt-down for a fusion

Regardless of how sound anygiven technology may be, it isimportant to remember that it winbe used and misused by those inindustry. As humans , we willalways be imperfect, andineffecien tt a'nd forgetful.Murphy's Laws have taught us tobe wary. So it goes.

I'm not using this line of thoughtto criticize or discredit the nuclearindustry. I'm doing it to make youthink about fusion, now that youknow a little bit about it. Withfusion, we are very close to thesame st age that fIssion technologywas back in 1942, with theachievement of uranium fission in acrude graphite pile under a Chicagofootball stadium.Fusion, and everything it implies

is in its infancy. There are manyquestions: will its developmentbetter mankind, or create moredangerous problems? Advancedfission fuel-cycle systems lookepromising, and might provesufficient fOI another couple ofhundred years.I don't pretend to have the correctanswers to these questions. I care alot about the future and thedevelopments which affect it most.To assess the long-term impacts of

reactor. The plasma does notcontain enough heat energy to meltits container. Instead, the gas.would coo) down and the processwill stop instantly.6 Direct Conversion: Usingfusion techniques, it should becomepossible to produce electricity bydirect conversion technology whichis 'more efficient.7) No , Fission Products:Fusion systems do not generate themegacuries of nuclear wastesand/or produce critical problems ofaf terheat remova l that fissionsystems do.8) No Weapons by.Products:The by-products of magnetic fusionwill be unsuitable for weaponpurpOses.

As engineers,we have a responsibility to the public and to theenvironment. Whether you have aguilty conscienee or not, your ,actions must be accountable.Altruism aside, I think we owe it toourselves not to screw up the worldany more than it already is. In anytechnology that you becomein.volved with, as scientists, asengineers, as physicists, it isi m p ~ r t n t to be aware of theimplications of yOur work.Among other things, it'simportant to be able to sleep atnight.


8/20

8 IRON WARRIOR July 986The Problem with Flight 51 Lby Mark St. PierreOn February 3 1986, PresidentReagan ordered a commission t

i n v e s t i ~ t e the tragedy which hadoccurred over the coasto Floridasix days earlier. This Commissioncomprised people who have playeda large role in building the UnitedStates space program, includingAmerica s most famous test pilot,NASA s first female astronaut, andthe first man to walk on the moon.Months o nvestigation, testimony,and analysis o telemetry data andstacks o photographs documentingthe disaster were brought togetherin a 256-page report, on which thisarticle h s been based.

On November 20th, 1973,Morton Thiokol Inc. was selectedby NASA to design and build thelargest solid rocket booster (SRB)ever produced in the United States.This could perhaps be regarded asthe starting date for the chain ofevents which led to the shuttlefailure.Aerojet Solid Propulsion Co ,Lockheed Propulsion Co., andUnited Technologies were also inthe bidding for the SRB contract.However, as is the case in manyjob contracts, the company with thelowest bid received the go-ahead. Infact, NASA also gave Morton

Thiokol's joint design specialmention.In the Thiokol design, the SRB'sare assembled from four segmentsduring a stacking operation at theKennedy Space Centre in Florida.A field joint , consisting of twoO-rings 0.28 inches in diameter, ismade where the segments are joined(see diagram). Initial compressionof the O-rings is determined by thewidth of the gap between the tangof the upper rocket casing and theclevis formed by the lowercasing. These O-rings were

designed in the belief that theywould never be affected by the hotgases from the motor (the SRB is arocket in which a solid, rubberypropellant is burned: this reactioncannot be stopped after ignition).Tests and inspections of the fieldjoints flown on shuttle flightsshowed, however, that the O-ringswere being damaged, and evenburned. The reaction of both NASAand Morton Thiokol was to increasethe level of damage to the O-ringsthat qualified as acceptable .In 1977, a hydroburst test (inwhich the steel casings were filledwith water at 1500 psi in a strengthtest) showed the casings to beadequate. However, the test resultsalso showed that the tang and theinside clevis bent away from eachother, contrary to designpredictions. A decrease in pressureon the O-ring had occurred, whichwas not what the engineers hadexpected. Later, Thiokol personnelconcluded that further tests wereunnecessary, because theybelieved the tests did not provethat joint rotation would cause

Segment Tang

Leak Test PortPlug and Packing

Grease BeadPinRetainer Clip

PinRet iner Band IClevis Pin

Segment CleviS

significant problems . A MarshallSpace Flight Centre engineersubmitted a report on thehydroburst test and concluded thatnot changing the Thiokol designwould be unacceptable. Seeingthis, the chief of the Solid RocketMotor branch at Marshall sent amemo to his superior emphasizingthe need to redesign the joint. Ayear passed, and no reply wasmade, so the chief wrote a secondmemo strenuously objecting toThiokol's design. In this secondmemo, he stated that the clevisjoint secondary O-ring seal hasbeen verified by tests to beunsatisfactory. No reply to thismemo was ever made, either.

