ir. mohamad zaini bin bakar -...
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IR. MOHAMAD ZAINI BIN BAKAR
UNIT REKABENTUK BANGUNAN AM 1
CAWANGAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
IBU PEJABAT JKR MALAYSIA, KUALA LUMPUR
TARIKH : 15-16 APRIL 2014
TEMPAT : CAW.KEJ.MEKANIKAL, IBU PEJABAT KUALA LUMPUR
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Berkenalan :
Siapa yang biasa design
dan buat pengawasan ?
SISTEM COLD WATER
PLUMBING
DIKATAKAN ANTARA
YANG MUDAH DAN
SENANG DI DALAM
PEMBINAAN
SESUATU PROJEK
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UTG
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MEMBERI KEFAHAMAN AKTA,STANDARD, CODE YANG BERKAITAN DIGUNAPAKAI
KEFAHAMAN KONSEP DAN REKABENTUK
PERBEZAAN SKOP REKABENTUK ANTARA MEKANIKAL DAN CIVIL
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MENGETAHUI KEPERLUAN PIAWAIAN DAN PIHAK BERKUASA
MENGETAHUI KONSEP DAN PRINSIP
REKABENTUK SISTEM BEKALAN AIR DAN SANITARI DALAMAN
BOLEH MEREKABENTUK SISTEM BEKALAN AIR DAN SANITARY DALAMAN…
SAYA JAMIN 150% ANDA SEMUA BOLEH DESIGN SELEPAS INI…………………
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PIPE SIZING
TANK SIZING
PUMP SIZING
………ITU JE KE
????????...............
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WATER SERVICE S INDUSTRY ACT-
LAWS OF MALAYSIA (act 655)
BS 6700/BS 8558:2011
Malaysia Standard.. ..UC
SURUHANJAYA PERKHIDMATAN AIR NEGARA
(SPAN)-Uniform technical guidelines
GUIDE TO WATER SUPPLY RULES-JKR LOCAL WATER AUTHORITY
` www.span.gov.my
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PLUMBING ENGINEERING
SERVICE DESIGN GUIDE
COMPLIED AND PUBLISHED BY:-
THE INSTITUE OF PLUMBING
CARRIER SYSTEM
DESIGN MANUAL–PART 3
PIPING DESIGN
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SEDIAKAN LUKISAN TENDER CWS UNTUK DITENDER BERSAMA DENGAN KONTRAKTOR UTAMA
BQ TIDAK DISEDIAKAN KECUALI ADA SKOP PENTING HENDAK DIMASUKKAN
LULUS LUKISAN PEMBINAAN/KERJA YANG DISEDIAKAN OLEH KONTRAKTOR UTAMA
(HODT MEKANIKAL-SPK JKR-ISO-9001)
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TARIKH :10 JUN 2008
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KITCHEN FIRE FIGHTING
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CIVIL
MEKANIKAL
ELEVATED WATER TANK
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LUKISAN PEMBINAAN/SHOP DRAWING/LUKISAN KERJA MASIH KURANG JELAS
SIAPA BUAT LUKISAN PEMBINAAN/KERJA/SHOP
SIAPA YANG PERLU LULUS LUKISAN SIAPA AKAN BUAT PENYELIAAN DITAPAK DAN BAYARAN INTERIM
PERLU KELULUSAN PIHAK BERKUASA
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1. YANG MANA SKOP MEKANIKAL? 2. SEBAB APA TIDAK ADA TANGKI
SEDUTAN…? 3. BOLEH ATAU TIDAK …KALAU TIDAK
GUNA TANGKI AIR SIMPANAN? 4. KENAPA TIDAK ADA PAIP KE BILIK AIR?
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PUMP TANK
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Tandas(Wanita)
Tandas(Lelaki)
OKUTandas
OKUTandas
ruang servis
TANDAS LELAKI DAN TANDAS WANITA Pantry, water fountain, kitchen, lanskap,bilik mandi(shower)
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1 OWNER/CLIENTS decide on the type of building, allocate budget etc.
2 ARCHITECT- prepare complete set of preliminary architect drawing that includes proposed size service shaft, plant room etc.