In November of 1981, the secondtest flight of the Space ShuttleColumbia was executedsuccessfully. Upon subsequentinspection of the SRB field joints(the SRB separates from the shuttletwo minutes and 12 seconds afterlaunch, and is recovered from theAtlantic Ocean and refurbished tobe used on another flight), it wasnoticed that the primary O-rings hadbeen eroded by hot gases. This wasnot reported to the Flight ReadinessReview Panel for the next Shuttleflight in March 1982.In the summer of 1982,management personnel at theMarshall Space Flight Centreconcluded that the secondary O-ringwould be considered no longerfunctional if joint rotation occurredafter only 40% of operationpressure had been reached afterignition. The joints were classifiedas Criticality 1 , which applies tocomponents of the shuttle that arenot redundant, and whosemalfunction would cause acatastrophic failure. After a shuttleflight in February 1984, Mortron

Propellant

Secondarya Ring

Propellant

Thiokol submitted a report toMarshall stating that joint rotationmeasured in tests indicated that thesecondary O-ring would maintainits seal, and showed confidence thatthe O-ring was in fact an adequatebackup device.

A year before the Challengerexplosion, a shuttle took off fromKennedy Space Centre, and jointerosion occurred in both solidboosters. (Two types of erosioncan occur: impingement, where theO-ring has seated and a jet of hotgases removes a portion from it;and blow-by, which occurs whenthe O-ring is improperly seated andthe edge is eroded as hot gases flowaround it.) In this instance, theambient temperature at launch was53O and was the lowest everexperienced.

As a result of this, MortonThiokol performed a series ofresiliency tests on the O-rings atvarying temperatures. Theysimulated the compression and

subsequent casing expansionaround the field joint. Theirfindings were as follows: at100F, the O-ring maintainedcontact (with its seat); At 75F, theO-ring lost contact for 2.4 seconds;at 50F, the O-ring did notre-establish contact in ten minutes,at which time the test wasterminated. That August (1985),Thiokol submitted a report toNASA detailing concepts andredesigns that would solve the SRBsealing problems. In October of thatyear, Morton Thiokol engineerssent two memos to theirmanagement, complaining about thelack of cooperation they werereceiving while designing andtesting the new SRB joints. Onememo actually began with the word"HELP ". The author of that memolater told fellow engineers atThiokol that he was so concernedabout the O-ring problem that hefelt that they should not ship anymore SRB motors to NASA untilthe problem was solved.

At 2:00 pm on 27 January, lessthan 24 hours before the proposedChallenger flight, weather forecastspredicted that the launch windowwould be clear but the temperaturewould be in the low twenties foreleven hours through the night. Ateleconference was set up betweenThiokol engineers and personnel atMarshall and Kennedy. TheThiokol engineers simply stated thatthey would not recommendlaunching below 53F.

Later, at a meeting betweenmanagement and engineers atThiokol, two engineers rose fromtheir places and walked to the headof the table. They began sketchingdiagrams to illustrate theirconcerns , but gave up when itbecame apparent that no one waslistening. That night, Thiokolmanagement assured NASA thatthey had reassessed the problemand found that, althoughtemperature effects were a concern,Morton Thiokol would give thego-ahead for the launch.

The next morning was January28th, 1986.


9/20

July 1986 IRON WARRIOR 9Underfunding onference Success

by Peter StubleyThe University of WaterlooFederation of Students hosted aconference to discuss the underfunding issue on the weekend ofJuly 11-13. Attending theconference were students fromYork, Western, Toronto, andQueen's (to name a few), andrepresentatives from severalprovincial and federal groups.According to the President of theOntario Federation of UniversityFaculty Associations, never hasthere been a greater need foruniversities and the government towork together. Dr. Starkeypointed out, however, that federaltransfer payments to Ontario will

only exist in the form of tax creditsby the mid-1990's, with no realmoney changing hands - and thatwon't help universities. How canwe comp.ete with our major tradingpartners If the Feds are going to tieour hands behind our backs? ,asked Starkey.Dr. Starkey went on to say thatthe long term results of theunderfunding are well known:crowding, limited access to librariesand resources, and faculty talentsand time are stretched thinly. Thisis a shared problem betweenstudents, professors, high schoolteachers, etc. We have got to breakdown barriers and present acommon front, such as thisconference. We also have toimprove the image of universities.Many people think that universitiesare glorified high schools, andthey're not. We've got to explain tothe people on the streets that theuniversities are not consumers, butgenerators of wealth. We must also

F' lgure 1INDEX OF' EXPENDITURES PER CLIENT SERVED IN ONTARIO1 9 7 7 - 7 8 to 1984 - 85(In Constant Dollars)

2 0

l iD

e. ~ : : - ~ - : : - : - : : : . = ...-. . Adult Of f . nd . . . .]S 00 :: - ................ . .. .........-, ......... : ...... .........0.E

, , -, ---------Untv., . . t l l00 - - . - coli;A.-;-

7 a ~ - - ~ ~ - - ~ - - - - _ - - - - - - ~ - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - ~71 -7 . 7 . -1 . 71-eoemphasize to politicians the centralnature of the universities. I f we aregoing to compete in f ~ e e trade, giveus the tools.

Dr. Sayers, of the Council 'ofOntario Universities, feels that theprovincial government is notaddressing the problem with theircurrent approach to funding.Targeted funding , or funding forspecific projects (like the DavisComputer Research Building)represents a threat to the autonomyand flexibility of univer itie ,Sayers said, adding that theuniversities should emphasize theimportance of base funding(financial sup.port for operationcosts) and assist the government inimproving their understanding ofuniversity affairs. Sayers also feelsthat the Minister of Colleges andUniversities should be an advocatefor the universities in the provincialcabinet. Until now, this has not

. - 12been the case, and we should not beexpecting it to happen. An advocateof some kind is required, andSayers suggests corporateexecutives, university alumni, andthe student body.

Matt Certosimo, representing theOntario Federation of Students,brought up the issue ofaccessibility. Given that someonehas less money, they have to decidewhere their budget will be cut. Theissue of quality being put up againstaccessibility is where underfundinghurts the mo t. One of the waysuniversities can reduce costs is tolimit the number of students theyaccept, when they feel that they canno longer provide a qualityeducation to their students.High school students do notknow about lhe underfundingproblem before they get touniversity, according to ChasBirkett, an Aurora High SchoolFunding the uture

by Ted CarltonThe Fund the Universities, Fundthe Future conference, held hereby the Federation of Students, wasorganized to examine the questionof underfunding in Ontariouniversities. Its outcome can besaid to be a recognition by allparticipants that the problem is real,that the community at large isunaware of the problem, and thatmembers of the universitycommunity must aggressively maketheir case to the Ontario public if theuniversity system is to receiveincreased levels of funding.Some of the major difficulties inthe funding debate are definingwhat underfunding is, anddetermining its effects on thequality of education. It is notenough to point to statisticsshowing Ontario tenth out of tenprovinces in per-student funding:the connection between this statisticand the quality of educationreceived by each student has to bemade. However, this connection is

very hard to quantify and may bethe reason for public indifference tothe issue. How does one measurethe loss to engineering and mathfaculties when their top professorsleave Canada for the United Statesbecause of better facilities andbigger research budgets? How doesone measure the difference ineducation received by an Arts classof 300 people with an examinationwritten on a computer card versus aclass of 30 people where,presumably, a closer studentprofessor relationship exists andhigher quality work is demanded?While the answers to these (andmany other) questions are hard toquantify, they have the cumulativeeffect of decreasing the quality ofeducation recei ved by all of us inthe university system. What are theconsequences of this decline? Aswas pointed out by several speakersat the conference, the economies ofthe West are entering theinformation age and Canada, in

particular, is preparing to enter intofree trade with the United States.Our ability to compete internationally is no longer dependenton our natural resources but on ourability to effectively managetechnical change. This, of course,will depend on the intellectual skillsof our university graduates. Statedsimply, our standard of livingtwenty years from now will bedetermined by our investment ineducation today.This is the case that must be takento the Ontario public, because -unfvli.unately - the fact that our caseis strong does not in itself guaranteeaction by the government. Issuessuch as health care, secondaryschools, and community projectsare much more visible to theaverage Ontarian and are therefore,more attractive politically. It is ourjob to make university funding asvisible and as politically importantas these other issues. Effective newlobbying strategies must be devised

student. It's not apathyignorance. We are concerned aboutjust getting in, not underfunding.High school students tend to be alot more worried about what marksthey need to get in, without reallythinking about the cost.Therefore, said Birkett, the highschool students have to beeducated. The problem is in theirfuture as well as your present.Another part of the problem is thefinger -pointing runaround.Although funding of education isconstitutionally a provincialresponsibility, the federalgovernment is also involved. It isoften difficult to nail down thesource of the problem, because thefederal government points at theprovinces, and the provinces pointat the federal government. Transferpayments from the federalgovernment form a significantportion of provincial support foreducation, but the recent Bill C-96drops transfer payments by $2billion. Some provinces taketransfer payments targeted foreducation and spend them onsomething . else. With paymentsdecreasing, the provincialgovernments will have to decidewhether they are going to spend themoney to have more students, ormore hospital beds.

The underfunding conference, thefirst of its kind, was considered tobe a success by all the attendees.Since the underfunding problem islikely to get worse before it getsbetter, conferences of this type,which draw on wide bases ofsupport nnd expcrience, arc goingto becomc even mor' vaJuabl b th. 'm pressuring government for moresupport, and finding new solutionsto the problem.

to raise the profile of universityfunding.The most important result of theconference was the formation of anew coalition of student leaders,university administrators, anduniversity faculty, who can togetherlobby the provincial government.With a new budget being deliveredin November and a provincialelection expected within the year,this is a very important time to raisestudent concerns. A positive andconstructive student run effort on

this issue can be very successful.Credit should be given to ScottForrest for showing real leadershipon this issue in organizing thisconference. Each one of us canhave a role to play in this debate.By raising the issue in our homecommunities, by writing our MPP,and by giving a public show ofsupport when it is needed, we canall help to raise the level of fundingfor Ontario universities.