3 MECHANICAL- Responsible design and prepares tender drawing
4 CONTRACTOR/PLUMBER- responsible supply , install, testing commissioning and prepare working and as built drawing
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SERVIS SHAFT UNTUK PIPE/DROPPER
RUANG TANGKI AIR YANG MENCUKUPI
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KERJA-KERJA CWS BERMULA SEBAIK SAHAJA GROUND FLOOR/BEAM BERMULA
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Step 1 Water demand estimation
Step 2 System design
Step 3 Equipment layout
Step 4 Location and sizing of main supply riser and dropper
Step 5 Detail piping layout and schematic drafting
Step 6 Pipe sizing
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Mainly three(3) methods are being used
Based on local water authority (e.g SYABAS)
Base on rule 224 (Guide to water supply rules and panduan kaedah-kaedah bekalan air- Cawangan Bekalan air JKR) ◦ - By Building ◦ - By People ◦ - By Fitting ◦ - By Area
(iii) Based on actual recording of daily consumption ( used for hospital)
NOTA: TIDAK TERMASUK ‘FIRE FIGHTING REQUIREMENTS
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Water Estimation base on…
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SUMBER :PBAPP SDN BHD
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BUILDING CONSUMPTION/DAY
HOTELs 270 LITERS/RESIDENT
OFFICES WITHOUT CANTEEN
70 LITERS/PERSON
OFFICES WITH CANTEEN
90 LITERS/PERSON
RESTAURANTS 14 LITERS
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FITTINGS CONSUMPTION/FITTING/DAY
SHOWER(SH) 450-900 LITERS
SLIPPER BATH 900 LITERS
WATER CLOSET(WC)
180 LITERS
LAVATORY BASIN(WCT)
90 LITERS
SINK(WB) 90 LITERS
URINAL(IR) 180 LITERS
BED PAN WASHER 180 LITERS
WASH-UP SINK 225 LITERS
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Satu blok asrama akan dihuni oleh 120 orang
pelajar. Kirakan keperluan air harian (daily water requirement) untuk blok ini.
Jawapan : Keperluan (berdasarkan jumlah penghuni) = 120 (orang) x 180 liter/hari = 21,600 liter/hari = 4,800 gallons/hari
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Kirakan keperluan air harian untuk bangunan pejabat 16 tingkat yang akan dibina. Diberi setiap tingkat :-
4 wash basin (WB),
2 urinal (UR),
4 water closet (WC) dan
4 water closet tap (WCT).
Jawapan :
Keperluan
(berdasarkan jumlah pemasangan)
= 4x(WB) + 2x(UR) + 4x(WC) + 4x(WCT)
= 4x(90) + 2x(180) + 4x(180) + 4x(90)
= 1,800 liter/hari/tingkat.
= 28,800 liter/hari
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Untuk bangunan di dalam contoh 2, keperluan air sehari ialah 28,800 liter. Kirakan kapasiti tangki sedutan dan tangki simpanan. Gunakan tangki FRP.
Jawapan: Panel FRP: 1200mm(P) x 1200mm(L), Tangki sedutan 1/3 keperluan sehari, = 1/3 x 28,800 = 9,600 liter Saiz tangki = 3 panel (P) x 1 panel (L) x 2 panel (T) = 3.60m x 1.20m x 2.40m = 10, 895 liter (nominal) (-)Pampasan untuk TWL (125mm) dan BWL (50mm) = 10, 895 – 781 = 10,114 liter kapasiti sebenar (ok).
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Dewan komuniti
300 orang , rules 224
Luas lantai 30 m x 40 m ( 10 LETER/M2, 12,000 liter)
Bilik air 2nos (5 nos WC,10 wash basin, 5 tap) 180 x 15= 2700 liter +90x 5=450 L….total =3150 liter
Dapatkan saiz tangki air yang sesuai
Jawapan :…………………….
Implikasi :………………..
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The questions normally arise are:
Size of storage tanks
Is suction tank required
Size of suction tank
Size of roof storage tank
Tank Location
Pneumatic Hydro Pump for flush valve
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Tank Sizing
Storage capacity should not less than one day
For High rise building/insufficient pressure a suction tank and roof tank is introduced.