10/20


Feature Interview:by I McGowan

Ms. MacKay-Lassonde is thePresident of the APEO (Associationof Professional Engineers ofOntario) for 1986/87 We spokewith her in her office at OntarioHydro in Toronto, where sheworks as the Manager of the LoadForecastJ)epanrnentIW: We all know the textbookdefinition, but what, in yourview, does i t mean to be aprofessional?M-L Well, you know that in thetextbook definition , we, as 'engineers, have a professional dutyto consider public safety as being ofprimary importance, which impliesthat we should act responsibly, weshouldn't be careless in our work -all of those things that are spelledout in the Code of Ethics. Thisresponsibility means that we can besued, or disciplined in some otherway, for negligence orincompetence, as is the case withthe other professions like law andmedicine: there are cases on recordwhere an engineer has givenfriendly advice to a neighbour, onlyto be sued when (in those cases) thedesign failed. Belonging to aprofessional licensing body like theAPEO reflects that responsibility.IW: What does the APEO doto encourage professionalismamong engineers? Again,we're more interested in yourdefinition.M-L: The most important thing torealize is that we are not there toprovide a service to engineers,which [ think is a commonmisconception concerning theAPEO. know that many engineersask, What do get for my (yearlymembership fee of ) $65? , but thisis the wrong way to look at it. TheAPEO is there to protect the public,and that is it's primary function. Itdoes this by disciplining engineerswho act in an unprofessionalmanner, by making sure that peoplewho to be engineers reallymengineers, and by ensuringtechnical and ethical competence inour members.IW: How can the Associationensure that engineers will betechnically or ethicallycompetent?M-L: That sounds like it might be aleading question.IW: t is.M-L: Well, anyone who wants topractice engineering in this provinceis tested on their knowledge.of theethical and legal aspects of theprofession before they can belicensed as Professional Engineers,

and that screens out those peoplewho have what you might call a badattitude toward their responsibilitiesas e n ~ i n e e r s As far as the technicalside IS concerned, the candidatesfor membership must have sixyears of engineering-relatedexperience, four of which can be atuniversity. f hey are not graduatesfrom a recognized engineeringprogram, they are tested on theirtechnical knowledge. Through theCCPE (Canadian Council ofProfessional Engineers) and theCanadian Accreditation Board, wereview the curricula of all CanadianuniverSItIes to ensure thateducational standards are beingmaintained. We try to reflect whatindustry needs in terms of a desiredlevel of technical expertise.Naturally, we can't dictate touniversities as to what they shouldbe teaching, but we may decide toset certain educational standardsand then license only graduatesfrom universities that meet thosestandards.

IW: Do you see any need foreducational changes? Arethere some skills that theuniversit ies should beemphasizing more than theyare?M-L: Nothing has shown up interms of serious weaknesses, as faras I know. I personally can see aneed for upgrading, or some kindof continuing education, that wouldallow engineers to keep abreast ofnew technology, which is changingall the time. It is very easy tobecome obsolete in a technicallyoriented profession. I suppose thebiggest problem, the thing thatemployers notice the most, iscommunication skills like reportwriting and making presentations.Not having these skills can holdsome engineers back in theadvancement of their careers, sothat they never reach the higherlevels of management. The result ofthis is organizations where thesenior management people have no

understanding of engineeringproblems, which can affectefficiency and productivity. Now, Iwouldn't say that (Ontario) Hydrois an example of that, because manyof our managers have anengineering background, but Iknow that there are cases like that.IW: Now that some of thedust has settled, what are themain changes in theProfessional Engineers Act,as compared with the oldAct?M-L: The changes resulting fromBill 123 give the Association moreteeth to enforce disciplinaryaction. For example, if we want tobring someone to a disciplinaryhearing, we can use their files asevidence in the hearing, which wecouldn't do before. The Code ofEthics is spelled out more clearly,and the inconsistencies have beencleared up.

IW: Has anything beendecided regarding the professional liability insurancerequirement that arose fromBill 123?M-L: Our intention in bringing inthe insurance requirement was, Ithink, a valid one: we wereconcerned with protecting the clientfrom poor engineering work.Establishing this requirement is alsopart of our job of ensuringprofessional attitudes, and theresponsibility that goes with thoseattitudes. Unfortunately, as youknow, the timing on this couldn'thave been worse because the costof insurance has really gotten out ofhand. This is due to the largelawsuits being awarded in theUnited States, with the result thatinsurance premiums are so high thatsome engineering frrms can't affordto pay them. ])octorS are having thesame problem. As it stands, therequirement has been postponed to

1987, and a Task Force has beenset up within the APEO to examinethe possibilities open to us:

IW: We've been usingdoctors and lawyers as analogies for the engineeeringprofession, which brings toquestion the recent activity ofthe OMA. First of all, do yousee a need for a service 'groupfor engineers as the medicalprofession has in the OMA?

M-L: You're referring to the CSPE,of course. Yes, there is a need for aservice group. Many engineers areon salary with large corporationsand need to be represen ted (orprotected). Because of our licensingand disciplinary functions, we can'tdo that, but an organization like theCSPE can. I'm not sure how gooda job they're doing, but they are arelatively new organization andhave to be more fully established tobe effective. When that happens,the function of the CSPE wouldcorrespond to that of the OMA:again, we don't want to getinvo ved in providin services toengineers.IW: Is there anything theAssociation can do to helpthe CSPE get established?M-L: When the CSPE originallyformed out of our SalariedEngineering J)ivision, we hopedthat they would grow on their own,but I think that they do need a bitmore help from us. I think, forexample, that we could help withcommunication, since we have awell-established mailing list of50,000 members. We have to becareful that they don't becomedependent on our services, sincethat would take away from both ofour organizations. We also have to, keep the APEO and the CSPEcompletely separate, as is the cas'ewith doctors. (The OMA is aprofessional service organizationfor doctors, but they are licensed bythe Ontario College of Physiciansand Surgeons.)IW That brings up anotherquest ion: suppose tha tengineers had been thesubject of government controlinstead of doctors, and hadgone out on strike. What rolewould the APEO haveplayed?

M-L: Well, we couldn't have donemuch about the situation itself,unless the striking process wasseen to be endangering the pUblic.


11/20


12/20


Working Below The Equatorby Todd Sproule'

The first time I visited Brazil wasafter I finished high school. I wassponsored by my local Rotary Clubto be a Youth Exchange Student toBrazil for one year. I lived in a citycalled Teresina, the capital of thestate of Piaui. This Northeast areaof Brazil is the least developed andpoorest region of Brazil, so myyear was full of new experiencesand enabled me to gain a betterperspective of the world and howCanada is perceived in othercountries.

It was during that year that Imade initial contacts with Brazilianindustry . I knew that when Ireturned from Brazil I would beentering into the co-op program atthe U. of W. so I thought it wouldbe interesting to arrange a workterm in Brazil. During my 2Bschool term I managed to secure aposition with a Brazilian firm. TheIAESTE (International Associationof Exchange Students for TechnicalExperience) helped me to get myvisa (application forms for IAESTEcan be found in Needles Hall.)

The company I worked for wasSuI America Teleinformatica,located in Recife, Pernambuco - onthe North-East coast about 5degrees below the equator. This

company was formed after thetelecommunications division ofPhilips In ternational wasnationalized. The company usedPhilips' technology (for a fee) toproduce telecommunication devicessuch as PABXs (a telephoneexchange system. You're welcome.Ed.), CB radios, and microwavetransmitter/receivers. I wasinvolved in the development andtesting of two particular models ofthe PABX, the TBX-VB andTBX-lOOO. Although not marketed

tTOT L I\ GeWOMl:N - Ml:N HAIR SALON

in North American, they can befound in Europe, South Americaand Africa. The sys terns weredeveloped at Phi lips ' headquartersin Amsterdam, Holland, and thesoftware had to be modified for thesystems to operate in Brazil.Since Portuguese is the officiallanguage of Brazil, this is whatwas spoken at work, althoughmany did have a good knowledgeof English. The Portuguese that Ilearned on my fIrst trip had becomea bit rusty,. though once I wasimmersed in the language for a fewweeks I was once again conversant.

While I was working at SuIAmerica I made a whopping$35/week (with 9 hour work days,not including lunch). This mayseem pa 1ry by Canadian standardsbut in fact was twice the nationalminimum salary which a large partof the labour class earns . Thissalary is typical of the co-opstudents from the local universityUniversidade Federal dePernambuco). These students havea co-op job and go to school at thesame time, splitting their days sothey spend the morning at work andthe afternoon at school.

I had the opportunity to visit theuniversity campus to attend some oftheir engineering classes. I wassurprised to learn that the budgetcuts there are much more seriousthan here at the U. of W. On thatparticular day the students wereholding a demonstration in theAdministration buildings protestingthe Federal Government's withdrawal of support for engineeringlab programs. These studentsapperared to be much more: : ; ; ; ; ~ t s i n v o l v e d in campus affairs thanhere at the U. ofW.$2.00 off : Y pric.e for: $10.00 offCut Style: all Perms. :Hi ghlights. I I--------.------------------ot Valid with Any Other DiscountsWestmount Place 746 8764

Also ask about our Membershi Cards for off

I was also surprised to learn ofhow well the U. of W. is known atthis university. I discovered thatWaterloo had organized andstocked the engineering technicallibrary. As well, I met a formerWaterloo Math Ph.D. student, Dr.Paulo Cunha. When I told him Iwas an engineering work termstudent here in Brazil he laughed

and said , , You co-ops geteverywhere '.I was lucky to be in Brazil duringCarnival, the biggest bash of the

year. What originated as a r l i g i o u s ~festival to kick off Lent has evolved :into a four day blow-out. Iexperienced the festival in Olindawhich is touted as the second mostfamous carnival celebration in'Brazil.An interesting note during mystay in Brazil was the implementation of a new economic policyby the Brazilian Government. . Itspurpose was to reduce runawayinflation and the resul ts wereastounding. Through a policy ofwage and price controls the

Government was able to reduceinflation from over 200% to 0%. Ineffect, the Government outlawedinflation. The program alsoincluded a restructuring of thenation's currency so that the lastthree zeros of the cruxeiro, whichhad become redundant, wereremoved.After I worked for ten weeks Idecided to do some travellingaround Brazil a work term has tobe only eight weeks long ). Ipurchased an Air-Pass for $450 thatgave me unlimited use of thenational ai,rline, V ARIG, for three

weeks. Among the places I visitedwas Iguacu Falls, the site of theworld's largest hydro-electricgenerating station, ITAIPU, a joint'Brazilian-Paraguayan venture(when completed it wHl have an 18Gigawatt capacity)'.I also visitedseveral other cities, and travelled upthe Amazon River. I ended the termwith several weeks in Rio deJaneiro.