Suction tank= 1/3 of total demand
Roof tank = 2/3 of total demand
Tank size should reflect net capacity not nominal capacity
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Nota : isometrik lebih baik SKIMATIK PIPING LAYOUT
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Basic Parameters to understand :-
Velocity (m/s)
Flowrate ( L/s)
Friction loss/pressure drop( meter head)
Basic continuity equation laminar flow Q= VELOCITY X AREA
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To provide a safe and healthy supply
To provide adequate pressure to all plumbing fixtures/fitting e.g water closet, tap, basin, shower, sink etc
To provide optima pipe size
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PIPE FRICTION LOSS (UNIT METER HEAD ATAU KAKI HEAD/METER RUN/FEET RUN)
PANJANG PAIP SEBENAR (ACTUAL LENGTH , UNIT METER ATAU KAKI)
PANJANG PAIP SETARA /EQUIVALENT LENGTH,( UNIT METER ATAU KAKI)
STATIC HEAD (UNIT METER HEAD ATAU KAKI HEAD)
RESIDUAL HEAD(UNIT METER HEAD ATAU KAKI HEAD)
AVAILABALE STATIC HEAD(UNIT METER HEAD ATAU KAKI HEAD)
FRICTION LOSS DUE TO FITTINGS(UNIT METER HEAD ATAU KAKI HEAD
LOADING UNITS
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LOADING UNITS: Loading units are factors taking into account the flow rate at the appliance, the length of time in use and the frequency of use. Head loss in fitting and valve Should be expressed as the loss of head through an equivalent length of pipe. Approximation may be made by adding an equivalent length as percentage of actual length to cover all head losses in pipe fitting. Percentage added 10% hingga 40% depending on the complexity of the pipe layout Sumber : BS6700
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SUMBER : PLUMBING ENGINEERING SERVICE DESIGN GUIDE
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Sumber: GUIDE TO WATER SUPPLY RULES & PANDUAN KAEDAH-KAEDAH BEKALAN AIR CAW.BEKALAN AIR Ibu Pejabat JKR
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Velocity vs LU/Q
SUMBER : GRAPH 4: PLUMBING ENGINEERING SERVICE DESIGN GUIDE
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SUMBER : MWA GUIDELINES FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM /BS6700
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Q & A
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‘SCREW IT’…LET’S DO IT’
…………..’RICHARD BRANSON’
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STAGE DESCRIPTION
1 Prepare pipework diagram
2 Enter pipe reference on calculation sheet
3 Determine the loading units for each length of pipe
4 Convert loading unit to design flow rate
5 Starting from the source and using a straight pipe
6 Determine the vertical distance between inlet and outlet
7 Determine the available head
8 Measure the actual of pipe
9 Determine the effective length of the pipe
10 Determine the actual head loss
11 Determine an equivalent length of pipe
12 Deduct actual head loss
13 Residual pressure
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stage
1 LUKISAN ARKITEK MUKTAMAD( FLOOR PLAN DAN JUGA ELEVATION
2 LALUAN PAIP SEBENAR (DESIGNER)
3 BUAT LUKISAN SKEMATIK (DESIGNER)
4 LOKASI TANK SEBENAR (DESIGNER)
5 TENTUKAN LALUAN PAIP YANG PALING ‘WORST’ (bukan paling jauh)
6 TENTUKAN TEKANAN YANG DIPERLUKAN DI ’DRAW-OFF OULET’
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KUIZ: Q TAP=……L/S ( 0.05 L/s), V=0.8m/s
Q WC =…….L/S Dia pipe=…….mm(50mm)????
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TOILET 1
TOILET 2
TOILET 3
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TAP FLOW RATE (L/S)
LOSS OF HEAD (M)
EQUIVALENT PIPE LENGTH (M)
NOMINAL SIZE ½”(15MM)
0.15 0.5 3.7
NOMINAL SIZE ½”(15MM)
0.20 0.8 3.7
NOMINAL SIZE ¾”(20MM)
0.30 0.8 11.8
NOMINAL SIZE 1”(25MM)
0.60 1.5 22.0
SUMBER : BS6700 Table 22 Kuiz : Kalau tap lebih besar 25mm ?
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Demand unit/loading Unit(LU)…. Base medium frequency use
Table 14 plumbing engineering services design guide (nota)
QUANTITY LU /APPLIANCE SUB-TOTAL LU
TOILET 1 SHOWER BASIN WC
1 1 1
3 2 2
3 2 2
7
TOILET 2 SHOWER BASIN WC
1 1 1
3 2 2
3 2 2
7
TOILET 3 SHOWER BASIN WC
1 1 1
3 2 2
3 2 2
7
GARDEN TAP 1 1 1 1
TOTAL (LU)
22
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Size the pipe within each toilet
Demand (LU) for each toilet = 7 LU
Assume friction loss between 0.03 m wg/m run till 0.05m wg/m run …..take 0.03 m wg/m run
Refer graph 4:-
Flow rate= 0.26 l/s
Pipe dia.= 25mm -32mm (take 32mm)
Velocity= 0.5 m/s
quiz: why assume friction loss between 0.03-0.05 ?