The co-op system here atWaterloo is flexible and allowsstudents to arrange work terms inother parts of the world. I stronglysuggest that students take advantageof programs such as IAESTE.:There is probably no better time to.see other parts of the world thanduring your school years.


13/20


Canada's Model UNby Sean Maw

On July 6, 1986, five 1BSystems Design Engineeringstudents started what will hopefullybecome a UW tradition. AlexLeslie, Pifko, John Vellinga,Pavan Rajagopal, and myselfheaded to Montreal for a week totake part in Canada's 2nd Natio'nalModel United Nations Assembly.

Representing Barbados on theGeneral Assembly (GA) and itsCommittees, and Madagascar onthe UN Security Council, wetemporarily became the Ambassadors and UN delegates fromthose countries. In addition, two ofus held the posts of Vice Presidentof the GA and a President of theSecurity Council. .

While this may have been UW'sflrst foray into serious internationalpolitical simulations, model UN'sare not all that new to Canada. TheCNMUNA is being sponsored bythe UN Association (UNA) ofCanada and has sponsored similarassemblies before, at the Universityof Regina and in southern Ontario

at the Southern Ontario Model UNAssembly (SOMA) for high schoolstudents, to name just a couple.The purpose of these gatherings isto educate a Western youth that, forthe most part, is unaffected by, andlacks a critical understanding of, theworld body. And it's an educationthat's never been so much fun.

When delegates know theircountry's foreign policy, theissues, and how the UN works,startlingly realistic things begin tohappen. Backroom lobbying hammers out resolutions, "blocs"discuss voting strategies andcountries start to "lean" on allies.You learn at once, why the UN canbe so ineffective and yet soindispensible. You can end upknowing more about your hostcountry than some natives.In Montreal, we met various"real" foreign Ambassadors, andseveral other Under-SecretariesGeneral and dignitaries. Last year,delegates even met Perez de Cuellar(the Secretary General of the UN -Ed. You're welcome). And thenof co.urse. there was the city of

Montreal.By the end of the week, we hadtravelled throughout the city,

feasted in authentic Morrocan,Lebanese, French and Vietnameserestaurants. We had had champagneand caviar with our realembassadorial counterparts and hadregularly enjoyed 20 hour days(just like at school, it seems). wealso had d r a w ~ up, lobbied andpresented resolutions, been lecturedby top UN Secretariatmembers andhad been exposed to the majorproblems facing the UN today.For those interested in theinternational scene, nothing elsecomes close to the experience. Alesson in negotiation, conciliationand power, it can get verysophisticated. How about in-housereal-time translation or discussionof issues at a level some politiciansin Ottawa can't muster. TheInternational Court of Justicesimulation features the real ChiefJustice of the ICJ. This isn't justsilly kid's stuffSo i t was in this light that five

The Frosh re ominby Ian SmartBefore all the geniuses readingthis article point out the obvious,I'll do it for them: you are allabsolutely right, there are no froshon campus at the moment.However, far-sighted individualswill realize that in just over amonth, this campus will be invadedby hordes of this confused breed ofhumanity. It is the purpose of thisarticle to guide the frosh to a moreenlightened existence.Welcome to all new members ofour university community For thefirst two or three weeks after youarrive you will no doubt be in acompletely chaotic whirl, followedby a brief period of relative sanity,succeeded by totally Apocalypticsession of mid-term exams, then -Zap -. it's December and finalexams, and you haven't evenstarted to crack those books, letalone actually understand anything.Not to worry: there's a few thingsyou can do to make this flrst crucialterm work for you rather than

against.. .....One of which is to makefriends. Now, not later. You'llfriends anyway), and generally helpyou to maintain your equilibrium inthe Face of Dark Adversity. Goodfriends are a social and academicnecessity: unless you learn to workwith (and not against) others you'll

not make it here or later as apracticing engineer.Secondly ... make this your real

home. We have found (and perhapsthis is now time to confess thatyou're reading something writtenby the Engineering CouncellingService, of which more anon) thatstudents who abandon c a m p u ~every week to go home have moretrouble than anyone. This may bebecause, if your heart is in Torontoor Sudbury or Lower Timbuctoo,you cannot give your all to a taskthat will demand your all. It alsomeans that YOU won't get all yourguaranteed unless you are TotallyCompetent and Know Everthing, inwhich case (a) why are you here?and (b) you wouldn't have anyneed friends to take notes if you'reaway, help you with thoseimpossible assignments, share yourmiseries when you make a mess ofsomething (note: this is almostwork done, you'll get behind withsickening rapidity, you won't havea bunch of friends to help, and itwill be farewell.We recommend that you onlyplan 2 or 3 weekends away, andthat you do everything possible to