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7 LU
0.03m wg/m run
Pipe size=25-32mm OD V=0.5-0.75 m/s Q=0.25L/S
V=0.5m/s
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Repeat the same process for each branch of distribution pipe to each appliance group, FROM GRAPH 4 we get:-
Branch LU Q(l/s) Pipe
Dia.(mm) Velocity (m/s)
Tap 1 0.07 20 <0.5
BASIN 2 0.12 20 0.5
SHOWER 2 0.12 20 0.5
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REFER SCHEMATIC .. SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY
FROM THE SOURCE WE HAVE TO SERVE 3 TOILTES AND 1 TAP
LET’S SIZE THE PIPE SIZE BETWEEN NODE
(A) TO (B)
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FROM GRAPH 4
NODE LOADING (LU) Q(L/S) PIPE DIA.(MM)
(A-B) 22 0.5 40
(C-D) 15 0.38 40
(E-F) 8 0.28 32
(G-H-I) 7 0.25 32
FINISH, PIPE SIZING ……BOLEH TENDER…?
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Check pressure availability of gravity system node A to node K (worst case)
Vertical gravity static head
3.0 m head
Vertical nett difference 3.5-1.0 m head
STATIC HEAD AVAILABLE 2.5 M HEAD
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Pressure head loss calculation via equivalent length method. Worst hydraulic case is from Node A to B to K
NODE PIPE SIZE FITTING TYPE EQUIVALENT IN FEET
EQUIVALENT IN METER
QUANTITY OF FITTING
TOTAL QUANTITY LENGTH IN METER
A-B
40MM 40MM
ELBOW VALVE
4.5 0.95
1.37 0.29
3 1
4.11 0.29
B-K 40MM 32MM 32MM 32MM 32MM 20MM 20MM
TEE REDUCER VALVE ELBOW REDUCER VALVE ELBOW SHOWER HEAD
9 2.75 0.8 3.5 3 0.5 2 5
2.74 0.84 0.24 1.07 0.91 0.15 0.61 1.52
1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
2.74 0.84 0.24 3.21 0.91 0.15 0.61 1.52
TOTAL 14.62 METRE RUN
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WE ESTABLISH THE;-
Earlier we assume pipe friction loss=0.03m/meter run
Therefore loss due to pipe and fitting:
=34.62 meter run x 0.03 m/meter run
=1.04 m head
Node A to K
Fitting equivalent lenght 14.62 meter run
Actual pipe lenght 20 meter run (5+5+3.5+2.5+2.5+1.5)
Total equivalent lenght 34.62 meter run
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FINALLY CHECK: AVAILABALE PRESSURE AT ‘OUTLET’ AFTER CONSIDER ALL THE
LOSSES
THEREFORE DESIGN PIPE IS ACCEPTABLE
STATIC HEAD AVAILABLE 2.5 M HEAD
PIPE LOSSES 1.04 M HEAD
BALANCE PRESSURE 1.46 M HEAD…… O.K OR K.O = O.K
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DIAMETER OF DISTRIBUTION PIPE
DIAMETER OF BRANCH PIPE
4” 3” 2 ½” 2” 1 ½” 1” ¾” ½”
100 mm 1 2 4 6 12 30 60 180
80 mm 1 1 3 6 16 30 87
65 mm 1 2 3 12 31 48
50 mm 2 6 12 32
40 mm 1 3 6 16
32 mm 2 4 10
25 mm 1 2 6
20 mm 1 3
15 mm 1
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Q & A
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Pressure Test : 1.5 working pressure
Duration : 24 hrs
Method : pressurised by hydraulic pump
Pressure drop shall not exceed 5 % test pressure
Sumber : spec cold water JKR section 2
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En. Zaini, bagi contoh soalan yang senang cuba bagi contoh projek yang susah susah . Masa buat kerja sebenar kita tidak akan jumpa sistem yang mudah macam ini…? ’dialog
FILEM hantu kak limah balik kampung’
En.Zaini, bagaimana pula jika ada ‘Flush Valve ‘ untuk tandas-tandas, adakah kiraan pipe saiznya sama saja. ? Waktu bila perlu guna ‘flush valve’
En.Zaini ,bagaimana pula hendak kira paip yang guna pam penggalak ?
En.Zaini ,banyak sangat rujukan perlu rujuk, kadang-kadang keliru mana satu yang
boleh dirujuk?
En.Zaini, material jenis apa yang paling bagus untuk ‘Internal Coldwater Plumbing? En.Zaini, adakah cara lain yang paling cepat untuk buat saiz paip. Kalau nak kira-
kira satu-satu macam En Zaini buat , saya ingat sebulan pun belum tentu boleh siap? En.Zaini, macam mana hendak buat anggaran kos untuk cold water plumbing?
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