make yourself feel a real part of thisfaculty. f you're living inresidence, that's easier; if you'reliving off-campus, make an extraeffort to spend some time in theevenings on-campus with friends(e.g. get together for someCalculus-coffee-chat with someonein residence). Loneliness hits justabout everyone in ftrst term - afterall, you're away from everythingand everyone that once made upyour life - but just remember (a)almost everyone else feels the

same, and (b) most everyone iswaiting for everyone else to admit. itAnd don't forget the other thingsthat make you who you are:hobbies, sports, and so on. If youplay the piano, tuba, or piccolo; ifyou toss a football around or playbroomball; if you ride a bike, playchess, make the world's bestpizza, sew a fine seam, or collectused skunk-hides - find some timeto continue doing that, a t least once

or twice a week. Finally, your brainwill work well for you if you treatyour body better than merely a shelfto keep your head off the ground.You will look, feel, and functionbetter if you get a minimum of 4exercise sessions of 20 minuteseach per week .... anything youlike providing it makes you puffand pant. Jogging, fitness classes,swimming - whatever, but do itAnd that's all the advice, folks.Except to add that Meg and Ian, inEngineering Counselling, are thereto help you in anything that might

get in the way of you doing a goodjob as a student. So, if you haveany questions, feel that the world isturning inside out, or just want tocheck on what to expect (and whatto do about it), give us a call (ext.2849) or drop in (CPH, room 4318and 4320). We'll do what we can.Meanwhile, if life is a bewilderingwhirl, relax and enjoy it. After all,people willingly pay money forcarnival rides, don't they?Cheers

engineers trundled off to Montreal,cramming for the five-day finalwhere all you're asked to do is tryto break the back of apartheid, getthe Soviets out of Afghanistan andresolve the 3rd World dilemna.

We must have done fairly well,since more than one personcommented "maybe you engineersaren't so bad, after all."It was an opportunity thatshouldn't have been miss'ed, andthe Dean's Office has generouslyhelped us make sure that we didn't,This year, we went, representing allof UW. Last year, no one did.Next year? Come the winter term,Eng Soc will be able to provideregistration info for CNMUNA'87, or you can write the UNA inOttawa.The friends we made from allacross Canada and the U.S., thewild times we had in the city, andthe unequalled educational experience of the model itself, made ourtrip one that we will never forget.Join us and become a part of it inthe coming year.

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14/20

14 IRON WARRIORThe ing Road Classicby Brenda Reiye andSteve Cornall

Despite the damp weather, over240 cyclists and 50 course marshalsturned up for the 2nd Annual RingRoad Classic Bicycle Race held onSunday, July 13, 1986. Thirtyeight cycling clubs from as faraway as London, Collingwood andAjax were represented in both theNovice and Senior 3 categories ,with especially large turnouts by theKing Velo (Kitchener) andWaterloo Cycling clubs.

One hundred and thirty cyclists,including 5 women, started in the10-lap (28 km) Novice race, whichwas won by Bill Shabatura ofKitchener. Mark Orzel of Hamiltonwas a close second, with AllenBrisbin of the Bloor Cycle teamthird. The sprint to the finish wasextremely confusing, as the leadingcyclists caught two packs of lappedriders right at the line. Some goodguesses by the officials and a littlehonesty on the part of the leadershelped sort out the final standings.Astrid Becker of Waterloo took flIstplace in the women's race, withPascal Cal well-Mortim er ofToronto second and Margo Fraser,a U of W Kin student, third.To spectators who had neverbefore witnessed a cycling race,many of these riders did not looklike novices. Perhaps it was the

wild spandex jerseys and shortswith sponsor and team namesemblazoned on every availablesquare inch. Or it could have beenthat the finely-tuned machinesbeneath the cyclists bore littleresemblance to the battered andrusted CCM's that normally graceRing Road. Most likely it was the42 kmlhr pace of the lead pack andthe strong breeze that followed itspassing. The novice race was notwithout mishaps, however. Therain caused the painted centre-linesto be extremely treacherous, andmore than a few cyclists foundthemselves slipping, overcorrecting and then falling, oftentaking down other riders with them.Other crashes occurred when

cyclists failed to hold their lineswithin the pack, and crossedwheels with riders in front of them.The start of the 56 km Senior 3race coincided with a positivechange in the weather, though road,conditions were still slippery for thefirst half of the race. The event waswon by veteran cyclist Bert Dekkerof the Waterloo c.c., who nosedpast Tom Paskey in a spectacularsprint to the finish. Sanbae Lee ofthe Boardwalk C.C. was third. Acrash near Carl Pollock Hall on thesecond last lap of the 20 lap race

broke up the 113-rider pack, whichhad remained united for most ofthe race. The average speed wasclocked at 47.3 kmlhr' indicatingthe advanced skill of theses racers.(This is one reason why youshouldn't step in front of the pack.)Several engineers took part in theraces including Senior 3's ThomasSchmidt (4A Civ), J.P. Pinard (2BGeo) and Constantin Milchin (IBMech). Milchin helped 1B Mechscoop up an easy 30 P**5 pointswith their "La Vie MechAnarchy"team entry. (Nice jerseys, guys, but

your bikes could use a little work )The race organizers apologize forthe lack of a non-serious race andhope for a better race next year.~ EATON'S TRAVELI@I,Travelling This Summer?

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In the past few years, thepopularity of competitive cycling inNorth America has increaseddramatically. This is in part due tothe expanded media coverage ofraces such as the Tour de Franceand the Race Across America, aswell as the impressiveperformances by athletes likeAmerican Greg Le Mond andCanada's Steve Bauer. (The flashyfashions haven't hurt either.)Competitive cycling in Canada isnot nearly as well organized as it isin Europe hut that will probably

change with the influx of novicesinto the sport. In order to advancefrom Novice status to Cadet (under15 years of age), Junior (16 and 17years) or Senior 3 (18 and over),cyclists must either place 1st, 2ndor 3rd in an Ontario CyclingAssociation (O.C.A) sanctionedevent, or compete in threesanctioned races, whichever comesfirst. Once in the Senior 3 class,cyclists must obtain 12 pointsduring the course of one racingseason in order to advance toSenior 2 status. Riders finishingfirst earn 7 points, and secondthrough fourth receive 5, 3 and 1point respectively.Looking at the number andcalibre of the participants inSunday's race, one can appreciatehow difficult it must be to snatchone of those coveted top placings.

x p e r i e n c e ~ strategy and speed (aswell as luck) all play importantroles in detennining the outcome ofa race. Spectators may have noticedsome of the more seasoned cyclistsletting air out of their tires in orderto increase traction. Stronger riderswho choose to lead and essentiallybreak the wind for the others arenot likely to be involved in a crash.However, the extra effort expendedat the front eventually tires the legsand the leaders may have nothingleft for the sprint. Cyclists whoposition themselves within the packenjoy the benefits of reduced windresistance, but run a higher risk ofbeing caught in or behind a crashand being permanently separatedfrom the lead group. Experiencedriders tend to recognize and avoidother cyclists who are likely tocause a crash.

July 1986

Several pnmes (pronouncedpreems ) placed strategicallythroughout the race encourage theleading riders to pick up the pace. Abell is rung at the start of the primelap, and the riders sprint for moneyor prizes at the end of this lap.Often a few cyclists may breakaway from the pack as the result ofthe prime (what some people willdo for money ). Riders who go forprimes at the end of a race (eg. theClassic had primes on the 5th, 4thand 3rd last laps of the race) riskburning out their legs before thefinal sprint. Dekker, the Senior 3winner, did not sprint for anyprimes, but was content to stay inabout 10th to 15th position formuch of the race, saving his legsfor the finish.

The Second Annual Ring RoadClassic was deemed a success byalmost everyone involved, though,of course, it wasn't perfect. Plansare already in the works for nextyear's race, and all suggestions forimprovements will be seriouslyconsidered.Thanks to all the marshals thatcame out to help: several cyclistscommented on the great job thatyou did in keeping the road safe.Special thanks to Dr. T.Brzustowski, D.P. Robertson, Zel

Whittington in Bookings, FredStewart, Phil McKay and Security,PAC personnel, Dr. Don Ranney,St. John's Ambulance, Groundspersonnel, Engineering AudioVisual, Dr. Bishop of theKinesiology Department, Riordan'sand the other sponsors, andZiggy's Cycle for their co-operationand assistance with the race.~ iS U M M ~ pI\CKAGE\

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15/20

July 986 IRON W RRIOR 5

Things To Do With n Pby Henri et t

The best portable shaving mirror with a key board.

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he BATMECH boys embark on a tough night of homework.

A friend - always there to listen.

The girls next door have something different in mind. Perfect for those last minute aSSignments on the way t class.


16/20

16 IRON WARRIOR

The Day Before Tomorrow -continued from previousissueby Julian Ford

In the morning, Sandy walkedinto the room carrying a glass ofinstant orange juice. Will wasasleep, sprawled across his bench.Paper was strewn about the room,the computer monitor was flashingout numbers, and on his bench infront of him was a box-shapeddevice with a couple of switchesand a protruding nozzle. Sandyplaced the juice beside him andleaned over and kissed his ear. Willstirred, looked at Sandy and smiledas he stretched himself."I missed you last night," shesaid. "I saw the light in here,

though, so I just left you.""I'm sorry, sweetheart, but Iwanted to work with the thingsGreg brought back. I guess I fellasleep.""Are you going to let your bigsecret out of the bag soon?" shesaid, indicating the box."Soon. Quite soon. Have youseen Greg at all this morning?""Yeah, he's been up for a while.Do you want me to go find him foryou?"

I f you wouldn't mind. I've gotsomething to show him." A smilespread across his face as he saidthis.Sandy left the room and Willturned back to his bench. He staredat the device on top of it and smiledwidely. He leaned back in his chair,still star

iron warrior: volume 7, issue 4

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